Name: an improved method for accurate and rapid measurement of flight performance in drosophila
Uploaded: 2014-02-13T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

这项工作是由美国国立卫生研究院支持的授予F32 NS078958（DTB）和R01 AG033620（BG）。

1。组装测试飞行<ol><li>安全飞行缸环站1用链钳。 （留约3厘米的圆柱体重量菜的下面。） （注：飞行汽缸我们用90厘米长，直径13.5厘米）。 </li><li>插入称量皿上一薄层矿物油的飞行筒的下方。 </li><li>安全漏斗环站2使用环钳爪和钳。调整漏斗的高度，使得漏斗的底部是与飞行圆筒的顶部齐平。 （注：该漏斗的前端的直径必须小于放入滴管，使得小瓶不会掉下通过小瓶的外径）。 </li><li>插...

<ol>
	<li>Benzer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+dissection+of+behavior.">Genetic dissection of behavior.</a> Sci. Am. 229, 24-37 (1973).</li><li>Ali, Y. O., Escala, W., Ruan, K., Zhai, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assaying+locomotor,+learning,+and+memory+deficits+in+Drosophila+models+of+neurodegeneration.">Assaying locomotor, learning, and memory deficits in Drosophila models of neurodegeneration.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e2504 (2011).</li><li>de Vries, S. E., Clandinin, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optogenetic+Stimulation+of+Escape+Behavior+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Optogenetic Stimulation of Escape Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e50192 (2013).</li><li>Mundiyanapurath, S., Certel, S., Kravitz, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+aggression+in+Drosophila+(fruit+flies).">Studying aggression in Drosophila (fruit flies).</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e155 (2007).</li><li>Nichols, C. D., Becnel, J., Pandey, U. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+to+assay+Drosophila+behavior.">Methods to assay Drosophila behavior.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e3795 (2012).</li><li>Shiraiwa, T., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proboscis+extension+response+(PER)+assay+in+Drosophila.">Proboscis extension response (PER) assay in Drosophila.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e193 (2007).</li><li>Lloyd, T. E., Taylor, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flightless+flies:+Drosophila+models+of+neuromuscular+disease.">Flightless flies: Drosophila models of neuromuscular disease.</a> Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1184, e1-e20 (2010).</li><li>Atkinson, N. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+separation+of+two+behavioral+phenotypes+by+a+mutation+affecting+the+promoters+of+a+Ca-activated+K+channel.">Molecular separation of two behavioral phenotypes by a mutation affecting the promoters of a Ca-activated K channel.</a> J. Neurosci. 20, 2988-2993 (2000).</li><li>Atkinson, N. S., Robertson, G. A., Ganetzky, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+component+of+calcium-activated+potassium+channels+encoded+by+the+Drosophila+slo+locus.">A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila slo locus.</a> Science. 253, 551-555 (1991).</li><li>Elkins, T., Ganetzky, B., Wu, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Drosophila+mutation+that+eliminates+a+calcium-dependent+potassium+current.">A Drosophila mutation that eliminates a calcium-dependent potassium current.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 8415-8419 (1986).</li><li>Gargano, J. W., Martin, I., Bhandari, P., Grotewiel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+iterative+negative+geotaxis+(RING):+a+new+method+for+assessing+age-related+locomotor+decline+in+Drosophila.">Rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING): a new method for assessing age-related locomotor decline in Drosophila.</a> Exp. Gerontol. 40, 386-395 (2005).</li><li>Fry, S. N., Rohrseitz, N., Straw, A. D., Dickinson, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visual+control+of+flight+speed+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Visual control of flight speed in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 212, 1120-1130 (2009).</li><li>Mronz, M., Lehmann, F. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+free-flight+response+of+Drosophila+to+motion+of+the+visual+environment.">The free-flight response of Drosophila to motion of the visual environment.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 211, 2026-2045 (2008).</li></ol>

使用这里介绍的方法，我们已经能够快速评估大量的果蝇突变体的飞行性能，提供比以前更高的效率。对于我们的实验中，我们经常分开的男性和女性，并提高他们在密度低（小于20苍蝇/瓶），以限制攻击可能会破坏翅膀。另一个重要的考虑是控制适当的，由于遗传背景的差异在飞行性能上的差异。我们还发现它有助于让苍蝇至少24小时的麻醉与二氧化碳在飞行试验之前恢复。另外，苍蝇?...

果蝇一直被用来研究行为1的遗传基础，而且研究人员已经设计出多种方法来分析不同类型的行为2-6。苍蝇一直在提供神经肌肉疾病7的有用模型特别有用。用来研究自发行为的普遍分析是飞行性能。原飞航测试仪是用于识别飞行缺陷突变体和对飞行能力1量化考核有用的，但它有几个缺点，限制了它的高通量筛选应用：采用涂油气缸是凌乱和繁琐，某些功能如气缸和介绍的苍蝇入管具有可变的力的长度减少量化精度，以及它是很难从测试仪恢复活苍蝇。为了克服这些限制，我们修改了飞行测试，包括了一些改进。我们增加了一个“降恩被“引入果蝇消除实验和用户之间的可变性，我们使用涂有粘合剂，其允许更容易清洗和个人蝇恢复可拆卸的压克力板，我们已经增加了飞行管的长度，以提高定量精度和可靠性。最后，我们使用数码相机和成像软件计算苍蝇降落的高度，我们相信这些改进将是有益的兴趣在飞行性能缺陷进行大规模遗传筛选任何实验室。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="704">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Putty knife</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">630147</td>
			<td style="width:185px;"><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Pine back band moulding ( x2 )</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">156469</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Furring Strip Board</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">164704</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Tangle Trap Insect Trap Coating</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">BioControl Network</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">268941</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.biconet.com">www.biconet.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Laptop Computer </td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Apple</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.apple.com/mac/">www.apple.com/mac/</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">BP26291</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">white poster board</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Staples</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">247403</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.staples.com">www.staples.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polystyrene weighing dish</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S67091A</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ImageJ Software</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td>http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">digital camera</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">DSC-TX7</td>
			<td style="width:185px;"><a href="http://www.store.sony.com">www.store.sony.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com">www.finescience.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polycarbonate cylinder (drop tube)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">8585K62</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">flight cylinder (acrylic)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">8486K943</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polycarbonate sheets</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">85585K25</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ring stand (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S47808</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ring support</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S47791</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Three-prong extension clamps (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">05-769-7Q</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">funnel</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">10-500-3</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">chain clamps (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">21573-275</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.vwr.com">www.vwr.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">glass vials</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">66020-198</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.vwr.com/">www.vwr.com</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved method for accurate and rapid measurement of flight performance in drosophila

果蝇已经被证明是对行为的分析，一个有用的模型系统，包括飞行。在初始飞行测试涉及的滴飞入的油包覆的量筒;降落高度产生足够的推力，使其与圆筒的内壁接触之前提供通过评估多远苍蝇落入飞行性能的量度。在这里，我们描述了飞行测试仪有四个重大改进的更新版本。首先，我们增加了一个“落管”，以确保所有的苍蝇进入飞行圆柱体试验之间类似的速度，用户之间消除了变异。其次，我们与涂在缠结陷阱，旨在捕捉活虫粘合剂可拆卸的塑料片代替油涂层。第三，我们使用一个较长的气缸以使飞行能力更精确鉴别。第四，我们使用数码相机和成像软件，可以自动飞行性能得分。这些改进允许说唱ID，的飞行行为的定量评估，对于大型数据集和大规模遗传筛选有用的。

<html> 图1A示出了更新后的航班仪组件的示意图。 图1B示出的轨道设计允许相机拍摄的全景图像而不阻塞的视野。代表性的结果示于图2，其中slowpoke突变体果 ​​蝇，它具有已知的飞行缺陷8-10的飞行性能，进行比较，野生型广-S苍蝇。控制苍蝇一贯降落靠近圆筒的顶部，与个体之间的非常小的扩散和73±2.0厘米平均降落高度。相比之下?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila

这里，我们描述了一种用于飞行性能果蝇快速和准确的测量，从而实现高通量筛选。

在对飞行性能的准确，快速测定方法的改进<em&gt;果蝇</em

Drosophila has proven to be a useful model system for analysis of behavior, including flight. The initial flight tester involved dropping flies into an ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila

Pyrosequencing: A Simple Method for Accurate Genotyping

焦磷酸测序：一个准确的基因分型的简单方法

Pharmacogenetic research benefits first-hand from the abundance of information provided by the completion of the Human Genome Project. With such a ...

科研

生物学

A Magnetic Tether System to Investigate Visual and Olfactory Mediated Flight Control in Drosophila

一个磁性的系绳系统，以调查在果蝇的视觉和嗅觉介导的飞行控制

It has been clear for many years that insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals track odors carried in the wind. ...

Visually Mediated Odor Tracking During Flight in Drosophila

在果蝇的飞行过程中可视介导的气味追踪

Flying insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals additionally track odors carried in the wind. As such, visual ...

An Improved Method of RNA Isolation from Loblolly Pine (P. taeda L.) and Other Conifer Species

An Improved Method of RNA Isolation from Loblolly Pine P. taeda L. and Other Conifer Species

的RNA分离方法的改进火炬松（ P。火炬松 L）和其他针叶树种

Tissues isolated from conifer species, particularly those belonging to the Pinaceae family, such as loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), contain high ...

Endurance Training Protocol and Longitudinal Performance Assays for Drosophila melanogaster

Endurance Training Protocol and Longitudinal Performance Assays for Drosophila melanogaster

果蝇的耐力训练协议和纵向性能检测

One of the most pressing problems facing modern medical researchers is the surging levels of obesity, with the consequent increase in associated disorders ...

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

寿命测量<em&gt;果蝇</em

Aging is a phenomenon that results in steady physiological deterioration in nearly all organisms in which it has been examined, leading to reduced ...

An Innovative Method for Exosome Quantification and Size Measurement

对于外来体定量和尺寸测量新方法研究

Although the biological importance of exosomes has recently gained an increasing amount of scientific and clinical attention, much is still unknown about ...

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

代谢率的测量<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;使用呼吸运动

Metabolic disorders are a frequent problem affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate metabolism is a crucial ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

核酸的分离过滤：一种简单快速的DNA提取方法

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

混合式切割：用于顽拗植物组织样品的改进切法

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...