Name: implementation of a reference interferometer for nanodetection
Uploaded: 2014-04-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection at JoVE.com

作者要感谢玄都构建图1的概念图。这项工作是由来自加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会（NSERC）资助。

1，参考干涉建设和FSR测量<ol><li>施工<ol><li>创建敞篷压克力盒子。这个结构应该足够大，以紧贴成×16 16英寸x 16英寸聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料箱。 </li><li>制作一个3级搁架单元来容纳光学元件，这将坐在敞篷的压克力盒，并将由热绝缘发泡胶箱被完全封闭。两条高架孔的泡沫塑料箱必须存在，以允许纤维进入和退出整个机箱。 </li><li>在第三阶段：一个输出光纤从3分贝方向耦合器应钳位到一个偏...

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	<li>Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+microcavities.">Optical microcavities.</a> Nature. 424 (6950), 839-846 (2003).</li><li>Lu, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+sensitivity+nanoparticle+detection+using+optical+microcavities.">High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities.</a> PNAS. 108 (15), 5976-5979 (2011).</li><li>Vollmer, F., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whispering-gallery-mode+biosensing:+label-free+detection+down+to+single+molecules.">Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: label-free detection down to single molecules.</a> Nat. Methods. 5 (7), 591-596 (2008).</li><li>Vollmer, F., Braun, D., Libchaber, A., Khoshsima, M., Teraoka, I., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (21), 4057-4059 (2002).</li><li>Sun, Y., Fan, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+ring+resonators+for+biochemical+and+chemical+sensing.">Optical ring resonators for biochemical and chemical sensing.</a> Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 399 (1), 205-211 (2011).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Nishida, Y., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+nanoparticle+detection+using+a+portable+whispering+gallery+mode+biosensor+driven+by+a+periodically+poled+lithium-niobate+frequency+doubled+distributed+feedback+laser.">Ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (10), 103-110 (2010).</li><li>Santiago-Cordoba, M. A., Boriskina, S. V., Vollmer, F., Demirel, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle-based+protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Nanoparticle-based protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (7), 073701 (2011).</li><li>Swaim, J. D., Knittel, J., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+limits+in+whispering+gallery+biosensors+with+plasmonic+enhancement.">Detection limits in whispering gallery biosensors with plasmonic enhancement.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (24), 243109 (2011).</li><li>Gorodetsky, M. L., Pryamikov, A. D., Ilchenko, V. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rayleigh+scattering+in+high-Q+microspheres.">Rayleigh scattering in high-Q microspheres.</a> J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 17 (6), 1051-1057 (2000).</li><li>Lu, T., Su, J., Fraser, S., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Split+frequency+sensing+methods+and+systems.">Split frequency sensing methods and systems.</a> Patent granted on. , (2013).</li><li>Zhu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-chip+single+nanoparticle+detection+and+sizing+by+mode+splitting+in+an+ultrahigh-Q+microresonator.">On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator.</a> Nat. Photonics. 4 (1), 46-49 (2010).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Nishida, Y., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+nanoparticle+using+a+portable+whispering+gallery+mode+biosensor+driven+by+a+periodically+poled+lithium-niobate+frequency+doubled+distributed+feedback+laser.">Ultrasensitive nanoparticle using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (10), (2010).</li><li>Cai, M., Painter, O., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observation+of+critical+coupling+in+a+fiber+taper+to+a+silica-microsphere+whispering-gallery+mode+system.">Observation of critical coupling in a fiber taper to a silica-microsphere whispering-gallery mode system.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (1), 74-77 (2000).</li><li>Li, J., Lee, H., Yang, K. Y., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sideband+spectroscopy+and+dispersion+measurement+in+microcavities.">Sideband spectroscopy and dispersion measurement in microcavities.</a> Opt. Express. 20 (24), 26337-26344 (2012).</li><li>Chow, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+coupling+control+of+a+microresonator+by+laser+amplitude+modulation.">Critical coupling control of a microresonator by laser amplitude modulation.</a> Opt Express. 20 (11), 12622-12630 (2012).</li><li>Swaim, J. D., Knittel, J., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+nanoparticles+with+a+frequency+locked+whispering+gallery+mode+microresonator.">Detection of nanoparticles with a frequency locked whispering gallery mode microresonator.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (18), (2013).</li><li>Knittel, J., Chow, J. H., Gray, M. B., Taylor, M. A., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+real-time+measurement+of+dissipation+and+dispersion+in+a+whispering-gallery+mode+microresonator.">Ultrasensitive real-time measurement of dissipation and dispersion in a whispering-gallery mode microresonator.</a> Opt. Lett. 38 (11), 1915-1917 (2013).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Holler, S., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmonic+enhancement+of+a+whispering-gallery-mode+biosensor+for+single+nanoparticle+detection.">Plasmonic enhancement of a whispering-gallery-mode biosensor for single nanoparticle detection.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (24), (2011).</li><li>Santiago-Cordoba, M. A., Boriskina, S. V., Vollmer, F., Demirel, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle-based+protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Nanoparticle-based protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (7), (2011).</li></ol>

这个电流设置可探测多种W​​GM微腔，如微盘，微球，并microtoroids的，而不需要对探头激光源的任何反馈控制。相当的信号 - 噪声比（SNR），用于检测可由于由路径长度和粒子诱发反向散射效应提供的步骤移的增强而得到。给出的简单性和参考干涉仪本身的成本低，该方法是一种有效的技术，用于研究或开发WGM腔的特性。 另外，电源循环中的微腔可以进?...

研究兴趣已经对使用回音壁模式（WGM）微腔的nanodetection和生物传感1-8的目的显著上升。这涉及到超高品质因数（Q），光学腔是精通识别微小生物颗粒，下至单一蛋白质水平2。也就是说，监测在谐振和分裂的频率偏移进行传输具有非凡的灵敏度9-11可通过光能的空腔的封闭的小模体积内被激活。在谐振器的光学特性的变化是这些变化的原因，这反过来从离散的分子或纳米粒子的结合起源。三维WGM结构为这样的应用程序的一个不太复杂的例子是二氧化硅微球，其可以通过简单地烧蚀拉制光纤用CO 2激光器被制造为具有接近原子级平滑表面上。如已知的，高Q值的10 9的顺序可以达到1。 微腔的谐振频率通常通过扫描一个可调谐激光源的光频率的同时，光检测被捕获在示波器上的光传输监测。这种方法的一个固有缺陷是，在所产生的波动由激光波长和激光抖动传输液滴的位置相关联的不确定性。为了克服这种并发症，干涉仪可用于沿着一个微腔以产生参考信号，以抵消所述激光的抖动，并增加观察到的灵敏度2。光输入被分成两个光路：参考光束穿过干涉仪（具有一个自由光谱范围FSR或足够大，以防止激光从测量时的颤动过去1 FSR频率间隔），检测光束INTeracts与WGM微谐振器。这个特征简化了实验相比，更高级的配置，如WGM传感将会导致一个分布式反馈激光器（DFB）的周期性极化铌酸锂（PPLN），倍增器12的组合的。在本出版物中，对纳米尺度的问题超高品质因子微腔的监测干涉技术进行说明3。所需完成此操作的设置和数据采集程序进行了概述，说明如何腔品质因数可以通过参考干涉来确定。

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implementation of a reference interferometer for nanodetection

阿热和机械稳定的光纤干涉仪适合于研究超高品质因子微腔的塑造。评估其自由光谱范围（FSR）之后，该模块被放置在平行于纤维锥形微腔系统，然后通过在激光频率（ 即激光抖动噪声）分离并消除随机偏移校准。以实现锥形微腔的交界处，以最大限度地提高被转移到所述谐振器的光功率，单模光纤波导被拉动。然后，制备并流入到微腔，以便证明该系统的感知结合到微腔的表面上的能力含有聚苯乙烯纳米珠的解决方案。数据是通过自适应曲线拟合，其允许的品质因数高分辨率的测量，以及随时间变化的参数，如谐振波长和分裂的频率偏移绘图后处理。通过仔细检查中的时域响应的步骤，并在频域响应换档，该仪器可以量化的离散结合事件。

以下协议后，痕迹可以编译和安装。 图3a所示为在视频中，为此，频率分裂是在一个中等的DPBS观察提出了微球的典型共振结构。甲最小二乘拟合到双洛伦兹函数指示左和右谐振骤降的品质因数分别为2.1×10 8和在含水环境中3.8×10 8。的半峰全宽的光频率由空腔光谱与图3b中的干涉信号，这将产生，当激光波长蓝移，得到的共振光谱的高分辨率测...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection at JoVE.com

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

参考干涉仪技术，其目的是去除不良的激光抖动噪声nanodetection，被用于探测超高品质因子微腔。提供的指示进行组装，安装和数据采集，沿着指定的腔品质因数的测量过程。

一个参考干涉仪的Nanodetection实施

A thermally and mechanically stabilized fiber interferometer suited for examining ultra-high quality factor microcavities is fashioned. After assessing ...

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Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

单氮化镓纳米线设备分析接触界面

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

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Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

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A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with ...

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The bipolar plate is a key component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is a multi-functional ...

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