Name: drug-induced sensitization of adenylyl cyclase: assay streamlining and miniaturization for small molecule and sirna screening applications
Uploaded: 2014-01-27T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne anerkende Mr. Richard Zink og Todd Wiernicki for metodisk træning og assay vejledning. Vi takker også Johannes Paul Spence omhyggelig læsning og redaktionelle forslag. Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institute of Health MH 060.397, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, og Eli Lilly and Company gennem Lilly Research Award Program (LRAP).

1.. Udvidelse og Kryopræservering af Assay Ready Cells <ol><li> Kultur CHO-K1-DRD 2L (CHO-D 2L) celler på en 15 cm 2 celledyrkningsskål i Hams F12 medium suppleret med 1,0 uM L-glutamin, 800 pg / pl G418 300 pg / pl hygromycin, 100 U / pl penicillin, 100 pg / pl streptomycin og 10% føtalt bovint serum (FBS). </li><li> Inkuberes cellerne ved 37 ° C i en fugtig inkubator med 5% CO2, indtil cellerne er 90-95% sammenflydende. Vask cellerne med 10 pi phosphatpufret saltvand ...

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I et forsøg på at lette undersøgelser af heterolog sensibilisering, har vi væsentligt ændret vores tidligere metode at opnå en strømlinet &quot;mix og læs&quot; format, der er amendable til high-throughput screening og virkningsmekanisme undersøgelse. De store ændringer i vores protokol kan sammenfattes som følger: 1) brug af kryopræserverede celler som &quot;assay-ready&quot; reagenser, 2) miniaturisering af analysen i 384-brønds format og 3) udnyttelse af HTRF måling af cAMP. ...

En adaptiv adenylylcyklase (AC) signalering respons kendt som heterolog-eller super-sensibilisering blev først opdaget i laboratoriet af nobelprisvinder Dr. Marshall Nirenberg. Dr. Nirenberg foreslog, at den observerede øgede AC lydhørhed efter kronisk δ opioid receptor-aktivering var en mekanisme, der er involveret i opiat tolerance og afhængighed 1. Ud over den kroniske δ opioid receptor aktivering, denne neuroadaptive reaktion AC signalering forekommer også efter vedvarende aktivering af flere andre Gαi / o-koblede receptorer 2. Især er mange af disse receptorer er forbundet med smerter, neuropsykiatriske og neurologiske sygdomme, og omfatter μ / κ opioid, D 2/4 dopamin, 5HT 1A, og M 2/4 muscarinreceptorer 2. Ud over Dr. Nirenberg resultater, eksisterer en stor mængde beviser, der forbinder sensibilisering af AC signalering til kronisk opioid receptor-aktivering både <em&gt; in vitro og in vivo 3-7. Sensibilisering af AC har også været forbundet med en række sygdomme, der involverer D 2-lignende dopaminreceptorer herunder skizofreni og Parkinsons sygdom (for en gennemgang se reference 2). På trods af den potentielle betydning af overfølsomhed, den nøjagtige mekanisme (r) er forbundet med vedvarende Gαi / o-receptor-aktivering, som fører til øget AC reaktionsevne forbliver stort set ukendt. Disse undersøgelser giver rationalet for behandlingen af ​​mekanismerne for sensibilisering af adenylylcyclase som en vigtig neurobiologiske mål. Ligeledes bør den fysiologiske relevans af AC signalering 8 og den betydning, at de enkelte AC isoformer holder i denne adaptive respons også anerkendes 2,9,10. I forbindelse med vores forskning, de generelle træk forbundet med heterolog sensibilisering af de rekombinante isoformer af AC parallelt disse kendetegn destilskrevet for at studere de endogene isoformer af AC. Konkret har tidligere forskning fundet, at aktiveringen af ​​Gαi / o proteiner og efterfølgende frigivelse / omlejring βγ subunits er vigtige krav for receptor-induceret sensibilisering af alle AC-isoformer. Derudover tyder flere undersøgelser, der signalering fra protein kinaser og Gβγ underenheder er involveret i sensibilisering 2,11-13. Individuelle ACs vise også unikke og distinkte overfølsomhedsreaktioner mønstre 12. For eksempel er vedholdende eksponering af D 2-receptorer til agonister associeret med sensibilisering af AC1 og AC8 til Ca 2 + / calmodulin stimulation 14,15, mens den nært beslægtede AC3 ikke er sensibiliseret 2. AC2, AC4 og AC7 er nært beslægtede, er imidlertid kun PKC-stimuleret AC2 aktivitet håndfast sensibiliseret efter længere tids eksponering af D 2-receptorer til agonister 7,14,16,17. Derudover AC5 og AC6 en markant grad af heterologous sensibilisering til Gas-og forskolinstimuleret cAMP akkumulering efter aktivering af D 2-receptorer 14,18-20, men ser ud til at variere i deres krav om Gβγ subunit-AC interaktioner 21. Selv om de fleste undersøgelser af AC sensibilisering har brugt model cellelinjer (f.eks HEK293 celler, der udtrykker de enkelte AC isoformer), fremgår det, at disse resultater oversætte til indfødte neuronale cellemodeller 4,22. Mere for nylig, kan virkningerne af AC isoform selektive inhibitorer med små molekyler identificeret i HEK293-celler, der udtrykker AC isoformer også oversat til in vivo adfærdsmæssige undersøgelser 23. Manglen på en identificeret molekylære mekanisme for heterologe sensibilisering sandsynligvis afspejler kompleksiteten af det adaptive respons samt de unikke regulerende egenskaber af den enkelte AC isoformer 12. Optrevling sådan kompleksitet kompliceres yderligere ved brug af besværlige metode that har begrænset akademiske efterforskere fra at ansætte upartiske tilgange. For eksempel er involveret vores tidligere mekanistiske undersøgelser brugen af løbende dyrkede cellulære modeller ved hjælp af 24 - og 48-godt vævskultur format 15. Dyrkede celler blev typisk dyrket i 48 timer og derefter udsat for agonist lægemiddelbehandling (2-18 timer), efterfulgt af en række cellevaske og inkubationer (Figur 1). AC-isoform specifik cAMP-akkumulering protokoller blev derefter anvendt efterfulgt af måling af cAMP-akkumulering ved anvendelse af en omstændelig og tidskrævende [3H] cAMP bindende metode 15,24. Varigheden fra start til slut for hvert assay, generelt i alt fire til fem dage fra celleudpladning dataanalyse (figur 1). Anvendelsen af ​​nye teknologier og automatisering har ført til markante forbedringer for overfølsomhedsreaktioner studier i industri-og HTS center indstilling. For eksempel er en gruppe, der arbejder med National Center for Chemical Genomics rapporteret et todages HTS assay procedure til at identificere småmolekyleinhibitorer af μ opioid receptor inducerede sensibilisering i 1.536-godt format 25. Nærværende artikel beskriver vores bestræbelser på at udvikle et HTS assay for studier af heterolog overfølsomhed ved hjælp af teknologier, der er tilgængelige på de fleste akademiske forskningsinstitutioner. Denne strategi blev udført ved at inkorporere anvendelsen af kryopræserverede celler fra cellemodeller heterologt udtrykker D2 dopaminreceptor i kombination med endogene eller individuelle rekombinante adenylylcyclase isoformer (CHO-D 2L eller HEK AC6 / D 2 L). For at forbedre vores gennemløb, vi redesignet vores 48 godt sensibilisering assay (ca.&gt; 20 trin over 4-5 dage) til en fem-trins, enkelt dag assay i 384-godt format, der i det væsentlige var &quot;mix og læse.&quot; Det nye format bruger en kommercielt tilgængelig homogen tid løst fluorescens (HTRF) assay til måling af cAMP accumulation i intakte celler med en multi-mode pladelæser. Assayet er robust og modtagelig for lille molekyle screening, og effektivt kan anvendes til at screene for inhibitorer af heterologe sensibilisering. Derudover leverer vi data, der tillader brug af dette assay med omvendt transfektion af siRNA for målrettet eller genom bred siRNA bibliotek screening med kun en mindre ændring i den generelle indstilling.

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			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">CHO-K1-DRD2L cells</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">DiscoveRx</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">930579C2</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Ham&#8217;s F12 media</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">SH30026fs</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">SH3007003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">G418</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">A1720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Hygromycin</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">50-230-5556</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Penicillin/ streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">15070063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">15 cm dishes</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">353025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Cell dissociation buffer</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">13150016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">10010-049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Cryovials</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">976171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Opti-MEM</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">31985070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">TC treated 384 well plates</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Perkin-Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">6007688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="66">
			<td height="66" style="height:66px;width:205px;">HTRF cAMP Dynamic 2 kit</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Cisbio Bioassays</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">62AM4PEB</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">http://www.htrf.com/camp-cell-based-assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Synergy 4</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">H4MLFPTAD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Prism 6</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">GraphPad Software</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">I5879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">(&#177;)Quinpirole</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Q111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Spiperone</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">S7395</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Clozapine</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">C6305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Haloperidol</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">H1512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">S-(-)Sulpiride</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">S112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="55">
			<td height="55" style="height:55px;width:205px;">Lipofectamine2000 transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">11668019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Trypan blue</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">T10282</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Water, DNase, RNase-free</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">821739</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Gas siRNA</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Dharmacon</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">custom siRNA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">Non-targeting siRNA control</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Dharmacon</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">D-001206-14-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:205px;">siGlo Red</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Dharmacon</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">D-001630-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

drug-induced sensitization of adenylyl cyclase: assay streamlining and miniaturization for small molecule and sirna screening applications

Sensibilisering af adenylylcyclase (AC) signalering har været impliceret i en række neuropsykiatriske og neurologiske lidelser, herunder stofmisbrug og Parkinsons sygdom. Akut aktivering af Gαi / O-bundet receptorer hæmmer AC aktivitet, mens vedvarende aktivering af disse receptorer resulterer i heterolog sensibilisering af AC og øgede niveauer af intracellulær cAMP. Tidligere undersøgelser har vist, at denne forøgelse af AC modtagelighed observeres både in vitro og in vivo efter kronisk aktivering af flere typer Gαi / O-koblede receptorer, herunder D2 dopamin og μ opioidreceptorer. Selv heterolog sensibilisering af AC blev først rapporteret fire årtier siden, den mekanisme (r), der ligger til grund for dette fænomen fortsat er stort set ukendte. Manglen på mekanistiske data formentlig afspejler kompleksiteten forbundet med denne adaptive respons, hvilket tyder på, at nonbiased tilgange kan støtte i at identificerening af de molekylære veje involveret i heterolog sensibilisering af AC. Tidligere undersøgelser har impliceret kinase og Gbγ signalering som overlappende komponenter, der regulerer det heterologe sensibilisering af AC. At identificere unikke og yderligere overlappende mål, der er forbundet med sensibilisering af AC, der er nødvendigt for at øge gennemløb udvikling og validering af en skalerbar cAMP sensibilisering assay. Tidligere fremgangsmåder til at studere overfølsomhed er generelt besværlige involverer kontinuerlig cellekultur vedligeholdelse samt en kompleks metode til måling af cAMP-akkumulering, der involverer flere vasketrin. Således vil udviklingen af ​​en robust cellebaseret assay, der kan anvendes til screening med højt gennemløb (HTS) i en 384-brønds format lette fremtidige studier. Ved hjælp af to D 2 dopamin receptor cellulære modeller (dvs.. CHO-D 2L og HEK-AC6 / D 2L), har vi konverteret vores 48-godt sensibilisering assay (&gt; 20 trin 4-5 dage) til en fem-stoe, enkelt dag assay i 384-brønds format. Denne nye format er modtagelig for lille molekyle screening, og vi vise, at dette assay design kan også let anvendes til omvendt transfektion af siRNA i forventning om målrettet siRNA bibliotek screening.

Del I. Udvikling af en 384 godt heterolog sensibilisering assay til at identificere småmolekyleinhibitorer hjælp af en kommercielt tilgængelig celle model. At studere heterolog sensibilisering i en celle model, vi foretaget en række forbedringer, som gjorde det muligt for os at strømline analysen i et &quot;mix og læs&quot; format. Flere af de vigtigste ændringer er fremhævet nedenfor og er beskrevet mere detaljeret i diskussionen. Det første afgørende skridt blev ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications at JoVE.com

Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications

Vedvarende aktivering af hæmmende G-protein-koblede receptorer resulterer i sensibilisering af adenylylcyclase signalering. At identificere de væsentlige molekylære veje, er det nødvendigt nonbiased tilgange, men denne strategi kræver udvikling af en skalerbar celle-baserede cAMP sensibilisering assay. Heri beskriver vi en sensibilisering assay for lille molekyle og siRNA screening.

Drug-induceret sensibilisering af adenylylcyclase: Assay Strømlining og Minituriasering for Small Molecule og siRNA Screening Applications

Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

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Wideband optisk detektor af ultralyd til medicinsk billedbehandling

Optical sensors of ultrasound are a promising alternative to piezoelectric techniques, as has been recently demonstrated in the field of optoacoustic ...

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications i cellebiologi og Mechanobiology

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Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics

Porøst silicium mikropartikler til levering af siRNA Therapeutics

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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles SLNs for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Solid lipidnanopartikler (SLNs) til intracellulær målretning Applications

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter ...

A Rapid and Quantitative Fluorimetric Method for Protein-Targeting Small Molecule Drug Screening

En hurtig og kvantitativ Fluorimetrisk Metode til Protein-Targeting småmolekyle Drug Screening

We demonstrate a new drug screening method for determining the binding affinity of small drug molecules to a target protein by forming fluorescent gold ...

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

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Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness ...

Preparation of Silicon Nanowire Field-effect Transistor for Chemical and Biosensing Applications

Udarbejdelse af Silicon nanotrådene Field-effekt Transistor for Kemiske og biosensorer Applications

Surveillance using biomarkers is critical for the early detection, rapid intervention, and reduction in the incidence of diseases. In this study, we ...

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Light-medieret dannelse og mønsterdannelse af hydrogeler til celledyrkningsapplikationer

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In ...

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Udvinding af Plant-baserede Kapsler til Microencapsulation Applications

Microcapsules derived from plant-based spores or pollen provide a robust platform for a diverse range of microencapsulation applications. Sporopollenin ...

Applications for Open Source Microplate-Compatible Illumination Panels

Applikationer til Open Source-Mikroplade kompatible belysnings paneler

Microplates are commonly used in the modern laboratory environment for a wide variety of tasks both in small-scale laboratory benchtop operations as well ...