Name: isolation and preparation of bacterial cell walls for compositional analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography
Uploaded: 2014-01-15T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Walls for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家卫生研究院院长新创新奖DP2OD006466（对K.C.H.）的支持。 作者感谢罗素·蒙兹对方法的实际演示和科学的讨论。

1. 在 2.5 毫升的媒体过夜中培养细菌文化
后冲稀释培养物 1：100 到 250 毫升新鲜介质，并增长到OD 600 的 0.7-0.8。在水中准备6%的硫酸钠（SDS）溶液。
注意：SDS粉末是危险的 - 避免吸入SDS粉末;在鼻子和嘴上戴口罩。
2. 第1天 - 在一天和一夜之间进行莱辛细菌培养
<ol><li>在稀释文化不断发展的同时，在1升烧嘴的热盘子上设置一个?...

<ol>
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V., Labischinski, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The target of penicillin: the murein sacculus of bacterial cell walls architecture and growth. , (1983).</li><li>Boylen, C. W., Ensign, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ratio+of+teichoic+acid+and+peptidoglycan+in+cell+walls+of+Bacillus+subtilis+following+spire+germination+and+during+vegetative+growth.">Ratio of teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in cell walls of Bacillus subtilis following spire germination and during vegetative growth.</a> J. Bacteriol. 96, 421-427 (1968).</li><li>Sutow, A. B., Welker, N. 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A., Vazquez, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Penicillin+binding+proteins:+role+in+initiation+of+murein+synthesis+in+Escherichia+coli.">Penicillin binding proteins: role in initiation of murein synthesis in Escherichia coli.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 5632-5635 (1985).</li><li>Kandler, O., Schleifer, K. H., Dandl, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+Streptococcus+faecalis+Andrewes+and+Horder+and+Streptococcus+faecium+Orla-Jensen+based+on+the+amino+acid+composition+of+their+murein.">Differentiation of Streptococcus faecalis Andrewes and Horder and Streptococcus faecium Orla-Jensen based on the amino acid composition of their murein.</a> J. 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此过程的关键步骤是样品准备第二天的第 3.1 步。如果 SDS 在一夜之间沉淀，或者样品在室温下储存在 4% SDS 中数周，则样品必须重新启动至少 1 小时才能重新溶解 SDS。SDS降水的一个常见原因是使用介质与钾盐，所以钾应避免在媒体，如果可能的话。如代表结果部分所述，将 pH 调整到多兆肽的等电点 （~3.5） 内也至关重要，但不要比 pH 3 低太多，否则材料可能会沉淀。最后，样品的再悬念必须发?...

本文描述的方法的目标是分离完好的细菌细胞壁（sacculi），并消化多肽（PG），以便使用超性能液态色谱（UPLC）提供信息，如多溴肽成分的身份及其浓度，甘油链的平均长度，以及链之间交叉链接所涉及的材料的分数。对于PG生物化学和多溴二苯二甲酸酯物种的详细讨论，有几个优秀的评论，描述了PG结构及其在感染，耐药性，形态形成和生长1-6的作用。用于PG分析的高性能液态色谱（HPLC）最初由格劳纳和施瓦茨在20世纪80年代开发，最近已在米格尔·德·佩德罗和瓦尔德马尔·沃尔默的实验室中得到改进和广泛应用。以前的方法采用氨基酸分析或纸张色谱法，耗时乏味的技术不能产生准确或完整的细胞壁组件评估。
UPLC 分析可轻松地在任何能够访问超中心和 UPLC 的基础研究实验室中实施。我们下面介绍的 UPLC 方法分离了完整的沙库利，从而提供了关于其所有化学物种的全面、定量信息。这种方法可精确量化细菌群中的所有多菌肽，所有在 20 分钟的 UPLC 运行范围内。这种方法的实施只涉及基本的实验室技能，没有对材料进行重大财政投资。为了执行这种方法的步骤，研究人员只需要熟练地吹笛，准备缓冲器和酶，并调整pH，使其能够进入广泛的科学学科。本协议中使用的酶的选择取决于所分析的细菌种类：这里描述的协议对 大肠杆菌是有用的，并且通常被发现足以将沙丘利与其他格拉姆阴性生物隔离开来。建议在将这种方法应用于革兰阳性细菌时与文献协商：在这些物种中，囊菌净化历来比较困难。特别是，这种方法可能必须改变酶的选择和消化时间的长度，以适应较厚的墙壁和附属聚合物，如革兰氏阳性细菌的铁酸。本协议中的第一种酶将外膜脂蛋白（如布劳恩的脂蛋白或Lpp）附着在肽上，从而从细胞壁中释放除C-终端二（或三）肽外的所有肽。此步骤在检查肠杆菌时是必要的，但许多其他 Gram 阴性细菌没有 Lpp 等价物，因此可以跳过此步骤。第二种酶在多肽的穆拉米酸成分后特别切开，溶解形成木荷肽物种的脱糖亚单位。为了准确评估 PG 的结构，应小心消化沙库利，以防止跨桥或肽茎的任何其他部分的。
虽然HPLC对来自100多个菌株的多肽类的化学成分进行了分析，但与普遍性保护委员会技术没有进行任何分析。此外，先前的工作仅从细菌领域的一小部分对多肽进行描述，部分受 HPLC 的吞吐量的限制。因此，将这种方法传播给尽可能多的研究人员，并在普遍支持下平台上实施，对于推动对大部分尚未分类的细菌物种进行生理研究至关重要。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="640">
	<colgroup>
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Pronase E</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Amresco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E629</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mutanolysin from Streptomyces</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M9901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Sodium borohydride (NaBH4)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">452882</td>
			<td>Sodium borohydride is highly reactive and dangerous to handle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Orthophosphoric acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">79607</td>
			<td>Orthophosphoric acid is corrosive and dangerous to handle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Boric acid</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium azide</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S2002</td>
			<td>Sodium azide is a poison</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium tetraborate</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">221732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Millex 0.22 &#956;m syringe filters</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGVR04NL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pH strips (pH range 0-6)</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M95863</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 ml polypropylene Falcon tubes</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21008-951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">13 mm x 100 mm glass tubes</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Kimble Chase</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">60CM13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:240px;">12 mm x 32 mm screw neck glass recovery vial</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">186000327C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Ambion</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM9820</td>
			<td>SDS powder is hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;"></td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Instrumentation</td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Waters Acquity UPLC H-Class system, including:</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Acquity UPLC H-Class Sample Manager FTN</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Acquity UPLC H-Class Quaternary Solvent Manager</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 &#181;m column</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acquity UPLC PDA Detector</td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Waters Fraction Collector III</td>
			<td style="width:115px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Acquity UPLC 30 cm Column Heater/Cooler</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and preparation of bacterial cell walls for compositional analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography

细菌细胞壁对于确定细胞在生长和分裂过程中的形状至关重要，在面对各种大气中的涡轮压力时保持细胞的机械完整性。在细菌王国的不同形状和大小中，细胞壁由多肽组成，这是一个由短肽交叉连接的糖链的巨分子网络。Peptidoglycan对细菌生理学的核心重要性是其作为抗生素靶点的使用的基础，并促使遗传、结构和细胞生物学研究如何在生长和分裂过程中牢固地组装它。尽管如此，仍需进行广泛的调查，以充分描述多肽合成中的关键酶活动和细菌细胞壁的化学成分。高性能液相色谱 （HPLC） 是量化在各种环境和遗传条件下生长的细菌壁化学成分差异的有力分析方法，但其吞吐量往往有限。在这里，我们提出了一个简单的程序，通过HPLC和超性能液态色谱（UPLC）对多肽菌进行生物分析的细菌细胞壁的隔离和制备，这是HPLC的延伸，利用泵提供高达15，000 psi的超高压，而HPLC的超高压为6，000 psi。结合这里介绍的细菌细胞壁的制备，低容量的样品喷油器、采样率高、样品量小、运行时间短的检测器，将使大多数生物实验室能够获得超中心和 UPLC，实现多肽类成分和基本细菌细胞生物学的新发现。

使用 图 1中概述的程序，最终样本应包含至少 200 μl 的清晰溶液，这些溶液已直接过滤到 UPLC 小瓶中（第 4.4 步）。在细菌样本中分离各种多发性肽的 UPLC 取决于它们在液体移动相和柱的静止阶段之间的相对溶解性。反向阶段C18柱提供强烈的疏水基质，根据疏水性和大小8分离多溴二苯甲酸酯物种：极性、低分子量的单体先阐明，后是极性、分子量较高的寡聚物（图2）。...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Walls for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography at JoVE.com

Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Walls for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

细菌细胞壁由多肽组成，多肽交叉连接的糖链大分子网络。超性能液态色谱为多肽类成分的新发现提供了高分辨率和高吞吐量。我们提出了一个隔离细胞壁（sacculi）的程序，以及随后通过 UPLC 进行分析的准备。

通过超性能液相色谱对细菌细胞壁进行隔离和制备，进行组成分析

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规模以上非靶向代谢组学剖析血清超高效液相色谱 - 质谱（UPLC-MS）

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Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry UPLC-HRMS

不相关的代谢组学，生物源使用超高效液相色谱 - 高分辨质谱（UPLC-HRMS）

Here we present a workflow to analyze the metabolic profiles for biological samples of interest including; cells, serum, or tissue. The sample is first ...

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

使用气相色谱怀孕期间分析脂肪酸组成的变化在大鼠肝组织

Gas chromatography (GC) is a highly sensitive method used to identify and quantify the fatty acid content of lipids from tissues, cells, and plasma/serum, ...

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

合成和金插在介孔二氧化硅的墙壁催化性能

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

柱后衍生用反应流高效液相色谱柱

A protocol for the use of reaction flow high performance liquid chromatography columns for methods employing post column derivatization (PCD) is ...

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

放射性标记和磷酸肌醇的细胞水平的定量高效液相色谱耦合流动闪烁

Phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) are essential signaling lipids responsible for recruiting specific effectors and conferring organelles with molecular ...

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

使用酶法，化学（甲基化）和物理（质谱，核磁共振）技术，植物墙Heteroxylans测序

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of ...

An HS-MRM Assay for the Quantification of Host-cell Proteins in Protein Biopharmaceuticals by Liquid Chromatography Ion Mobility QTOF Mass Spectrometry

液相色谱离子迁移 QTOF 质谱测定蛋白质生物中宿主细胞蛋白的 HS-MRM 法

The analysis of low-level (1-100 ppm) protein impurities (e.g., host-cell proteins (HCPs)) in protein biotherapeutics is a challenging assay requiring ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

简捷方法对硫甙的提取与分析用高压液相色谱法（HPLC）

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

用于跟踪纳米粒子自组装的液体细胞透射电子显微镜

Drying a nanoparticle dispersion is a versatile way to create self-assembled structures of nanoparticles, but the mechanism of this process is not fully ...