Name: systemic injection of neural stem/progenitor cells in mice with chronic eae
Uploaded: 2014-04-15T18:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE at JoVE.com

作者感谢杰登史密斯严格审查和编辑校对的稿子。这项工作已获得支持，从国家多发性硬化症协会（NMSS，部分补助RG-4001-A1），意大利多发性硬化症协会（AISM，授予2010/R/31），意大利卫生部（GR08-7），翅膀生命，Banca银行阿格里科拉POPOLARE二拉古萨（BAPR），欧洲研究委员会（ERC）下的ERC-2010-STG赠款协定没有260511-SEM_SEM和欧洲共同体（欧共体）第七框架计划（FP7/2007-2013）根据赠款协议N *度; 280772 - 卓智。

所有涉及动物的程序是根据实验室动物护理的动物（科学程序）根据批准的英国内政部的原则行事1986（80 PPL号/ 2457至SP）进行。 1，推导从成年小鼠大脑的脑室下区（SVZ）躯体神经干/祖细胞（的NPC）的<ol><li>解剖仪器和媒体的制备 注：这两个解决方案必须准备1-2小时前解剖仪器准备和预热在37℃至少20〜30分钟后再使用（它有助于淡化木瓜蛋白酶和优化酶的活性）。 ...

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成体干细胞的疗法正在成为最有希望的策略，用于治疗慢性炎性CNS疾病如MS2 11中的一个。同时维持其治疗作用的机制仍有待完全阐明，全国人大移植在神经退行性疾病的不同的实验模型的显著影响，已经引起了几分挑衅的信念，干细胞可能很快被应用到人类的研究。然而，设想我们需要面对的一些关键问题，并解决一些悬而未决的问题，如理想的干细胞来源的移植（自体与异体，?...

强有力的证据已经出现从体内研究，证明在中枢神经系统疾病1-8的动物模型中的体细胞的神经干/祖细胞（的NPC）的移植的治疗效果。不过，也有一些与干细胞输送到主机的问题需要仔细考虑之前，这些实验结果可以转化为临床应用。向的（非造血）恢复性干细胞疗法对于多灶性，慢性炎症性脑疾病的发展的一个特别重大的障碍是怪物注射的理想的路径的识别。目标疾病的病理生理学有相当的了解（焦或多灶性;主要炎症或退行性小学），以及与交付相关的技术可行性和风险问题谨慎的分析是在确定干细胞传递最优协议。 而焦点（ <em&gt;如。进入神经 ​​系统实质）造血干细胞移植是一种合理的方法为特征的破坏空间狭窄的区域中枢神经系统疾病的治疗（ 如帕金森氏症和亨廷顿氏病，脑和脊髓外伤和中风），同样的方法可以证明是几乎不可行的，如MS，其中多灶性，慢性的，空间上传播中枢神经系统损伤会随时间积累的条件。在后一种情况下，针对局灶性细胞注射到病变的个体，也阻碍了移植的NPC的能力有限迁移的中枢神经系统实质内长的距离，从而促使中枢神经系统的替代，更合适的方法识别与微创全国人大针对移植。 从小鼠的NPC针对颅内肿瘤（ 例如 ，神经胶质瘤）观测了很大的希望出现的CNS9外血管内注射时。根据这一开创性在干细胞pathotrophism 10的体内证据，大量的数据被积累有关实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的实验动物的可行性和NPC的全身移植的治疗功效，作为模型的炎性中枢神经系统损伤， 通过静脉内（iv）或侧脑室（ICV）全国人大注射1,2,5,6,8 ......我们首先证明，这是依赖于移植的NPC的能力为目标，进入中枢神经系统发炎，并随后参与多间在体内 11项具体的微环境中的通信程序。为了特异性靶向中枢神经系统，的NPC被直接输送到脑脊髓液（CSF）中通过侧脑室注射循环，或到通过静脉注射的血液。一旦进入无论是血液或脑脊液，移植的NPC积极互动血脑屏障（BBB）或血脑脊液（BCSFB）壁垒和进入CNS实质。这人大移植和血脑屏障（或BCSFB）之间的相互作用是通过特定的NPC表面细胞粘附分子（CAMS）的监管，并通过高水平的CAM反配体对活化的内皮/室管膜细胞12-14的表达提供便利。这些凸轮的例子包括受体，透明质酸，CD44和胞间粘附分子（ICAM）-1配体很迟抗原（VLA）-4 5,15,16（即，在白细胞，负责与活化室管膜的相互作用细胞和内皮细胞），并以一个低得多的程度淋巴细胞功能相关抗原（LFA）-1和P-选择素糖蛋白配体（PSGL）-1。的NPC也表达多种趋化因子受体，包括CCR1，CCR2，CCR5，CXCR3和CXCR4（但不表达CCR3和CCR7），它在功能上是积极的，无论是在体外和体内 5,16。因此，systemica莱注入的NPC用这些凸轮，以及G-蛋白偶联受体（GPCR的），积累在发炎的中枢神经系统的电平。相反，注入的NPC进入全身健康小鼠不通过血管或脑脊髓液空间的路由2进入中枢神经系统。中枢神经系统炎症，或内皮/室管膜细胞活化之后的全身细胞因子或lypopolisaccharide（LPS）注射作为化学诱导的脑炎的模型，因此，有必要对全身注射的NPC积累到大脑和脊髓2。因此，中枢神经系统的成功定位与全身治疗鼻咽癌是依赖于机会（胡）的一种疾病特定的窗口中，大脑和脊髓的环境，有利于积累和NPC的跨内皮迁移的鉴定。这种情况一般出现在急性和亚急性炎症17的范围内。一旦已经进入中枢神经系统，移植未分化的NPC已经显示出改善的小鼠的临床病理特征以及更大的，非人灵长类动物与EAE。这已被描述为依赖从最小的细胞替代2和内血管周围的CNS 2,5,6,18免疫调节和神经保护性旁分泌因子与非CNS发炎的区域19,20（ 例如淋巴结）显着分泌响应于炎性细胞信号引起了浸润的免疫细胞5。 在这里，我们描述成慢性EAE的小鼠模型的全身注射体细胞的NPC的关键方法问题。更具体地说，我们定义我们已经建立了以（i）本协议派生，扩展和移植体的NPC准备从成年C57BL / 6小鼠的脑室下区（SVZ）; （ⅱ）引起的慢性EAE在这种小鼠及（iii）进行治疗有效的全身性（ⅳ或ICV）怪物移植我NTO EAE小鼠。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1474">
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:753px;">Cell culture</td>
			<td style="width:300px;"></td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td style="width:272px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EBSS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E2888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">L-Cystein</td>
			<td>SIGMA-ALDRICH CO LTD</td>
			<td>C7352</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Papain</td>
			<td>WORTHINGTON</td>
			<td>30H11965</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>D/0700/50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse NeuroCult basal medium</td>
			<td>Stem Cell technologies</td>
			<td>05700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NeuroCult proliferation supplements</td>
			<td>Stem Cell technologies</td>
			<td>05701</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Basic fibroblast growth factor</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>100-18B-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Epidermal growth factor</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>AF-100-15-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pen/Strep</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>1514012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Matrigel (coating solution)</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NeuroCult&#174; Differentiation Kit (Mouse)</td>
			<td>Stem cell technologies</td>
			<td>05704</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Accumax</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>00-4666-56</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dulbecco&#39;s PBS (DPBS) (10x) without Ca&#38; Mg</td>
			<td>PAA LABORATORIES LTD</td>
			<td>H15-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Myco trace</td>
			<td>PAA LABORATORIES LTD</td>
			<td>Q052-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">immunofluorescence</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>PAA LABORATORIES LTD</td>
			<td>B11-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polyethylene glycol p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl ether</td>
			<td>SIGMA-ALDRICH CO LTD</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti Nestin</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab11306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rabbit anti GFAP</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>203344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti Histone H3 (phospho S10)&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab14955</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rabbit anti MAP-2</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab32454</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rat anti MBP</td>
			<td>AbD SEROTEC</td>
			<td>MCA409S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-O4 Antibody, clone 81 | MAB345</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB345</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mounting solution</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>S3023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EAE</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Freund&#39;s Adjuvant Incomplete</td>
			<td>SIGMA-ALDRICH CO LTD</td>
			<td>F5506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#160;</td>
			<td>DIFCO</td>
			<td>H37Ra</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MOG(35&#8211;55)&#160;</td>
			<td>Espikem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pertussis toxin</td>
			<td>List Biological Laboratories</td>
			<td>181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tissue processing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Iris scissor straight</td>
			<td>Fine Sciences Tolls</td>
			<td>14060-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Blunt/bended forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Sciences Tolls</td>
			<td>11080-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Brain slicer</td>
			<td>Zivic instruments</td>
			<td>BSMAS005-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Surgical blades</td>
			<td>Swann-Morton</td>
			<td>324</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">P200, P1000 pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ketamine (Vetalar)</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Boehringer Ingelheim</td>
			<td>01LC0030&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:272px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Xylazine (Rompun)</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>32371</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Stereotaxic frame</td>
			<td>KOPF</td>
			<td>Model 900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>7762-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">VECTASTAIN Elite ABC Kit</td>
			<td>vector laboratories</td>
			<td>PK-6100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

systemic injection of neural stem/progenitor cells in mice with chronic eae

神经干/祖细胞（的NPC）是一种很有前途的干细胞来源，移植方法，旨在大脑修复或修复再生神经内科。该指令已产生的大量证据显示，大脑修复局灶性或全身性鼻咽癌移植后实现了神经系统疾病的几种临床前模型。 这些实验数据已经确定了细胞传递路线为恢复性干细胞疗法的脑部疾病，需要紧急评估的主要障碍之一。脑实质内干细胞移植术代表逻辑态度来对待这些特点是孤立的和可访问的脑病变，如脊髓损伤和帕金森氏病的病症。不幸的是，这个原则是很差适用特点是多灶性，炎症和传播（无论是在时间和空间）性质，包括多发性硬化症（MS）的条件。因此，脑是由系统·瞄准主位NPC交付已经成为一种低侵入性治疗有效协议，提供细胞到大脑，影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的实验性慢性炎症性损害啮齿类动物和灵长类动物的脊髓。 小区交付这种替代方法依赖于人大pathotropism，特别是他们与生俱来的能力（一） 通过感知功能细胞黏附分子和炎症细胞因子和趋化因子受体的环境; （二）交叉后静脉注射（IV）的泄漏解剖障碍或脑室内（ICV）注射液; （ⅲ）积聚在炎性脑和脊髓损伤血管周围的多个位点（S）的水平;及（iv）发挥卓越组织营养及免疫调节作用到不同的主机的靶细胞在体内 。 在这里，我们描述了我们已经开发了IV的方法。和&lt;em&gt;的同基因的NPC对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）侧脑室递送，作为慢性中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘模型，并设想全身干细胞递送作为有价值的技术发炎的大脑中神经再生的选择性靶向。

全国人大推导和表征 SVZ解剖是由机械和酶解（ 图1A）方法为在池进行6-8周龄C57BL / 6小鼠（n = 5-7只小鼠/池）。经过培养的CGM几天，自由浮动的神经球开始形成（ 图1A和1B）。主球被收集和机械传代，每4-5格。传代后，活细胞和死细胞的数目是确定的和累积的细胞数作图以生成生长曲线（ 图1C）。这使传播速率的指示，从而提供了一个间接的参...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE at JoVE.com

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

神经干/祖细胞（的NPC）的移植持有再生神经内科伟大的应许。全身交付的NPC已经变成有效的，低侵入性的，而且治疗非常有效的协议，提供干细胞在大脑和受中枢神经系统的实验性慢性炎症性损害啮齿类动物和灵长类动物的脊髓。

神经干/祖细胞在小鼠EAE的慢性全身性注射

Neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) are a promising stem cell source for transplantation approaches aiming at brain repair or restoration in regenerative ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

在纯化造血干/祖细胞识别DNA突变

In recent years, it has become apparent that genomic instability is tightly related to many developmental disorders, cancers, and aging. Given that stem ...

科研

免疫与感染

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

长期慢性<em&gt;铜绿假单胞菌</em&gt;在呼吸道感染小鼠

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model ...

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein MOG35-55 Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE in C57BL/6 Mice

髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG<sub&gt; 35-55</sub&gt;）诱导实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的C57BL / 6小鼠

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a strong neurodegenerative component. While ...

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

鼠标型号病原体引起的慢性炎症局部及全身站点

Chronic inflammation is a major driver of pathological tissue damage and a unifying characteristic of many chronic diseases in humans including ...

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

表型和慢性淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒感染小鼠中分离激活调节性T细胞的功能分析

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which express Foxp3 as a transcription factor, are subsets of CD4+ T cells. Treg cells play crucial roles in immune tolerance ...

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

使用的淋巴细胞外渗分析<em&gt;体外</em&gt;人类血脑屏障模型

Lymphocyte extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) is critical for immune surveillance. Disease-related alterations of lymphocyte ...

A Chronic Autoimmune Dry Eye Rat Model with Increase in Effector Memory T Cells in Eyeball Tissue

慢性自身免疫性干眼鼠模型增加效应记忆T细胞在眼球组织

Dry eye disease is a very common condition that causes morbidity and healthcare burden and decreases the quality of life. There is a need for a suitable ...

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (G6PI)-Induced RA Mice

Adoptive Immunotherapy of iNKT Cells in Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase G6PI-Induced RA Mice

葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶（G6PI）诱导RA小鼠中iNKT细胞的采用免疫治疗

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is related to invariant natural killer T ...

Blocking Lymph Flow by Suturing Afferent Lymphatic Vessels in Mice

通过在小鼠中吸液性淋巴血管阻止淋巴流

Lymphatic vessels are critical in maintaining tissue fluid balance and optimizing immune protection by transporting antigens, cytokines, and cells to ...

A Minimally Invasive, Accurate, and Efficient Technique for Intrathymic Injection in Mice

一种微创、准确、高效的小鼠胸腺内注射技术

Intrathymic injection in mouse models is an important technique for studying thymic and immune function, including genetic and acquired T cell disorders. ...