Name: a method for systematic electrochemical and electrophysiological evaluation of neural recording electrodes
Uploaded: 2014-03-03T22:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes at JoVE.com

作者承认澳大利亚研究理事会通过卓越的Electromaterials科学中心的支持。

该协议已获得拉筹伯大学（09-28P）和RMIT大学动物伦理委员会（1315）。 1。 体外测试电极的制备及初步<ol><li>制备电极涂层沉积的解决方案;例如10mM的3,4 -乙烯二氧噻吩（EDOT）和0.1M钠对 -甲苯磺酸盐（钠2点 ），以形成聚-3,4 -亚乙二氧基-PTS（PEDOT-PTS）。 </li><li>电极阵列连接到恒电位仪。 </li><li>小心地将电极阵列成沉积溶液并夹紧到位。 </li><li>放置一个?...

<ol>
	<li>Oluigbo, C. O., Rezai, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Addressing+Neurological+Disorders+With+Neuromodulation.">Addressing Neurological Disorders With Neuromodulation.</a> IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58, 1907-1917 (2011).</li><li>Shivdasani, M. N., Mauger, S. J., Rathbone, G. D., Paolini, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inferior+Colliculus+Responses+to+Multichannel+Microstimulation+of+the+Ventral+Cochlear+Nucleus:+Implications+for+Auditory+Brain+Stem+Implants.">Inferior Colliculus Responses to Multichannel Microstimulation of the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implants.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 99, 1-13 (2008).</li><li>Perlmutter, J. S., Mink, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+Brain+Stimulation.">Deep Brain Stimulation.</a> Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 29, 229 (2006).</li><li>Weaver, F. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bilateral+Deep+Brain+Stimulation+vs+Best+Medical+Therapy+for+Patients+With+Advanced+Parkinson+Disease.">Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation vs Best Medical Therapy for Patients With Advanced Parkinson Disease.</a> J. Am. Med. Assoc. 301, 63-73 (2009).</li><li>Biran, R., Martin, D. C., Tresco, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+cell+loss+accompanies+the+brain+tissue+response+to+chronically+implanted+silicon+microelectrode+arrays.">Neuronal cell loss accompanies the brain tissue response to chronically implanted silicon microelectrode arrays.</a> Exp. Neurol. 195, 115-126 (2005).</li><li>McConnell, G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implanted+neural+electrodes+cause+chronic,+local+inflammation+that+is+correlated+with+local+neurodegeneration.">Implanted neural electrodes cause chronic, local inflammation that is correlated with local neurodegeneration.</a> J. Neural Eng. 6, (2009).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stability+of+the+interface+between+neural+tissue+and+chronically+implanted+intracortical+microelectrodes.">Stability of the interface between neural tissue and chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes.</a> IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 7, 315-326 (1999).</li><li>Rousche, P. J., Normann, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+recording+capability+of+the+Utah+Intracortical+Electrode+Array+in+cat+sensory+cortex.">Chronic recording capability of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array in cat sensory cortex.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 82, 1-15 (1998).</li><li>Williams, J. C., Rennaker, R. L., Kipke, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+neural+recording+characteristics+of+wire+microelectrode+arrays+implanted+in+cerebral+cortex.">Long-term neural recording characteristics of wire microelectrode arrays implanted in cerebral cortex.</a> Brain Res. Protoc. 4, 303-313 (1999).</li><li>Harris, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conducting+polymer+coated+neural+recording+electrodes.">Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes.</a> J. Neural Eng. 10, (2013).</li><li>Bard, A. J., Faulkner, L. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Electrochemical Methods. , (2001).</li><li>Ludwig, K. A., Uram, J. D., Yang, J., Martin, D. C., Kipke, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+neural+recordings+using+silicon+microelectrode+arrays+electrochemically+deposited+with+a+poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)+(PEDOT)+film.">Chronic neural recordings using silicon microelectrode arrays electrochemically deposited with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film.</a> J. Neural Eng. 3, 59 (2006).</li></ol>

该协议规定了在一个动物的神经比较记录电极涂层的方法。使用的电极的设计非常适合植入大鼠下丘（IC），具有类似规模的大小。该电极的变体如柄部之间的空间会阻止所有柄在大鼠集成电路是在同一时间，而较长的柄部和电极之间具有较大的间距增加的风险，该柄部的提示将要与颅骨的基极接触在插入。较小的电极间距从一个电极相邻的电极接触增加了涂层的风险。电极面积会影响神经记录?...

神经植入物被越来越多地用于研究，控制假肢和治疗疾病，如帕金森氏病，癫痫，和感觉丧失1,2。测量和/或控制了化学和大脑的电组合物的基础是所有神经植入物。然而，它管理一个治疗只有当神经组织是在异常状态下，以减少副作用3是非常重要的。例如，脑深部电刺激治疗癫痫的治疗应只适用于电脉冲到大脑中癫痫发作。有些副作用可能是肌张力障碍，记忆力，定向力障碍，认知功能受损，诱发幻觉，抑郁或抗抑郁3,4损失。在许多器件中，构成一个闭环系统，因此有必要记录的电活动与触发刺激检测到异常状态时。记录电极也用于控制亲sthetic设备。关键是要具有尽可能高的信号 - 噪声比，以获得最准确的触发和设备控制记录目标的神经活动。一个大的信号 - 噪声比也是用于研究应用中是非常理想的，因为更可靠的数据能够获得，从而减少所需的测试对象。这也将让参与神经刺激和记录的机制和途径更深入的了解。 后一个神经植入物已被放置入脑，免疫应答被触发5,6。响应的时间过程一般分为急性和慢性阶段，每个阶段由不同的生物过程7。免疫应答可以对植入物的性能显着影响，如从由包封在目标神经元中的神经胶质瘢痕的植入材料8的或化学降解的电极隔离。这可以减少一个记录电极的信号-噪声比和功率输出的激励电极，并且引线与电极失效9。谨慎选择植入物的设计和材料是必要的，以防止故障在植入物的使用寿命。 许多不同的材料和植入物的设计近来已经开发来改善信号噪声比和植入物的稳定性为神经记录。电极材料包括铂，铱，钨，氧化铱，氧化钽，氧化石墨烯，碳纳米管，掺杂的导电聚合物，以及最近的水凝胶。测试的基体材料还包括硅，氧化硅，氮化硅，丝，聚四氟乙烯，聚酰亚胺和聚硅氧烷。各个电极的修改也进行了研究，使用涂料如层粘连蛋白，神经营养因子，或自组装采用电化学，等离子体和光学技术的单层和治疗。假体设计竟可以是1 - ，2 - 或3 - 维与电极通常在绝缘探针的末端或沿着柄部为贯通电极或在一个2维数组为皮质表面植入物的边缘。无论电极设计或材料的，以前的文献中通常表现出新的植入物在不参考其他植入物构建体的性能。这可以防止他们的财产进行了系统评价。 这个协议提供了经由各种分析和电生理技术比较不同电极材料的方法。它是基于最近发表的文章相比，其中4种不同掺杂的导电聚合物涂层（聚吡咯（PPY）和聚-3,4 -亚乙二氧基（PEDOT）掺有硫酸（SO 4）或对 -甲苯磺酸盐（PTS））和4不同的涂层厚度10。这篇文章发现一种材料，PEDOT-PTS有45秒的沉积时间，具有最高信号噪声比和穗计数具有最小背景噪声，并且这些参数都依赖于电极的阻抗。相比其他掺杂导电聚合物和裸铱电极PEDOT-PTS也显示优异的生物稳定性急。该协议允许的临界参数，用于控制所述信号的信噪比和稳定性，以确定并用于进一步改善神经记录电极的性能。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1217">
	<colgroup>
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Programmable Attenuator</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">PA5</td>
			<td style="width:600px;">Controls the amplitude of the acoustic signal across frequencies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Electrostatic speaker driver</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">ED1</td>
			<td>Drives the electrostatic speakers (EC1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Coupled electrostatic speaker</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">EC1</td>
			<td>Delivers sound to the animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Processing base station</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">RZ2</td>
			<td>Records neural activity from electrode array (using PZ2 preamplifier)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Preamplifier</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">PZ2-256</td>
			<td>256-channel high impedance preamplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Multifunction Processor</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TDT</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">RX6</td>
			<td>Used to generate acoustic stimuli</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:244px;">Multichannel electrode</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">NeuroNexus Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">A4 &#215; 8&#8211;5mm-200-200-413</td>
			<td>4-shank 32-channel electrode array</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Potentiostat</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CH Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">CHI660B</td>
			<td>Deposits electrode coatings and performs cyclic voltammetry and EIS (used with CHI684)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Multiplexer</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CH Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">CHI684</td>
			<td>Switches between electrodes on the potentiostat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">di-sodium phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">71644</td>
			<td>Used in the test solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:244px;">3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">483028</td>
			<td>An electrode coating material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:244px;">para-toluene sulfonate (Na2pTS)</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">152536</td>
			<td>An electrode coating material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Urethane</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">U2500</td>
			<td>Used to anaesthetise the animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Silver/Silver chloride electrode</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CH Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">CHI111</td>
			<td>Used for testing the electrode in vitro</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Platinum electrode</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CH Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">MW4130</td>
			<td>Used for testing the electrode in vitro</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Motorized microdrive</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">DR1000</td>
			<td>To control the electrode array position during surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Enzymatic cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Advanced Medical Optics</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Ultrazyme</td>
			<td>Cleans the protein off the electrode array after implantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Acoustic enclosure</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">TMC Ametek</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">83-501</td>
			<td>Isolates the animal from acoustic and electrical noise</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Stereotaxic frame</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">David Kopf Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">1430</td>
			<td>Secures and positions the animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Temperature controller</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">ATC1000</td>
			<td>Controls the animal temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Bone drill</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">KaVo Dental</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">K5Plus</td>
			<td>Used to perform the craniectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:244px;">Aspirator</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Flaem</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Suction pro</td>
			<td>Used to perform the craniectomy</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for systematic electrochemical and electrophysiological evaluation of neural recording electrodes

新的材料和用于神经假体的设计通常被单独测试，与性能的示范，但不参考其他植入物的特性。这排除了一个合理的选择一个特定的植入体作为最适合于特定的应用程序，并基于该最重要的性能参数的新材料的开发。本文开发了一个协议，用于在体外和神经记录电极的体内试验。电化学和电生理检测推荐参数记录与讨论的关键步骤和潜在的问题。这种方法消除或减少存在于简单的活体测试范例，在电极/神经元的距离和动物模型之间的差异尤其是许多系统误差的影响。其结果是在体外和体内反应，如阻抗和Si的临界之间有很强的相关性GNAL噪比。这个协议可以很容易地适用于测试其它电极材料和设计。的体外技术可扩展到任何其他非破坏性方法来确定进一步重要的性能指标。用于在听觉通道的外科手术方法的原理也可以被修改为其它的神经区域或组织。

用于此实验的协议典型的电极阵列， 如图1所示。上有4柄与413μ 平方公尺名义几何面积和200μ米间距32铱电极。在阵列上的每个第二电极被涂覆有四种不同的电极涂层，标记为1-4 1。涂层材料都经过精心选择了他们的化学，机械和电化学性能。如前面10所提到的，增加沉积时间将增大电极面积和涂层厚度，而较大的施加电流或电势也可以增加沉积速率，可?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes at JoVE.com

A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes

对于系统电化学神经记录电极和电生理评价方法

不同电极涂层通过改变电化学，化学和机械性能影响神经的记录性能。 在体外电极比较是比较简单的，但是在体内响应的比较通常是并发的变化极/神经元的距离与动物之间。本文提供了一个可靠的方法来比较神经记录电极。

New materials and designs for neural implants are typically tested separately, with a demonstration of performance but without reference to other implant ...

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Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals

用于记录单机活动和Electrocorticographic信号的慢性神经电极植入手术

The success of long-term electrophysiological recordings often depends on the quality of the implantation surgery.  Here we provide useful information for ...

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Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

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记录神经反应和注射示踪剂一个清醒小鼠的制备

It is well known that anesthesia alters neural response properties in various regions of the brain.13.  In the auditory system, fundamental response ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

阈上的神经活动的单细胞和单穗的分辨率的光学的方法记录

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

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In vivo recordings from single neurons allow an investigator to examine the firing properties of neurons, for example in response to sensory stimuli. ...

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斑马鱼幼虫的前脑的电生理记录

Epilepsy affects nearly 3 million people in the United States and up to 50 million people worldwide. Defined as the occurrence of spontaneous unprovoked ...

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Simultaneous electrophysiological and fluorescent imaging recording methods were used to study the role of changes of membrane potential or current in ...

Electrophysiological Recording in the Brain of Intact Adult Zebrafish

在完整的成年斑马鱼大脑电生理记录

Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram ...

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Electrophysiological Recording From Drosophila Labellar Taste Sensilla

电生理记录从<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt; Labellar味感器

The peripheral taste response of insects can be powerfully investigated with electrophysiological techniques. The method described here allows the ...

Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity Combined with Microiontophoretic Application of Neuroactive Substances in Awake Mice

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Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and ...