Name: detection of the genome and transcripts of a persistent dna virus in neuronal tissues by fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunostaining
Uploaded: 2014-01-23T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining at JoV

Vi takker N. Sawtell (Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA), S. Efstathiou (University of Cambridge, UK) og James Hill (LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA) for at give prøver fra HSV-1 -inficerede mus og kaniner, henholdsvis og reagenser H. Masumoto (Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan) og S. Khochbin (Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, Frankrig) for nyttige diskussioner. Dette arbejde blev finansieret af tilskud fra Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (ATIP program til PL, http://www.cnrs.fr), den franske National Research Agency (ANR) (ANR-05-MIIM- 008-01, CENTROLAT, <a href="http://www.agencenationale-recherche.fr">http://www.agencenationale-recherche.fr</a> ), den FINOVI Foundation ( <a href="http://www.finovi.org/:fr:start">http://www.finovi.org/:fr:start</a> ), den LABEX DEVweCAN (ANR-10-LabX-61 ) af Université de Lyon, inden programmet &quot;Investissements d&#39;Avenir &quot;(ANR-11-IDEX-0007), der drives af ANR ( <a href="http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr">http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr</a> ), l&#39;Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC-7979 og ARC- 4910, <a href="http://www.arc-cancer.net">http://www.arc-cancer.net</a> ), la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC, <a href="http://www.ligue-cancer.net">http://www.ligue-cancer.net</a> ), og Inka (EPIPRO programmet <a href="http://www.e-cancer.fr">http://www.e -cancer.fr</a> ). FC og PL er CNRS forskere.

Denne metode blev anvendt i en undersøgelse offentliggjort tidligere 22. For generelle baggrund og beskrivelse af konventionel manipulation på ISH, IF og FISH, foreslår vi følgende tilgængelige litteratur 23. 1.. Animal Infektion Alle procedurer, der involverer forsøgsdyr var i overensstemmelse med etiske spørgsmål fra Foreningen for Forskning i Vision og Oftalmologi (ARVO) Redegørelse for anvendelse af dyr til forskning, og blev godk...

Den her beskrevne protokol tillader påvisning af HSV-1-latent genom i neuroner i mus neuronale vævssnit. Vores forståelse af de veje, der regulerer viral genekspression er blevet begrænset af manglen på metode til at påvise HSV-1-genomisk DNA in situ i neuronale væv. Oplysninger om genomkopi antallet og andelen af inficerede neuroner kom hovedsageligt fra PCR-analyse på dissocierede neuroner 11,12. At belyse den rolle, vært-cellekerner arkitektur på HSV-1-latens, satte vi at bestemme lokali...

<html> Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) er en vedvarende human neurotropisk virus, oprettelse af en langsigtet latent infektion i neuronerne i trigeminale ganglier (TG), i det perifere nervesystem, hvorfra det genaktiveres periodisk at replikere og sprede sig. HSV-1-genomet er et 150 kb dsDNA lokalisering i kernen af værten neuron, hvor den forbliver som multikopi chromatinized plasmider, som ikke integreret i værtscelle-genomet 1,2. Under latenstid, er HSV-1-replikation cyklus genetisk program stærkt undertrykt, og genekspression er begrænset til latens-associerede udskrift (LAT) locus, fra latency etablering initiering af reaktivering 3.. LAT producerer en lang 8,5 kb noncoding RNA forarbejdet til en større 2 kb stabil lasso, og flere miRNA 4-7. HSV-1-latens er således kendetegnet ved tilstedeværelsen af ​​det virale genomiske DNA, LAT RNA og ved fravær af påviselige replikative cyklus proteiner. NDHOLDET &quot;&gt; Dyremodeller, overvejende mus og kanin, er eksperimentelle modeller opridset flere funktioner af latens i menneskelig. En af de vigtigste interesser på disse modeller er, at de tillader at studere fysiologiske aspekter af HSV-1 latens i immunkompetente værter. Gennem de seneste årtier mange eksperimentelle værktøjer, såsom genetisk modificerede vira og mus, er blevet udviklet til at studere fysiologi, genetik og cellebiologi af HSV-1 latency fra dyrevæv. Indtil nu viralt genomisk DNA påvises og kvantificeres ved Southern blot og qPCR fra dissocieret TG&#39;er. Der er imidlertid ingen metode til at detektere HSV-1-genomet ved in situ hybridisering på vævssnit 8. Følgelig latenstid rutinemæssigt vurderes på histologiske snit gennem påvisning af LAT RNA ved RNA in situ hybridisering snarere end virale genom detektion. Fordi det har været umuligt at karakterisere inficerede celler baseret på tilstedeværelsen af ​​virale genomer, This tekniske begrænsninger har været en stor ulempe ved analyse af mange aspekter af vært-virus-interaktioner, såsom forholdet mellem det virale genom og cellulære og viral genekspression eller immunrespons 9,10 værtscelle-medieret. Vigtigst er det, at celle-til-celle heterogenitet af latent infektion er fortsat relativt uudforsket og har vist sig at være et centralt element i latens i mus og i humane sensoriske ganglion neuroner implanteret i SCID mus 11-17. Typisk blev det vist af qPCR, at HSV-1-genomet kopiantal per celle varierer fra 5 til flere hundrede. Selv LAT vises som en vigtig regulator af latens og reaktivering qPCR data vedrørende isolerede neuroner og i situ-PCR viste, at kun en delmængde af latent inficerede neuroner, så lavt som 30%, udtrykker LAT locus 11,12,18-21. Hvor værtscellen og cellulære miljø i vævet indvirkning på virus latency etablering ogviral genekspression stadig uklar. Her beskriver vi en robust fluorescerende in situ-hybridisering (FISH) fremgangsmåde til effektiv påvisning af lav-kopi HSV-1-genomisk DNA i animalske neuronale vævssnit. Denne metode er blevet udviklet og bruges af os til at få adgang til høj opløsning mikroskopi billeddannelse, der er nødvendig for at studere interaktion mellem det virale genom med værtscellesystemerne intra-nukleare komponenter 22. Derudover beskriver vi en multipel farvning fremgangsmåde til samtidig påvisning af det virale DNA med RNA og proteiner, som er et unikt værktøj til at beskrive virus-værts-interaktioner, der regulerer viral genekspression. Metoden kan også anvendes til en bred vifte af analyser, der kræver påvisning af HSV-1 latent genom, såsom kvantificere inficerede neuroner i mange sektioner. Et vigtigt skridt er at anvende antigengenfinding behandling for at det virale DNA tilgængelige til hybridisering. Således kan protokollen også være effektiv til påvisningandre dsDNA virus, som i øjeblikket ikke kan påvises ved konventionelle DNA-FISH fremgangsmåder i dyrevæv.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="822">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:203px;">Balb/c mice</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Janvier, France</td>
			<td style="width:93px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:337px;">6 week-old females</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;">HSV-1 strains</td>
			<td>SC16 strain (wild type)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:337px;">See Labetoule, M. et al. (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44: 217&#8211;225, for details on HSV-1 strain and virus stock preparation.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Ketamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>K2753</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:337px;">Intraperitoneal injection of a solution containing Ketamine (100mg/kg) and Xylazine (10mg/kg)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Xylazine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X1251</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;">Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Suspend 4g of PFA in 90mL of water. Add 50&#181;L of 1N NaOH, and heat at 60&#176;C in a water bath with agitation. PFA dissolves in about 30min. Add 10mL of 10X PBS. This solution can be prepared in advance and stored at -20 &#176;C in 5mL tubes. Caution. Manipulate under a fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Physiological Saline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td colspan="2">07982-100TAB-F</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">1X PBS, pH 7.4 (sterile)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>84100</td>
			<td>Prepare a 20% sucrose solution in 1X PBS.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Cryosectionning embedding medium - Tissue-Tek OCT Compound -</td>
			<td>SAKURA</td>
			<td>4583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">Large vector DNA purification kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>12462</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">To purify Cosmid or BAC vector containing HSV-1 genome and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Nick translation kit</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Sciences</td>
			<td>10 976 776 001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Cy3-dCTP</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>PA53021</td>
			<td>Protect from light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">0.5M EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E6758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">G50 Mini spin column</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>27-5330-01 </td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Salmon sperm DNA 10mg/mL</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15632-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Ethanol molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>87047</td>
			<td>Prepare a 70% solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Salmon sperm DNA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15632-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Formamid Molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F9037</td>
			<td>Caution. Manipulate under fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">HSV-1 biotinylated commercial probe </td>
			<td>Enzo Life Sciences</td>
			<td>ENZ-40838</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">ImmEdge hydrophobic pen</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">20X Saline Sodium Citrate (SSC)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S6639</td>
			<td>Prepare a 2X SSC solution in ddH20.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Prepare a 10% stock solution in water and store at +4&#176;C. Prepare the 0.5% solution in 1X PBS right before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="102">
			<td height="102" style="height:102px;">10mM sodium citrate pH 6.0</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S1804</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Prepare a 100mM stock solution (10X). Weigh 10,5g of citric acid (MW 210.14. Caution, irritant and toxic, wear appropriate mask and gloves), and dissolve in 400mL water. Adjust pH at 6.0 with 1N NaOH (caution, irritant, wear gloves). Adjust to 500mL with distilled water. Dilute 10 times in distilled water before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Acetic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>320099</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Methanol, molecular biology grade</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>322415</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Dextran sulfate - MW 500 000</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>EU0606-A</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Denhardt&#39;s solution (100X)</td>
			<td>Euromedex</td>
			<td>1020-A</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Rubber Cement &#34;FixoGum&#34;</td>
			<td>Marabut</td>
			<td>290110000</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">DNA purification kit - Qiaquick PCR purification kit -</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28104</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">T7 in vitro transcription kit</td>
			<td>Ambion / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AM1314</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Biotin-16-UTP</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Sciences</td>
			<td>11388908910</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">RNA purification mini-column</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>73404</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Ribonucleoside Vanadyl Complex</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>S1402S</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">H2O2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3410</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Prepare a 3% solution in distilled water. Store at +4 &#176;C and protect from light.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Yeast tRNA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15401011</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">prepare a 10mg/mL solution in RNAse free water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Normal Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PCN5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="68">
			<td height="68" style="height:68px;">Primary antibodies</td>
			<td>Any supplier</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:337px;">The following primary antibodies were used in the result section: anti-mouse CENP-A (rabbit mAb C51A7, Cell Signaling Technologies), and anti-ATRX H-300 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;">Secondary fluorescent antibodies</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:337px;">The fluorescent secondary antibodies routinely used in our protocol are AlexaFluor labeled goat antibodies (IgG H+L). The antibody used in the result section is an anti-rabbit goat antibody labaled with AlexaFluor 488 (reference A11001)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) kit - Streptavidin + AlexaFluor 350 (blue fluorescence)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>#T20937</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:337px;">TSA kits are also available from Perkin Elmer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) kit - Streptavidin + AlexaFluor 488 (green fluorescence)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>#T20932</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;">Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td>Invitrogen / Life Technologies</td>
			<td>H3570</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Prepare a 0.5&#181;g/mL solution in 1X PBS immediatly before use. Discard the remaining solution.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">22x50mm coverslip. n&#176;1.5 glass.</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72204-04</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;"> Mounting medium with anti-fading agent - Vectashield -</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td style="width:337px;">Another conventional product is Fluoromount G from electron microscopy Science</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Superfrost glass slides</td>
			<td>FisherScientific</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td style="width:337px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">EQUIPMENT</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;">Equipment / material</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Reference</td>
			<td>Note</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Needle for infection</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Glass micropipette hot drawn. Home made.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Dissection equipement</td>
			<td>Moria, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microsurgical scissors and forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Cole Palmer Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Easyload Masterflex</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Micro-syringe pump device (Nano Pump)</td>
			<td>kdScientific</td>
			<td>KDS310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica France</td>
			<td>CM 1510-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">-80 &#176;C freezer</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ultra Low -80&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Domestic microwave oven</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Dry block heater</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>022670204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Incubator Slide moat</td>
			<td>Boekel Scientific</td>
			<td>240000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Coplin Jar</td>
			<td>Dominique Dutscher</td>
			<td>68512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Staining glass container</td>
			<td>Dominique Dutscher</td>
			<td>68506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="136">
			<td height="136" style="height:136px;">Fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:337px;">The images presented in the result section were collected with a Zeiss AxioObserver with objective x40 LD NeoFluor N.A 0.6, and x100 PlanApochromat N.A 1.3. Filter set #38, #43 and #43. HXP 120 fluorescence light source. Photometrics CoolSNAP HQ2 CCD camera. Signal will be more easily observed on a recent high efficiency microscope such as Zeiss AxioImager/AxioObserver series, Nikon Ti-E/Ni-E series or Leica DM/DMI6000 series</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detection of the genome and transcripts of a persistent dna virus in neuronal tissues by fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunostaining

Enkelt celle codetection af et gen, dens RNA-produkt og cellulære regulatoriske proteiner er afgørende for at undersøge genekspression regulering. Dette er en udfordring inden for virologi, især for nuklear-replikerende vedvarende DNA-virus, der involverer dyremodeller for deres undersøgelse. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) indfører en livslang latent infektion i perifere neuroner. Latent virus tjener som reservoir, hvorfra det genaktiveres og inducerer en ny herpes episode. Cellebiologi af HSV-1 latency stadig dårligt forstået, delvis på grund af mangel på metoder til påvisning af HSV-1-genomer in situ i dyremodeller. Vi beskriver en DNA-fluorescerende in situ hybridisering (FISH) metode effektivt at detektere lav kopi virusgenomer inden sektioner af neuronale væv fra inficerede dyremodeller. Metoden bygger på varme-baserede antigen demaskering, og direkte mærkede hjemmelavede DNA-prober eller kommercielt tilgængelige prober. Vi udviklede en tredobbelt staining tilgang, der kombinerer DNA-FISH med RNA-FISH og immunfluorescens, ved hjælp af peroxidase baseret signal forstærkning til at rumme hver farvning krav. En vigtig forbedring er evnen til at opnå inden for 10 um vævssnit, lav baggrund signaler, der kan afbildes ved høj opløsning ved konfokal mikroskopi og bredt synsfelt konventionel epifluorescens. Derudover tredobbelt farvning arbejdede med en bred vifte af antistoffer rettet mod cellulære og virale proteiner. Den fuldstændige protokol tager 2,5 dage til at rumme antistof og probe penetration i vævet.

Efter flere måneders omfattende testning, opdagede vi, at varme-baserede kemiske demaskering gjort latent HSV-1-genomet rådighed til fluorescerende in situ-hybridisering. Under processen, vi forsøgte forskellige afsløring procedurer, og kun varme-baserede behandlinger (dvs. opvarmning afsnittene op til sub-kogepunktet i en mikrobølgeovn) syntes effektiv. Vi derefter testet flere saltbuffere, der rutinemæssigt anvendes i immunhistokemi (IHC) og elektronmikroskopi til at hente epitoper 31,32,<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining at JoV

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Vi har etableret en fluorescerende in situ hybridisering protokol til påvisning af en vedvarende DNA-virus genom inden vævssnit af dyremodeller. Denne protokol gør det muligt at studere infektion ved at codetection af det virale genom, dets RNA-produkterne, og virale eller cellulære proteiner i enkeltceller.

Påvisning af genom og Udskrifter af en Vedvarende DNA-virus i neuronvæv af Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Kombineret med Immunfarvning

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Here we describe a modified version of a double fluorescence in situ hybridization (dFISH) method optimized for detecting two mRNAs of interest in fresh ...

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

Hurtig Mikro-iontophoresis af glutamat og GABA: et nyttigt redskab til Undersøge Synaptic Integration

One of the fundamental interests in neuroscience is to understand the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs along the very complex structure of ...

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

Inducerende plasticitet astrocytisk receptorer ved manipulation af neuronfyring priser

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be ...

Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction

Intracerebroventrikulær Viral Injektion af Neonatal Mouse Hjerne for Vedvarende og Udbredt Neuronal transduktion

With the pace of scientific advancement accelerating rapidly, new methods are needed for experimental neuroscience to quickly and easily manipulate gene ...

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Påvisning af Axonally Lokaliseret mRNA i Brain Sektioner Brug High-Resolution<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hybridisering

mRNAs are frequently localized to vertebrate axons and their local translation is required for axon pathfinding or branching during development and for ...

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis

Udnytte Kombineret Metoder til Definer rolle plasmamembranen Delivery Under Axon Forgrening og neuronal Morfogenese

During neural development, growing axons extend to multiple synaptic partners by elaborating axonal branches. Axon branching is promoted by extracellular ...

Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity Combined with Microiontophoretic Application of Neuroactive Substances in Awake Mice

Ekstracellulær Registrering af neuronal aktivitet Kombineret med Microiontophoretic Anvendelse af Neuroaktive stoffer i Awake mus

Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and ...

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Kombination Dobbelt Fluorescens<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hybridisering med immunomærkning for Påvisning af ekspression af tre gener i musehjerne Sektioner

Detection of gene expression in different types of brain cells e.g., neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors and microglia, can ...

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identifikation af dopamin D1-Alpha Receptor inden for gnavere kernen Accumbens af en innovativ RNA In Situ opdagelse teknologi

In the central nervous system, the D1-alpha subtype receptor (Drd1&#945;) is the most abundant dopamine (DA) receptor, which plays a vital role in ...

Combining Multiplex Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry on Fresh Frozen or Fixed Mouse Brain Sections

Combining Multiplex Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry on Fresh Frozen or Fixed Mouse Brain Sections

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique that identifies the presence and spatial distribution of specific RNA transcripts within ...