Name: visualization of g3bp stress granules dynamics in live primary cells
Uploaded: 2014-05-21T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne anerkende Montpellier Rio Imaging (MRI) platform, hvor opkøbene blev udført. De takker Isabel Cristina Lopez Mejia, Alexandra Metz, Irina Lassot, Solange Desagher, Fabien Loustalot og Virginie Georget for deres hjælp i forskellige dele af protokollen. Dette arbejde blev støttet af Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) (Equipe FRM 2011-n ° DEQ20111223745).

Alle dyreforsøg i denne protokol er i nøje overensstemmelse med retningslinjerne fra Det Europæiske Fællesskab Rådets direktiv af 24. november 1986 (86-609/EEC). Hus musene i gruppe, hvilket giver mad og vand ad libitum. Bevar dem i et kontrolleret miljø (22 ± 1 ° C, 55 ± 5% fugtighed) med en 12 hr: 12 timers lys: mørke cyklus (lys på kl 7:00). 1. Kultur murine Primære Celler:. Mouse embryofibroblaster (MEF) <ol><li> Autoklave tynde pincet, samt buede pincet og disseke...

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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+granules:+The+good,+the+bad+and+the+ugly.">RNA granules: The good, the bad and the ugly.</a> Cellular Signalling. 23 (2), 324-334 (2011).</li><li>Kedersha, N., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules:+sites+of+mRNA+triage+that+regulate+mRNA+stability+and+translatability.">Stress granules: sites of mRNA triage that regulate mRNA stability and translatability.</a> Biochemical Society transactions. 30 (6), 963-969 (2002).</li><li>Anderson, P., Kedersha, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules:+the+Tao+of+RNA+triage.">Stress granules: the Tao of RNA triage.</a> Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 33 (3), 141-150 (2008).</li><li>Gilks, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granule+assembly+is+mediated+by+prion-like+aggregation+of+TIA-1.">Stress granule assembly is mediated by prion-like aggregation of TIA-1.</a> Molecular biology of the cell. 15 (12), 5383-5398 (2004).</li><li>Tourri&#232;re, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+RasGAP-associated+endoribonuclease+G3BP+assembles+stress+granules.">The RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP assembles stress granules.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 160 (6), 823-831 (2003).</li><li>Parker, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Ras-GTPase-activating+protein+SH3-domain-binding+protein.">A Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding protein.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (6), 2561-2569 (1996).</li><li>Annibaldi, A., Dousse, A., Martin, S., Tazi, J., Widmann, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revisiting+G3BP1+as+a+RasGAP+binding+protein:+sensitization+of+tumor+cells+to+chemotherapy+by+the+RasGAP+317-326+sequence+does+not+involve+G3BP1.">Revisiting G3BP1 as a RasGAP binding protein: sensitization of tumor cells to chemotherapy by the RasGAP 317-326 sequence does not involve G3BP1.</a> PLOS ONE. 6 (12), (2011).</li><li>Kennedy, D., French, J., Guitard, E., Ru, K., Tocque, B., Mattick, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+G3BPs:+tissue+specific+expression,+chromosomal+localisation+and+rasGAP(120)+binding+studies.">Characterization of G3BPs: tissue specific expression, chromosomal localisation and rasGAP(120) binding studies.</a> Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 84 (1), 173-187 (2001).</li><li>Kobayashi, T., Winslow, S., Sunesson, L., Hellman, U., Larsson, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PKC&#945;+Binds+G3BP2+and+Regulates+Stress+Granule+Formation+Following+Cellular+Stress.">PKC&#945; Binds G3BP2 and Regulates Stress Granule Formation Following Cellular Stress.</a> PLOS ONE. 7 (4), (2012).</li><li>Tourri&#232;re, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RasGAP-associated+endoribonuclease+G3Bp:+selective+RNA+degradation+and+phosphorylation-dependent+localization.">RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3Bp: selective RNA degradation and phosphorylation-dependent localization.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (22), 7747-7760 (2001).</li><li>Costa, M., Ochem, A., Staub, A., Falaschi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+DNA+helicase+VIII:+a+DNA+and+RNA+helicase+corresponding+to+the+G3BP+protein,+an+element+of+the+ras+transduction+pathway.">Human DNA helicase VIII: a DNA and RNA helicase corresponding to the G3BP protein, an element of the ras transduction pathway.</a> Nucleic acids research. 27 (3), 817-821 (1999).</li><li>Solomon, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+structural+features+of+caprin-1+mediate+its+interaction+with+G3BP-1+and+its+induction+of+phosphorylation+of+eukaryotic+translation+initiation+factor+2alpha,+entry+to+cytoplasmic+stress+granules,+and+selective+interaction+with+a+subset+of+mRNAs.">Distinct structural features of caprin-1 mediate its interaction with G3BP-1 and its induction of phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, entry to cytoplasmic stress granules, and selective interaction with a subset of mRNAs.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (6), 2324-2342 (2007).</li><li>Soncini, C., Berdo, I., Draetta, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ras-GAP+SH3+domain+binding+protein+(G3BP)+is+a+modulator+of+USP10,+a+novel+human+ubiquitin+specific+protease.">Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein (G3BP) is a modulator of USP10, a novel human ubiquitin specific protease.</a> Oncogene. 20 (29), 3869-3879 (2001).</li><li>Zekri, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+fetal+growth+and+neonatal+survival+by+the+RasGAP-associated+endoribonuclease+G3BP.">Control of fetal growth and neonatal survival by the RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (19), 8703-8716 (2005).</li><li>Martin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deficiency+of+G3BP1,+the+stress+granules+assembly+factor,+results+in+abnormal+synaptic+plasticity+and+calcium+homeostasis+in+neurons.">Deficiency of G3BP1, the stress granules assembly factor, results in abnormal synaptic plasticity and calcium homeostasis in neurons.</a> Journal of neurochemistry. , (2013).</li><li>Mazroui, R., Huot, M. -. E., Tremblay, S., Filion, C., Labelle, Y., Khandjian, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trapping+of+messenger+RNA+by+Fragile+X+Mental+Retardation+protein+into+cytoplasmic+granules+induces+translation+repression.">Trapping of messenger RNA by Fragile X Mental Retardation protein into cytoplasmic granules induces translation repression.</a> Human molecular genetics. 11 (24), 3007-3017 (2002).</li><li>Colombrita, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TDP-43+is+recruited+to+stress+granules+in+conditions+of+oxidative+insult.">TDP-43 is recruited to stress granules in conditions of oxidative insult.</a> Journal of neurochemistry. 111 (4), 1051-1061 (2009).</li><li>Thomas, M. G., Tosar, L. J. M., Desbats, M. A., Leishman, C. C., Boccaccio, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+Staufen+1+is+recruited+to+stress+granules+and+impairs+their+assembly.">Mammalian Staufen 1 is recruited to stress granules and impairs their assembly.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 122 (4), 563-573 (2009).</li><li>Chen, Y., Stevens, B., Chang, J., Milbrandt, J., Barres, B. A., Hell, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NS21:+re-defined+and+modified+supplement+B27+for+neuronal+cultures.">NS21: re-defined and modified supplement B27 for neuronal cultures.</a> Journal of neuroscience. 171 (2), 239-247 (2008).</li><li>Xia, Z., Dudek, H., Miranti, C. K., Greenberg, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+Influx+via+the+NMDA+Receptor+Induces+Immediate+Early+Gene+Transcription+by+a+MAP+Kinase/ERK-Dependent+Mechanism.">Calcium Influx via the NMDA Receptor Induces Immediate Early Gene Transcription by a MAP Kinase/ERK-Dependent Mechanism.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (17), 5425-5436 (1996).</li><li>Dudek, H., Ghosh, A., Greenberg, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+phosphate+transfection+of+DNA+into+neurons+in+primary+culture.">Calcium phosphate transfection of DNA into neurons in primary culture.</a> Current protocols in neuroscience. 3, (2001).</li><li>Reineke, L. C., Dougherty, J. D., Pierre, P., Lloyd, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+G3BP-induced+granules+trigger+eIF2&#945;+phosphorylation.">Large G3BP-induced granules trigger eIF2&#945; phosphorylation.</a> Molecular biology of the cell. 23 (18), (2012).</li><li>Kedersha, N., Tisdale, S., Hickman, T., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+and+quantitative+imaging+of+mammalian+stress+granules+and+processing+bodies.">Real-time and quantitative imaging of mammalian stress granules and processing bodies.</a> Methods in enzymology. 448, 521-552 (2008).</li></ol>

De mest kritiske trin i protokollen, vedrører transfektion og mere især opkøb tid lapse, som skal overvåges nøje med henblik på at sænke ned cytotoksicitet. Kultur i primære celler er ikke en vanskelig del, så længe sterile forhold opretholdes og forsigtighed er taget for at undgå skader under dissektion og celledissociering trin. MEF&#39;er kan holdes frossen på tidlige passager. Neuron transfektion med calciumphosphat har vist sig at fungere godt 21 og denne protokol...

Stress granulat (SGS) er ikke-membranøs cytoplasmatisk foci dannet som et cellulært beskyttende respons til miljømæssig stress, såsom høj temperatur, oxidativt stress, hypoxi, osmotisk chok, UV-bestråling, glucosemangel eller virusinfektion 1. De kan induceres kemisk ved behandling med forbindelser som natriumarsenit, som udløser oxidativ stress. SGs ophobes gået i stå oversættelse anholdt messenger ribonukleoprotein (mRNPs) komplekser 2, kompleksdannere mRNAs fra den translationelle maskineri, og deres samling kan udløses af fosforylering af eIF2α (eukaryot indvielse faktor 2 α). SGs er dynamiske strukturer, der udveksler komponenter med polysomerne og andre granulater ligesom P-organer. De udgør et &quot;triage center&quot;, hvor mRNAs sorteres og bearbejdes enten oversættelse, reinitiering, nedbrydning eller emballagen til stabile ikke-polysomalt mRNPs 3. Samlingen af ​​SGs er hurtig but det er en gradvis proces med indledende talrige små aggregater, som flyder sammen i større granulat. Brugen af ​​kemiske inhibitorer, der forstyrrer eller stabiliserer mikrotubuli viser, at mikrotubulære netværk er nødvendig for SG dynamik herunder montering, sammensmeltning og adskillelse processer. Den dynamiske samling af strain gauges fremmes også ved sammenlægning af specifikke RNA-bindende proteiner (RNA-BP) som TIA-1 (T-celle indre antigen-1) og TIAR (TIA-1-relateret protein), som er i stand til at dimerisere og fremme polysom ​​afmontering og routing af mRNAs i SGs 4.. G3BP (RasGAP SH3 domæne bindende protein) er sådan en RNA-BP som lokaliseres til SGs når cellerne er stressede med arsenit eller høj temperatur, og overekspression af dephosphorylerede G3BP kan fremkalde SGs samling 5.. G3BP er et evolutionært bevaret RNA-BP, der oprindeligt var karakteriseret gennem sin interaktion med en Ras-GTPase aktiverende protein (RasGAP p120 6); men denne interaktion blev for nylig revisited 7. Den G3BP familie omfatter to medlemmer i pattedyr, G3BP1 (kaldet G3BP) og G3BP2 8. Begge proteiner colocalize i SGS, når cellerne udsættes for stress 9. G3BPs omfatter en N-terminal NTF2 domæne foreslog at påvirke deres lokalisering og oligomerisering, efterfulgt af prolinrige (PxxP) motiver, så C-terminale motiver forbundet med RNA-binding: den kanoniske RNA-genkendelsesmotiv (RRM) med bevarede RNP1 og RNP2 motiver , efterfulgt af en arginin-glycin-rige (RGG) kassen. Interessant analyse af forskellige dele af proteinet ved at konstruere forskellige domæner fusioneret til EGFP viste, at NTF2-lignende domæne og det RNA-bindende domæne var mest effektivt rekrutteret til strain gauges, hvilket tyder på vigtigheden af ​​egenskaberne af dimerisering og RNA bindende samling af strain gauges. Forskellige modeller har afsløret forskellige funktioner G3BP proteiner in vitro 10-13.Forstyrrelse af G3BP i mus har vist betydningen af dette protein i udviklingspsykologi vækst og overlevelse 14, samt en vigtig rolle for G3BP i det centrale nervesystem (CNS), kendetegnet ved ataksi og mangler i rumlig arbejdshukommelse 15. G3BP mangel fører til ændret neuronal plasticitet og calcium homeostase, etablere en direkte forbindelse mellem SG dannelse og neurodegenerative sygdomme 15. Det er derfor vigtigt at være i stand til at studere dynamikken i SGS i primære celler som neuroner. Denne protokol giver en enkel måde at observere samling af G3BP1-holdige SGs i primære celler under arsenit behandling. Det kan bruges til at studere strain gauges samling under forskellige betingelser, for eksempel forskellige typer af belastninger. Det kan også tilpasses andre granulater eller andre bestanddele i SGS. Ja, denne protokol fokuserer på G3BP1, men der er andre stress granulat markører som TIA-1 / R, TTP (tristetraprolin) 2,FMRP (fragilt X mental retardering syndrom protein) 16, TDP-43 (transactive svar DNA bindende protein 43) 17 eller Staufen 18. Især proteiner som TIA-1 / R er ligesom G3BP, kernedannende RNA-bindende proteiner, der kan fremkalde SGs samling når overudtrykt, selv om de forskellige dannede generalsekretærerne kan variere i funktion, regulering og tilhørende udskrifter. Transfektion af fluoroforen-mærket version af nogen af ​​disse centrale komponenter eller kimdannelsesmidler SGS kan udføres for at billedet bestemt strain gauges montage og dynamik.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:312px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:153px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21331</td>
			<td>Pre-warm at 37 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Sodium Pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Non essential amino acids</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Glass bottom B-35</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">627860/627861</td>
			<td>Treated or not (treated: increases attachment of adherent cells)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Poly-L-lysine</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P2636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31966</td>
			<td>Pre-warm at 37 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">HeBS</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">51558</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Neurobasal</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21103</td>
			<td>Pre-warm at 37 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DU-110-A</td>
			<td>Very thin, tips 0,1 mm (useful to remove meninges)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Curved forceps</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-110-BUF</td>
			<td>Very thin, tips 0,1 mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Small scissors</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM-85-BS</td>
			<td>Can be useful to remove hippocampi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polyplus transfection JetPEI reagent&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Ozyme</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">101-10</td>
			<td>MEFs transfection, follow the forward protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Inverted laser scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:153px;">Leica&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SP5</td>
			<td></td>
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visualization of g3bp stress granules dynamics in live primary cells

Strain gauges kan visualiseres i cellerne ved immunfarvning af specifikke protein komponenter eller polyA +-mRNA&#39;er. Strain gauges er meget dynamisk og undersøgelse af deres samling og skæbne er vigtigt at forstå den cellulære reaktion på stress. Den mangel i nøglefaktorer SGS som G3BP (RasGAP SH3 domæne protein) medfører udviklingsmæssige defekter i mus og ændringer af det centrale nervesystem. At studere dynamikken i SGs i celler fra en organisme, én kultur primære celler kan og følg lokaliseringen af ​​en transficeret mærkede komponent i SGS. Vi beskriver time-lapse eksperiment for at observere G3BP1-holdige SGs i Mouse embryofibroblaster (MEF). Denne teknik kan også anvendes til at studere G3BP indeholdende strain gauges i levende neuroner, hvilket er afgørende, da det for nylig blev vist, at disse strain gauges er dannet ved påbegyndelsen af ​​neurodegenerative sygdomme såsom Alzheimers sygdom. Denne fremgangsmåde kan tilpasses til ethvert andet cellulært legeme og granula protein komponent og udførtemed transgene dyr, så levende undersøgelse af granulater dynamik for eksempel i fravær af en specifik faktor af disse granulat.

Stress granula dannelse er vigtig i respons af celler på stress, tillader en cellulær tilpasning ved blokeret oversættelse, indtil stress er ryddet, associeret med forebyggelse af apoptose. Dette assay tilladelser til at studere SGS i primære celler, ved at følge lokalisering af centrale Sgs proteinkomponenter (Figur 1). G3BP en nøglefaktor i SGS samling, er til stede i stedet diffusivt i cytoplasmaet af dyrkede MEF&#39;er eller neuroner (figur 2A a og c), og er k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells at JoVE.com

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Visualisering af G3BP Stress Granulat Dynamics i Live primære celler

Stress granulat (SGS) er cytoplasmatiske RNA granulater indeholdende gået i stå ribonucleoprotein partikler (RNP&#39;er) og vigtige i cellulære reaktion på forskellige påvirkninger. Dynamics SGS kan følges i levende celler ved at visualisere lokaliseringen af ​​et kodet element i SGS i transficerede primære celler efter stress.

SGs can be visualized in cells by immunostaining of specific protein components or polyA+ mRNAs. SGs are highly dynamic and the study of their assembly ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Rapid Technique for the Visualization of Live Immobilized Yeast Cells

We present here a simple, rapid, and extremely flexible technique for the immobilization and visualization of growing yeast cells by epifluorescence ...

Live Imaging of Dense-core Vesicles in Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Observing and characterizing dynamic cellular processes can yield important information about cellular activity that cannot be gained from static images.  ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Isolering og Primær kultur Rotte levercellerne

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Visualisering af endoplasmatiske reticulum lokaliserede mRNA&#39;er i pattedyrceller

In eukaryotes, most of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode secreted and membrane proteins are localized to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum ...

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Visualisering af endoplasmatiske reticulum Subdomains i dyrkede celler

The lipids and proteins in eukaryotic cells are continuously exchanged between cell compartments, although these retain their distinctive composition and ...

High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Høj opløsning Time-lapse Imaging og Automatiseret analyse af mikrotubulusdynamik i levende menneske navlestrengsveneendotelceller

The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes ...

A Graphical User Interface for Software-assisted Tracking of Protein Concentration in Dynamic Cellular Protrusions

Et grafisk brugergrænseflade til softwareassisteret sporing af proteinkoncentration i dynamiske cellulære protrusioner

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex ...

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Metoder til klassificering af cytoplasmatiske foci som spædbørn

Cells are often challenged by sudden environmental changes. Stress Granules (SGs), cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that form in cells exposed to ...

Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium

Anvendelsen af højhastigheds super-resolution hastighed mikroskopi i Live primære Cilium

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based protrusion on the surface of many eukaryotic cells and contains a unique complement of proteins that function ...

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Undersøgelse af mitotisk og meiotisk fission gær nuklear dynamik ved fluorescens levende celle mikroskopi

Live-cell imaging is a microscopy technique used to examine cell and protein dynamics in living cells. This imaging method is not toxic, generally does ...