Name: implementation of a reference interferometer for nanodetection
Uploaded: 2014-04-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne takke Xuan Du til at konstruere den konceptuelle diagram i figur 1.. Dette arbejde blev finansieret af tilskud fra Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) i Canada.

1.. Reference Interferometer Byggeri og FSR Måling <ol><li> Byggeri <ol><li> Opret en åben-top akryl boks. Denne struktur skal være stort nok til at passe stramt ind i en 16 cm x 16 cm x 16 i Styrofoam boks. </li><li> Fabrikere en 3-trins reol til at huse optiske komponenter, der vil sidde i open top akryl boks, og vil være fuldstændig lukket med Styrofoam boks til termisk isolation. To forhøjede huller på Styrofoam kasse skal være til stede for at tillade fibre at komme ind og ud af hele kabinettet. </li><li>...

<ol>
	<li>Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+microcavities.">Optical microcavities.</a> Nature. 424 (6950), 839-846 (2003).</li><li>Lu, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+sensitivity+nanoparticle+detection+using+optical+microcavities.">High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities.</a> PNAS. 108 (15), 5976-5979 (2011).</li><li>Vollmer, F., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whispering-gallery-mode+biosensing:+label-free+detection+down+to+single+molecules.">Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: label-free detection down to single molecules.</a> Nat. Methods. 5 (7), 591-596 (2008).</li><li>Vollmer, F., Braun, D., Libchaber, A., Khoshsima, M., Teraoka, I., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (21), 4057-4059 (2002).</li><li>Sun, Y., Fan, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+ring+resonators+for+biochemical+and+chemical+sensing.">Optical ring resonators for biochemical and chemical sensing.</a> Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 399 (1), 205-211 (2011).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Nishida, Y., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+nanoparticle+detection+using+a+portable+whispering+gallery+mode+biosensor+driven+by+a+periodically+poled+lithium-niobate+frequency+doubled+distributed+feedback+laser.">Ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (10), 103-110 (2010).</li><li>Santiago-Cordoba, M. A., Boriskina, S. V., Vollmer, F., Demirel, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle-based+protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Nanoparticle-based protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (7), 073701 (2011).</li><li>Swaim, J. D., Knittel, J., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+limits+in+whispering+gallery+biosensors+with+plasmonic+enhancement.">Detection limits in whispering gallery biosensors with plasmonic enhancement.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (24), 243109 (2011).</li><li>Gorodetsky, M. L., Pryamikov, A. D., Ilchenko, V. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rayleigh+scattering+in+high-Q+microspheres.">Rayleigh scattering in high-Q microspheres.</a> J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 17 (6), 1051-1057 (2000).</li><li>Lu, T., Su, J., Fraser, S., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Split+frequency+sensing+methods+and+systems.">Split frequency sensing methods and systems.</a> Patent granted on. , (2013).</li><li>Zhu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-chip+single+nanoparticle+detection+and+sizing+by+mode+splitting+in+an+ultrahigh-Q+microresonator.">On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator.</a> Nat. Photonics. 4 (1), 46-49 (2010).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Nishida, Y., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+nanoparticle+using+a+portable+whispering+gallery+mode+biosensor+driven+by+a+periodically+poled+lithium-niobate+frequency+doubled+distributed+feedback+laser.">Ultrasensitive nanoparticle using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 (10), (2010).</li><li>Cai, M., Painter, O., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observation+of+critical+coupling+in+a+fiber+taper+to+a+silica-microsphere+whispering-gallery+mode+system.">Observation of critical coupling in a fiber taper to a silica-microsphere whispering-gallery mode system.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (1), 74-77 (2000).</li><li>Li, J., Lee, H., Yang, K. Y., Vahala, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sideband+spectroscopy+and+dispersion+measurement+in+microcavities.">Sideband spectroscopy and dispersion measurement in microcavities.</a> Opt. Express. 20 (24), 26337-26344 (2012).</li><li>Chow, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+coupling+control+of+a+microresonator+by+laser+amplitude+modulation.">Critical coupling control of a microresonator by laser amplitude modulation.</a> Opt Express. 20 (11), 12622-12630 (2012).</li><li>Swaim, J. D., Knittel, J., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+nanoparticles+with+a+frequency+locked+whispering+gallery+mode+microresonator.">Detection of nanoparticles with a frequency locked whispering gallery mode microresonator.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (18), (2013).</li><li>Knittel, J., Chow, J. H., Gray, M. B., Taylor, M. A., Bowen, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+real-time+measurement+of+dissipation+and+dispersion+in+a+whispering-gallery+mode+microresonator.">Ultrasensitive real-time measurement of dissipation and dispersion in a whispering-gallery mode microresonator.</a> Opt. Lett. 38 (11), 1915-1917 (2013).</li><li>Shopova, S. I., Rajmangal, R., Holler, S., Arnold, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmonic+enhancement+of+a+whispering-gallery-mode+biosensor+for+single+nanoparticle+detection.">Plasmonic enhancement of a whispering-gallery-mode biosensor for single nanoparticle detection.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (24), (2011).</li><li>Santiago-Cordoba, M. A., Boriskina, S. V., Vollmer, F., Demirel, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoparticle-based+protein+detection+by+optical+shift+of+a+resonant+microcavity.">Nanoparticle-based protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 (7), (2011).</li></ol>

Denne aktuelle opsætning er i stand til sondering en række WGM mikrokaviteter, såsom disketter, mikrosfærer og microtoroids, uden at kræve nogen feedback kontrol for sondelaseren kilden. En betydelig signal-til-støj-forhold (SNR) for detektion kan opnås på grund af de trin shift forbedringer leveret af vejlængde og partikel-induceret returspredningskurver virkninger. I betragtning af den enkelhed og lave omkostninger af henvisningen interferometer selv, denne metode er en effektiv teknik til at studere eller ud...

Forskning rente er steget markant på brugen af hviske-galleri-funktion (WGM) mikrokaviteter henblik på nanodetection og biosensorer 1-8. Dette indebærer ultra-høj kvalitet (Q) optiske hulrum, der er dygtige i at identificere minimal biologiske partikler ned til en enkelt protein-niveau 2. Det er, overvågning skift i resonans og split frekvens for transmission med ekstraordinær følsomhed 9-11 kan aktiveres ved hulrummet s indespærring af lysenergi inden for en lille tilstand volumen. Variationer i de optiske egenskaber af en resonator er årsag til disse skift, hvilket stammer fra binding af diskrete molekyler eller nanopartikler. En mindre sofistikeret eksempel på et tredimensionalt WGM struktur til sådanne anvendelser er en silica mikrosfære, som kan fremstilles med en næsten atomically glat overflade ved blot ablation trukket optisk fiber ved hjælp af en CO 2-laser. Som det er kendt,høje Q-faktorer på størrelsesordenen 10 9 kan opnås 1.. Resonansfrekvensen for en microcavity konventionelt overvåges ved at scanne den optiske frekvens af en afstemmelig laserkilde samtidig tilgængeligt-detektering af optisk transmission, der er fanget på et oscilloskop. En iboende ulempe ved denne teknik er den usikkerhed, der er forbundet med placeringen af ​​dråber i transmissionen, der opstår fra svingende laser bølgelængde eller laser jitter. For at overvinde denne komplikation kan et interferometer anvendes sammen med en microcavity at frembringe et referencesignal til at annullere laser jitter og øge den observerede følsomhed 2. Lysinput er opdelt i to optiske veje: referencestrålen, der passerer gennem interferometeret (med en fri spektralområde eller stor nok til at forhindre laseren fra uroligt forbi en FSR frekvensafstand under målingen FSR) og påvisning stråle, interacts med WGM microresonator. Denne funktion strømliner eksperimenter i forhold til mere avancerede konfigurationer, såsom det WGM sensing medfører kombinationen af en distribueret feedback-laser (DFB) og periodisk polet lithiumniobat (PPLN) dobler 12.. I denne publikation er et interferometer teknik til ultra-høj kvalitet faktor microcavity overvågning af nanoskala beskrevne sag 3. Opsætningen og dataopsamling procedurer, der er nødvendige for at opnå dette er skitseret, illustrerer, hvordan hulrum kvalitetsfaktor kan bestemmes ved henvisning interferometri.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="645">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Polystyrene&#160; Microspheres</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">PolyScience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Piezoelectric Nanopositioner System</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Precision Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-611.3S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Balanced Photodetector</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PDB120A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Photo Detector</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1801-FC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2 x 3-dB Fiber Optical Directional Coupler</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FC632-50B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">10-dB Fiber Optical Directional Coupler</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FC632-90B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2 x Drop In Polarization Controller</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">General Photonics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PLC-003-S-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Function Generator</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hewlett Packard</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">33120A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fusion Splicer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Ericsson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FSU-925</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">High-Speed Oscilloscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DS09404A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2 x Motorized Translation Stage with Controller</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MTS25-Z8E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Single Mode Optical Fiber, 600-800 nm, &#216;125 &#956;m Cladding</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SM600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Real-Time Electrical Spectrum Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Tektronix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RSA3408B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Optical Spectrum Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">70951A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">632.5 &#8211; 637 nm Tunable Laser</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">New Focus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TLB-6304</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Filtration Pump</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">KNF labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ultrasonics Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Crest Ultrasonics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Powersonic 1100D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mini Vortexer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VM-3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Microfuge 22R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

implementation of a reference interferometer for nanodetection

En termisk og mekanisk stabiliseret fiber interferometer velegnet til at undersøge ultra-høj kvalitet factor mikrokaviteter er gammeldags. Efter at have vurderet dets frie spektrale område (FSR), modulet sættes parallelt med en fiber taper-microcavity system og derefter kalibreret gennem isolere og fjerne tilfældige forskydninger i laser frekvens (dvs. laser jitter støj). At realisere taper-microcavity krydset og for at maksimere den optiske effekt, der overføres til resonator, er en single-mode optisk fiber bølgeleder trukket. Opløsninger, der indeholder polystyren nanobeads derefter forberedt og fløjet til microcavity for at demonstrere systemets evne til at fornemme binding til overfladen af ​​microcavity. Data efterbehandlet via adaptive kurve fitting, som giver mulighed for målinger i høj opløsning af kvalitet faktor samt plotning af tidsafhængige parametre såsom resonant bølgelængde og split frekvens skift. Ved omhyggeligtinspektion trin i tidsdomænet respons og flytte i frekvens-domæne svar, kan dette instrument kvantificere diskrete bindende begivenheder.

Efter at have fulgt protokollen, kan sporene kompileres og monteret. 3a viser den typiske resonans struktur mikrokuglen som præsenteret i videoen, som er observeret frekvens opdeling i en DPBS medium. En mindste kvadraters til dobbelt-Lorentzian funktion viser, at kvaliteten faktor venstre og højre resonans dips er henholdsvis 2,1 x 10 8 og 3,8 x 10 8 i et vandigt miljø. De optiske frekvenser FWHM opnås ved at sammenligne hulrummet frekvenser med interferometeret signal i <stro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection at JoVE.com

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

En reference interferometer teknik, som er designet til at fjerne uønsket laser jitter støj for nanodetection, er udnyttet til sondering et ultrahøjt kvalitetsfaktor microcavity. Instruktioner for montering, opsætning og dataopsamling er forudsat, sammen med målingen proces til angivelse af hulrum kvalitet faktor.

Implementering af en reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

A thermally and mechanically stabilized fiber interferometer suited for examining ultra-high quality factor microcavities is fashioned. After assessing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

Analyse af kontaktflader til enlige GaN Nanotråd Devices

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Fremstilling og anvendelse af fotokatalytisk Active Segmenteret Ag | ZnO og koaksial TiO<sub&gt; 2.</sub&gt;-AG nanotråde lavet af standardudformet Elektroforesecoating

Photocatalytically active nanostructures require a large specific surface area with the presence of many catalytically active sites for the oxidation and ...

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Kortlægning af Individuelle Nanopartikler

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides accurate elemental analysis with high spatial ...

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Detektion og Inddrivelse af Palladium, Guld og kobolt Metaller fra Urban Mine Brug Nye sensorer / Adsorbenter Udpegede med Nanoscale Wagon-hjul-formede porer

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Fabrication Processen med silikone-baserede Dielektriske Elastomer aktuatorer

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Avancerede eksperimentelle metoder til lav-temperatur Magnetotransport Måling af nye materialer

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Spark Plasma Sintring Apparater Anvendes til dannelse af strontiumtitanat Bicrystals

A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with ...

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Eksperimentelle gennemførelsen af en ny Composite fabrikationsanlæg metode: udsætter nøgne fibre på sammensatte overfladen af metoden bløde lag

The bipolar plate is a key component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is a multi-functional ...

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Fabrikation af refraktive-index-matchede enheder for biomedicinsk mikrofluidik

The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...

Design and Implementation of a Bespoke Robotic Manipulator for Extra-corporeal Ultrasound

Design og implementering af en skræddersyet robot Manipulator for ekstra legemlige ultralyd

With the potential for high precision, dexterity, and repeatability, a self-tracked robotic system can be employed to assist the acquisition of real-time ...