Name: a standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision at JoVE.com

宾夕法尼亚州立土木工程拓展署署长

1。课程建设<ol><li>安装过程中地板。当然，尺寸为40英尺长7英尺宽由280 1呎2吋便携地砖（米色事件地砖）。将黑色内饰围绕周长只（ 图1）。 </li><li>粉刷墙壁相邻相匹配的地砖营造一个有些单色的环境。提供我们与灰度值中使用的颜色（ 表5）。如果特定的颜色不可用，我们建议采取平铺到一个五金店颜色匹配。 </li><li>根据照明模板（ 图1）安装的...

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我们描述一个室内，携带方便，容易复制，而相对便宜的课程，可以用来评估避障中谁是盲人或弱视人士。目前大多数的障碍训练场的设计和测试（ 即拖船）难以跨站点和观察员进行比较，或者是不能在备用位置16,17,30容易进行永久滴注。我们的目标是创建一个过程，可以在不同的地点和不同的观察者标准化使用，并能提供一定的预测能力，为采取干预措施（ 即人工视觉装?...

低视力康复评估必须决定是否干预的结果是改进了功能。性能指标通常涉及计算机读取或功能评估1-9，以及生活质量问卷10-15。如果能够同时评估低视力患者来浏览周围障碍物的能力也可能会提供线索的功能改进18特别是在人工视觉装置的情况下。 Geruschat 等人最近发表的导航效果与视网膜植入芯片，强调需要一个标准度量在这一领域17。目前，还没有被广泛接受的，客观的，有效的和全面的标准确定为避障能力。 功能测试，将关联到导航性能与低视力或“超低愿景”为p的人的发展通过人工视觉roduced将是可取的，但仍然是一个可望而不可及的目标。人工视觉设备，如视网膜植入芯片18-24或感官替代设备，如BrainPort 25和语音26的新兴领域，就必须避开障碍物的测试，可能的关联，增加了这些设备所赋予的导航能力。这种评估不仅让受试者了解自己的局限，因为他们穿越他们的周围环境，但可能会提供一个用于测量与改善定向行走训练或视觉增强设备的原型迭代之间。理想的情况下，可能有一些能力，以评估事故下降27个人的风险。 我们的目标是创造一个超越障碍训练场，这将是对在用人工视觉装置的患者的导航能力评价有用和转让到L领域OW视力一般。使用考研资料库上的障碍课程和视力障碍的发表的文献进行了审查。有创造标准化的障碍课程16,17,28-31,34了大量努力。大多数的这些都不是便携式的意义上，这将是很难精确地复制的设定，特别是用于户外课程。马奎尔等人描述了障碍物当然这是用来表明患者勒伯尔先天性黑蒙的移动性性能。本课程具有作为便携式和小的好处，但目前尚不清楚是否不同迭代已提供防止记忆效应，也没有任何条文障碍，这是不是在地板上，纹理的变化，或跨距。真皮休闲包提供了潜在的缺陷的一个精辟的描述，在设计过程中，并提出了一个室外场的描述，遗憾的是不能够被在ALTERN完全复现ative位置30。 Velikay-PAREL 等人描述的移动性测试与视网膜植入芯片的使用。这种设计具有可移植，并易于执行的好处。虽然这门课程可以在不同的地点被复制，没有提供任何关于课程建设的具体细节。此外，多涉及的是，他们表现出的学习效果达到了，由于课程熟悉渐近水平，因此能防止记忆当然完全可以消除的学习效果随着时间的推移亏损18的关注。无到目前为止所描述的课程已被广泛采用的低视力或康复社区。 随后咨询了一队来自宾夕法尼亚州西部盲童学校（匹兹堡，PA）和盲人和匹兹堡视力康复服务（宅基地，PA）分析师6低视力职业治疗师和定向行走专家作者arding提出课程设计。确定了功能性障碍，当然理想的属性包括：便携性，易于装配/拆卸和存储，灵活性既昏暗和明亮的照明条件下进行测试，并通过包括代表患者的家庭环境中的物体的障碍，以反映“现实生活”的情况了是坚固，足以承受反复碰撞而被韧性，以防止病人受伤。此外，它被认为是必要的，以有几种类型的设计环境，如道路的，这样，当在一个随机的顺序给药可防止当然记忆。此外，该课程应证明在多种设置重复的结果，具有很强的内部以及相互信度和可空间意识的客观度量。 这一努力的高潮部分是一个障碍课程，可以合理地预期在一个标准的机构将被再现的发展走廊。本课程的目的是测试不同的技能，所有重要的导航。该课程的每一级会尝试将焦点几种特定类型的日常航行活动遇到的障碍。第一场的计算结果进行导航，它们都放置在地板上相对高的对比度目标的能力，但是需要大量的匝数。在第二场的计算结果进行导航的障碍是高和低对比度，地板纹理的变化，和对象悬浮在空气中的能力。最后当然会评估导航泡沫塑料的障碍是低对比度的能力，表面眩光在地板上的变化，增加了nonStyrofoam障碍（布），地砖的颜色变化，必须要跨过的障碍，而不是在障碍地板。课程被标记为1，2和3为便于标记的，但是这个指定不应该被解释为在难易程度增加。在每个级别中，有THRee值的版本，当然，它可以被随机化，以防止记忆过程。

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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, beige</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Beige</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, black trim</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Male loop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, black trim</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Female loop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Event Floor Tiles, Edging</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Snaplock Industries, Salt Lake City UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Wall Paint: Satin Premium Plus Internal Satin Enamel Custom Color Match</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Behr, Inc Santa Ana CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Greyscale value = 45</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Obstacle paint</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Valspar Paints, Wheeling, IL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DuJour (#70002-6)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">DuJour Greyscale value = 15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Obstacle paint</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Valspar Paints, Wheeling, IL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Fired Earth (#6011-1)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fired Earth Greyscale value = 95</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Styrofoam obstacles</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Universal Foam Products, Orlando CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">639982</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Solid Black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">615542</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Stainless Steel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Con-Tact Brand Contact Paper</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">614416</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Solid White</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">3 ft x 6 ft Standard tuff Olefin Floor Mat</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Commercial Mats and Rubber A Division of Georgia Mills Direct Saratoga Springs, NY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Charcoal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">3 ft x 6 ft Standard tuff Olefin Floor Mat</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Commercial Mats and Rubber A Division of Georgia Mills Direct Saratoga Springs, NY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Smoke</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Fisher Scientific Traceable Dual Range Light Meter</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">06-662-63</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">International Light, Newburyport MA, USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">5 1/2 in clamp light</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">203198</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">GE 65-Watt indoor incandescent flood light bulb</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Lowe&#39;s Home Improvement</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">163209</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision

我们描述一个室内，便携，规范化轨道，可用于评估避障中谁拥有超视力的人。六短视控制和36完全失明，但其他健康成年男性（N = 29）和女性（13例）患者（年龄范围19-85岁），被纳入三项研究涉及BrainPort感官替代装置的测试之一。受试者被要求之前浏览的过程中，后，BrainPort培训。它们在两个不同的位置总共837运行过程中完成。均值和标准差分别计算各控件类型，课程，灯光和访问。我们使用了线性混合效应模型在PPWS（百分比首选步行速度）和误差％的数据比较不同类别的证明过程迭代进行适当的设计。过程是相对便宜的，易于管理，并已被证明是测试的移动性功能的可行方法。数据分析正在示威ES，对于百分比误差的结果以及为百分比首选步行速度，即每三个课程是不同的，并且每个级别中，每三个迭代都是平等的。这使得执政期间的课程随机化。 缩写： 首选步行速度（PWS） 当然速度（CS） 百分比首选步行速度（PPWS）

主题六蒙着眼睛近视，近视和36完全失明，但其他健康成人（年龄范围19-85岁），男性（N = 29）和女性（13例）受试者参加的三项研究，涉及的BrainPort感官测试1替代装置（Wicab，威斯康星州麦迪逊）。所有的研究都批准了匹兹堡IRB大学和所有科目签署批准的知情同意书。所有的研究是一个学科内，重复测量设计，使得每个主题充当自己的控制。近视受试者蒙上眼睛来模拟新失明的...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision at JoVE.com

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

我们描述一个室内，便携，规范化轨道，可用于评估避障中谁拥有超视力的人。过程是相对便宜的，易于管理，并已被证明是可靠的和可重现的。

一个标准化的障碍赛的视觉功能的超低视觉与人工视觉评估

We describe an indoor, portable, standardized course that can be used to evaluate obstacle avoidance in persons who have ultralow vision. Six sighted ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

测量和制止在弱视治疗

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

科研

医学

Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography

按时间当然吲哚菁绿血管造影检测脉络膜血管系统异常在年龄相关性黄斑变性的小鼠模型

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

通过40W的Elvax缓释给药的大鼠视网膜：对慢性疾病的治疗

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Using Adeno-associated Virus as a Tool to Study Retinal Barriers in Disease

使用腺相关病毒作为一种工具来研究疾病中的视网膜障碍

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes ...

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

角膜胶原交联的圆锥角膜的三种不同的协议：常规，加速和离子导入

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been ...

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

脉络细胞自体移植治疗老年性黄斑变性的再生疗法: 初步体内报告

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to ...

Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis

穿刺诱导的虹膜新生血管虹膜虹膜小鼠模型的建立

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant ...

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

Circumlimbal 缝合法诱导大鼠和小鼠青光眼模型的建立

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

小鼠肌功能的无创评价

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

Effect of Artificial Tear Formulations on the Metabolic Activity of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells after Exposure to Desiccation

人工撕裂制剂对暴露于干燥后人类角膜上皮细胞代谢活动的影响

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear ...