Name: dynamic visual tests to identify and quantify visual damage and repair following demyelination in optic neuritis patients
Uploaded: 2014-04-14T17:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients at JoVE.com

这项工作是由该撒利亚爱德蒙和本杰明·罗斯柴尔德基金会的支持。

该协议遵循人类受试者的研究哈达萨希伯来大学伦理委员会的指导方针。为了避免近视或屈光不正对测试结果的影响，该协议应在患者佩戴的眼镜（矫正视力）来执行。 对象从运动（OFM）协议： 1，测试启动和指导主题<ol><li>座椅被摄体50厘米的电脑屏幕前。 </li><li>打开OFM软件。 </li><li>指示，他将看到定义的运动物体的主题。指示他回应是正确的，尽可?...

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视神经炎是视神经的脱髓鞘病变，引起急性视力丧失。虽然使用标准的可视化测试1时，认为是瞬态的病人继续认为在执行日常视觉任务的困难。我们认为，动态视力测试是足够的识别和量化这些持续的赤字。这是因为动态而不是静态的视觉功能依赖于投射率，并按照脱髓鞘可能更容易受到延迟的投影。 该OFM协议为了确定如何动态的视觉功能缺损反?...

视神经炎的一种模式跟踪组织变性和修复多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统（CNS）的一种慢性炎症性神经退行性疾病，是青壮年发达国家非创伤性神经功能障碍的主要原因。脱髓鞘被认为是MS的最有特点的组织病理学特征。最近的研究，但是，发现MS也是一种神经退行性疾病的早期neuroaxonal损伤1-3。 视神经炎（ON），视神经炎症，是呈现症状的MS患者的20％，而其寿命4中从MS经历痛苦开的至少一个情节中的至少50％。不像MS病变并不总是相关的临床表现，脱髓鞘性视神经发作的其他位置通常会导致急性视力丧失鲜明的体现。 Ğ尔文及其合并症与MS和其突出的临床特征，对提供跟踪组织变性和修复及其后果在一个单一的MS病灶的独特机会。 需要改进的方法用于跟踪组织变性和修复体内 在MS的病理研究牵连脱髓鞘轴突作为横断和随后的轴索变性的主要原因。髓鞘可能会阻止脱髓鞘轴突沦为;然而，有效的髓鞘再生可能是有限的反复发作的结果。因此，在MS的当前和进化神经保护和再生治疗策略的目的是防止新的攻击，并在中枢神经系统5促进髓鞘再生过程。 为了跟进视神经炎患者及评估其治疗的效果，精细的工具来量化在中枢神经系统改变髓鞘形成是必需的。然而，支架ARD的测量，包括常规视力测试和MRI扫描，不是为这个目的不够敏感。常规视力测试（ 即 ，视敏度，对比敏感度，视野，以及色知觉）可以揭示沿视觉通路降低输入投影案件但不敏感，以确定延迟的投射率，这是脱髓鞘的纤维6,7的作用。 T2高信号病变，这是该疾病的标志，从水肿，炎症，脱髓鞘，轴突丧失和神经胶质增生的剩余混合物产生，因此可以脱髓鞘和其他脑病理学之间没有区分。此外，标准MRI旨在揭示质组织的对比。虽然这些是足够用于识别异常组织的位置，它们都不足以定量评估组织特性。 动态视力测试可作为脱髓鞘和髓鞘再生的标志物我们认为那动感的视觉功能是比静态函数来确定和量化改变投影潜伏期沿视觉通路更合适。而静态和动态视觉功能成就需要视觉输入投影的足够量的，只有动态视觉功能取决于投射率。因此视神经脱髓鞘改变可能会影响动态的而不是静态的视觉功能，提示需要对视觉输入的快速传输才能感知运动。 我们已经开发了两种行为的任务，评估与预测延迟沿视觉通路可能密切关联单眼和双眼视觉功能。这些对象包括来自运动（OFM）的提取和时间限制的立体声协议。 在OFM试验，点阵列组成一个对象时，通过移动的点的图像向右内移动时在点外的图像向左移动，或反之亦然。点PAttern生成不能被检测时的点是静止的还是移动的整体伪装的目的。重要的是，物体识别依赖于运动知觉。使用OFM协议，我们已经表现出了持续的赤字，对患者的患眼，甚至明显的12个月内的视神经炎发作，而标准的视觉功能已恢复8。此外，受损的性能与延迟conductions相关（延迟P100，反映脱髓鞘），并改善运动知觉呈正相关的传导速率（反映髓鞘再生的缩短;线性最小二乘回归与相关系数的F计算= 27.3，P = 0.0005; R = -0.87）9。 在目前提出的OFM协议是为了适应测试用于临床使用，包括测试的缩短，调整测试软件导致自动输出文件，以产生一个更新的运动灵敏度性得分。 为了评估预测延迟的双目视觉效果，在时间有限​​的立体声协议的开发。在这个协议中，空间上不同的图像，提出了在有限的时间长度，具有挑战性的时刻双目集成。该测试的目的是测试，由于脱髓鞘在从两只眼睛受影响的神经，信息将在不同的时间点在时间削弱双目积分到达皮质的假说。测试组恢复对患者（1-2.5岁以下的攻击），我们已经表明，虽然大多数患者曾在一个标准的静态立体声任务完好的性能水平;在时间受限的立体声任务性能在大多数情况下10受损。 该OFM和时间约束的立体声协议提供了一个简单但功能强大的方法来识别和量化脱髓鞘和髓鞘再生沿视觉通路的过程。这些协议马y为有效的诊断和跟进和MS患者具有成本效益的方式利用一个易于使用的基于计算机的协议。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="638">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="167">
			<td dir="LTR" height="167" style="height:167px;width:231px;">Personal computer, including laptops</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:171px;">The OFM software runs best on Mac or on Windows 7 (or higher) PC. The Stereo software runs on every personal computer.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Monitor&#160; specification</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:171px;">Size: at least 15inch,&#160; Color: at least 16 bit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="109">
			<td height="109" style="height:109px;width:231px;">The OFM and the Stereo softwares</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:117px;">These are self-developed softwares</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:171px;">Researchers &#38; physicians who are interested in these softwares may contact us at: fmri-hadassah.org</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="209">
			<td dir="LTR" height="209" style="height:209px;width:231px;">Red/Cyan 3D glasses (We had tested the Stereo software on the two following 3D glasses):</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Nvidia &#38; American Paper Optics</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">3D Vision Ultimate Anaglyph 3D Glasses &#38; Pro X Style Red/Cyan 3D Glasses for Movies and Games on Flat Screens&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td dir="LTR" height="63" style="height:63px;width:231px;">Performance on our stereo task was compared to performance on the standard Randot stereo test</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:117px;">Stereo Optical Co.</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:119px;">Randot SO-002&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dynamic visual tests to identify and quantify visual damage and repair following demyelination in optic neuritis patients

为了遵循视神经炎患者及评估其治疗效果，一个方便，准确，量化的工具是必需的，以评估在中枢神经系统（CNS）的变化在髓鞘形成。然而，标准的测量，包括常规视力测试和MRI扫描，不是为这个目的不够敏感。我们提出两个视力测试解决可能密切髓鞘形成沿视觉通路的程度相关联的动态单眼和双眼的功能。这些对象包括来自运动（OFM）的提取和时间限制的立体声协议。在OFM试验，点阵列组成一个对象时，通过移动的点的图像向右内移动时在点外的图像向左移动，或反之亦然。点阵图形生成不能被检测时的点是静止的还是移动的整体伪装的目的。重要的是，物体识别严重依赖于运动知觉。在时间限制的立体声协议，在空间上不同的图像，提出了在有限的时间长度，具有挑战性的双眼在时间的三维整合。这两项测试适合于临床应用，并提供了一​​个简单但功能强大的方法来识别和量化脱髓鞘和髓鞘再生沿视觉通路的过程。这些协议可能是有效的诊断和后续视神经炎与多发性硬化症患者。 在诊断过程中，这些协议可能表明，不能通过目前的标准视觉测量确定的视觉缺陷。此外，这些协议灵敏地确定下列视力恢复的患者目前原因不明续视觉申诉的基础。在纵向随访过程中，协议可以被用来作为脱髓鞘和remyelinating流程沿着时间的敏感标记物。这些协议可能因此被用来评估当前及未来的治疗性S的功效trategies，针对中枢神经系统髓鞘化。

OFM协议该协议将导致在一个文本文件，自动汇总科目的回应。结果可以用两种方法进行分析： 总得分：呈现每个刺激被分配有一个刺激的重量，并且所有已鉴定的刺激权重的总和被设置为被检者的响应得分。特定刺激的重量是基于刺激的速度设置，具有较高的权重，以较低的速度。身份不明的刺激被分配一个权重为零。通常，令N是不同的速度V 1，V 2，...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients at JoVE.com

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

动态视觉测试，以确定和量化视觉损伤与修复继脱髓鞘视神经炎患者

对象从运动（OFM）和时间限制的立体声协议是敏感的工具，以确定单眼和双眼动态视觉功能缺损，这是唯一受影响的视神经炎患者。此外，这些测试可以用作定量的非侵入性工具，以评估髓鞘形成沿视觉通路的程度。

In order to follow optic neuritis patients and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment, a handy, accurate and quantifiable tool is required to ...

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Dissection of Human Vitreous Body Elements for Proteomic Analysis

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Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily ...

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

基于音频的虚拟游戏环境的发展，以帮助盲人的导航技巧

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio ...

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

视网膜胶质细胞活化的体内动力学在神经退行性疾病：共聚焦成像眼底及细胞形态计量小鼠青光眼

Microglia, which are CNS-resident neuroimmune cells, transform their morphology and size in response to CNS damage, switching to an activated state with ...

The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION)

The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy rNAION

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变的啮齿动物模型（rNAION）

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a focal ischemic lesion of the optic nerve that affects 1/700 individuals throughout their ...

A Simple Mechanical Procedure to Create Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Mouse

一个简单的机械过程来创建在小鼠角膜缘干细胞缺乏症

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a state of malfunction or loss of limbal epithelial stem cells, after which the corneal epithelium is replaced with ...

Bioluminescence and Near-infrared Imaging of Optic Neuritis and Brain Inflammation in the EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice

多发性硬化症的小鼠模型EAE视神经炎及脑部炎症的生物发光和近红外成像

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J mice is a model for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Clinical EAE scores describing ...

Smartphone Fundus Photography

智能手机眼底摄影

Smartphone fundus photography is a simple technique to obtain ocular fundus pictures using a smartphone camera and a conventional handheld indirect ...

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of retinopathy. The OCT machine can capture retinal crosssectional images ...