Name: assessing cell cycle progression of neural stem and progenitor cells in the mouse developing brain after genotoxic stress
Uploaded: 2014-05-07T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Cell Cycle Progression of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Developing Brain after Genotoxic Stress at JoVE.com

这项研究导致这些结果根据出让协议已收到的资金来自欧盟第七框架计划（FP7/2007-2013）N°323267，来自法国电力公司（EDF）和L&#39;法新社国立德拉RECHERCHE - 桑特 - 环境在等桑特-劬劳（ANR-SEST，Neurorad）。

1，动物规程该协议已经被设计符合欧共体理事会指令11月24日，1986（86/609/EEC），并已通过了动物福利（CETEA-CEA DSV IDF）机构委员会。 <ol><li>注射用EdU /的BrdU和E14.5孕鼠照射（ 图2A）。 <ol><li>制备的EdU的溶液在1毫克/毫升和BrdU在5 mg / ml的PBS中。执行腹腔注射100微升的溶液的EdU使用25号针头成孕鼠（IP）。 1.5小时后，照射小鼠（全身照射），在0戈瑞或2戈瑞（0.6格雷/...

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这里所描述的基础上的EdU 1.5小时掺入实验设计照射前和BrdU的掺入允许照射后立即NSPCs能够激活S期和G2 / M期检查点，但第1小时过程中没有在G1 / S检查点之后的一个示范基因毒性应激在胎鼠大脑。我们进行了在其中的EdU已经注入在不同时间照射和BrdU后，才刚刚1小时小鼠牺牲其他的实验中，让我们特别欣赏进入S期的速度。这些实验表明，NSPC不激活G1 / S期阻滞在体内 22,23基因?...

在胚胎脑发育，在脑室区产生的大脑皮层的投射神经元中，假复层上皮的不同类型的神经干细胞和祖细胞（NS​​PC）所组成的行侧脑室。其中NSPC，径向胶质细胞（RGC），其作为神经干细胞，经过interkinetic核迁移（INM）：它们在心室和心室区的基极限的S-相的表面进行有丝分裂（VZ） 1，2,3。它们可分为两种对称地产生两个RGC或不对称，以生成一个RGC和一个神经元或中间祖细胞（IPC）的4，5。工控机迁移到上覆的增殖层称为脑室下区（SVZ），其中最后一个对称分裂后，便产生两个不成熟的投射神经元6-8。相反，研资局，IPC不进行INM（9审查）。新生成的神经元MIGR吃了径向沿径向纤维通过中间区（IZ）到达其 ​​最终目的地，皮质板（CP）10，8。所有这些事件的最佳时机是正确的皮质发育至关重要。例如从扩散切换到神经祖细胞群分化是由G1期持续时间11，12控制。 G1期的延长，细胞分化从而关联。 基因毒性应激，如电离辐射，严重危害大脑的发育（13审阅）。我们和其他人已经表明，NSPC是极易受辐射诱导的细胞凋亡14，15,16。电离辐射诱导DNA双链断裂是对增殖细胞的最严重的损害。 DNA损伤反应（DDR）的循环细胞的一个重要组成部分是细胞周期检查点在G1 / S期或G2 / M期的转换或S在激活相（内S检测点）17-21。他们阻断细胞周期进程，为DNA损伤修复或消除过于受损细胞的提供时间。因此，细胞的死亡，以及延迟细胞周期进程可能改变大脑发育响应于电离辐射曝光22-24。因此，这是有趣的，开发一种方法，以评估在NSPC细胞周期检查点在被照射的小鼠胚胎脑的活化。 在细胞周期的进展是经常随后使用的胸苷类似物，5 - 溴-2&#39;-脱氧尿苷（BrdU）标记的掺入。在细胞周期中，当DNA被复制的S期的BrdU掺入。使用针对的BrdU抗体，该抗体的允许细胞，是在S期的BrdU的脉冲期间的随后的检测。 一种新颖的胸苷类似物，5 - 乙炔基-2&#39;-脱氧尿苷（EDU）由叠氮化物的荧光检测。不同的方法来检测的EdU和乙<html> RDU不交叉反应的25，使同时检测两个胸腺嘧啶的类似物，它是细胞周期进程的研究是有用的。通常细胞却先脉冲用EdU，然后用脉冲的BrdU，其中两个法团之间的时间持续两小时25，26。在含有的EdU培养基另外的BrdU导致优先掺入的BrdU到DNA用EdU的排除，而同时加入的EdU 25与等摩尔或等摩尔的一半的BrdU向媒体结果中只BrdU掺入27。这简化了通过消除通常须从培养基中取出的第一个标签之前加入第二标记物的洗涤步骤的双标记方法。这也就是， 在体内研究中，在洗涤步骤是不可能的，以确定进入S期或细胞群体的出口处的准确定时的特别的兴趣。 吨“&gt;最近，已开发了在使用的EdU和BrdU 23，24,22胚胎小鼠大脑的双脉冲标记的方法来分析细胞周期进程和NSPC的INM后在子宫内的辐射，而且它已被证明的是，在S期，小鼠细胞首先复制常染色质区域，然后在臂间异染色质28,29,30。有趣的是，聚集在interphasic核不同染色体臂间异染色质形成异染色质灶也被称为chromocenters和DAPI染色不易察觉的亮灶。因此，常染色质和chromocenters的差的EdU和BrdU染色有助于我们分析更精确地NSPC S期的进展。 这种方法允许的明显缺乏G1 / S期检查点在NSCP 22-24，这是相当令人惊讶，因为这个检查站被认为是对基因组稳定性的关键示范。几个EXP基于对的EdU和BrdU脉冲的各种组合erimental设计已经用于分析细胞周期进程中的腹侧和背侧端脑。这里，我们给协议允许NSPC 在 E14.5小鼠胚胎的子宫内的辐照后的急性DNA损伤的前4个小时内的学习的例子。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="727">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:228px;">EdU</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">A10044</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:228px;">BrdU</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">B5002</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">5 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:228px;">IBL 637</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">CIS BIO International</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:228px;">Tissu Tek VIP</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:228px;">Microtome</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">RM 2125 RT</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:228px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:125px;">93443</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:228px;">Click-iT EdU Alexa 488 imaging kit</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">C10083</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:228px;">Anti-BrdU</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">RPN202</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1/300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:228px;">Goat anti mouse-Alex594</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">A11001</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1/400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:228px;">Fluoromount</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">SouthernBiotech</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">0100-01</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:228px;">Polysine slide</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">J2800AMNZ</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:228px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">P6148</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:228px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">20012-068</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:228px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">D9542</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:228px;">Microscope BX51</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:228px;">Confocal microscope SPE</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:228px;">Prism software</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Graphpad</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Version 5.0c</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:228px;">Photoshop software</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Adobe</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing cell cycle progression of neural stem and progenitor cells in the mouse developing brain after genotoxic stress

从不同类型的神经干细胞和祖细胞（NS​​PC），它形成一个假复层上皮衬里胚胎脑的侧脑室脑发育过程中产生的大脑皮层神经元。遗传毒性压力，如电离辐射，对发育中的大脑与NSPC的高灵敏度非常有害的影响。所涉及的细胞和分子机制的阐明依赖于这些特定类型的细胞中，DNA损伤反应，需要一个准确的方法通过细胞周期来确定受损组织NSPC进展的表征。这里显示的基础上的EdU和BrdU对孕鼠和进一步检测在胚胎大脑冠状切片这两个胸腺嘧啶核苷类似物的连续腹腔注射的方法。的EdU和BrdU都在复制细胞的DNA在S期注册成立，并通过两种不同的方法（叠氮化物或检测的特异性抗体，分别），这有利于它们的同时检测。的EdU和BrdU染色，然后在其从心室率在背端脑的标准区域距离的函数确定每个NSPC核。因此，这种双标记技术允许区分细胞，通过细胞周期进展从那些在DNA损伤反应已经激活细胞周期检查点，导致细胞周期阻滞。 实验的一个例子给出，其中的EdU被照射和BrdU前后立即注入和分析的4小时内下照射进行。这个协议提供了NSPC在细胞周期在它们已经被照射的相位的函数的急性DNA损伤反应的精确分析。这种方法是很容易的转座到许多其他系统，以确定在生物体组织上的细胞周期进展的特定治疗的影响。

在图2中描述的实验中，埃杜给药1.5小时照射和BrdU刚照射后前。四种类型的细胞，然后在1或4小时后照射制备的皮质切片区别，根据任一的EdU或的BrdU，双方或无的掺入（ 图2A和2B）。重要的是，既没有的EdU也不BrdU掺入改变辐射诱导的细胞凋亡（数据未示出）的电平。此外，该染色方法允许在S-期DNA复制过程中EDU和BrdU的唯一的检测中，而没有相应的灵敏度来检?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Cell Cycle Progression of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Developing Brain after Genotoxic Stress at JoVE.com

Assessing Cell Cycle Progression of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Developing Brain after Genotoxic Stress

胸苷两个类似物管理，埃杜和BrdU，在孕鼠允许在神经细胞和祖细胞在胚胎小鼠大脑细胞周期进程的分析。这个方法是有用的，以确定基因毒性应激，包括电离辐射，脑发育过程中的作用。

神经干细胞和祖细胞在小鼠脑开发基因毒性应激后的评估细胞周期进程

Neurons of the cerebral cortex are generated during brain development from different types of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC), which form a ...

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JoVE Journal

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Biology

Neuroscience

Cellular Processes

Cell Cycle and Division

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Time-lapse Live Imaging of Clonally Related Neural Progenitor Cells in the Developing Zebrafish Forebrain

在发展中国家斑马鱼的前脑的神经祖细胞克隆相关的定时实时成像

Precise patterns of division, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells are crucial for proper brain development and function1,2. To ...

科研

神经科学

Neural-Colony Forming Cell Assay: An Assay To Discriminate Bona Fide Neural Stem Cells from Neural Progenitor Cells

神经细胞集落形成细胞分析检测，以区分善意的神经祖细胞的神经干细胞

The neurosphere assay (NSA) is one of the most frequently used methods to isolate, expand and also calculate the frequency of neural stem cells (NSCs). ...

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

Live-cell Imaging of Sensory Organ Precursor Cells in Intact Drosophila Pupae

在完整的感觉器官前体细胞的活细胞成像果蝇蛹

Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), there has been a revolutionary change in the use of live-cell imaging as a tool for understanding ...

The Neuroblast Assay: An Assay for the Generation and Enrichment of Neuronal Progenitor Cells from Differentiating Neural Stem Cell Progeny Using Flow Cytometry

神经母细胞含量：从区分神经干细胞后代使用流式细胞仪，神经祖细胞的生成和富集含量

Neural stem cells (NSCs) can be isolated and expanded in large-scale, using the neurosphere assay and differentiated into the three major cell types of ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

从小鼠胚胎神经管的神经嵴细胞的分离和培养

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

有丝分裂中的不同发育阶段小鼠胚胎皮层实时成像

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

从人多能神经嵴前体细胞的无饲养推导干细胞

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a ...

Cell Sorting of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Live-imaging of their Cell Cycle Dynamics

神经干细胞和祖细胞来自成年小鼠脑室下区细胞分选和实时成像的细胞周期动力学

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles (SVZ) sustain olfactory neurogenesis throughout life in the mammalian brain. ...

Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations

活体影像随访单细胞追踪监测细胞生物学及多神经种群的谱系进展

Understanding the mechanisms that control critical biological events of neural cell populations, such as proliferation, differentiation, or cell fate ...

Modelling Zika Virus Infection of the Developing Human Brain In Vitro Using Stem Cell Derived Cerebral Organoids

Modelling Zika Virus Infection of the Developing Human Brain In Vitro Using Stem Cell Derived Cerebral Organoids

利用干细胞衍生脑 Organoids体外培养人脑组织 Zika 病毒感染的模拟研究

The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in susceptible populations has led to an abrupt increase in microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental conditions ...