Name: an improved method for accurate and rapid measurement of flight performance in drosophila
Uploaded: 2014-02-13T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institutes of Health tilskud F32 NS078958 (DTB), og R01 AG033620 (BG).

1.. Saml Flight Tester <ol><li> Secure Flight cylinder til Ring Stand 1 ved hjælp af kæde klemmer. (Efterlad cirka 3 cm under cylinder til veje skålen.) (Bemærk: Flyvningen cylinder vi bruger, er 90 cm lang med en diameter på 13,5 cm.) </li><li> Indsæt vejes skålen med et tyndt lag af mineralsk olie under flyvningen cylinder. </li><li> Sikker tragt til Ring Stand 2 ved hjælp af en ring klemme og klo klemme. Juster højden af ​​tragten, således at bunden af ​​tragten flugter med toppen af ​​...

<ol>
	<li>Benzer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+dissection+of+behavior.">Genetic dissection of behavior.</a> Sci. Am. 229, 24-37 (1973).</li><li>Ali, Y. O., Escala, W., Ruan, K., Zhai, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assaying+locomotor,+learning,+and+memory+deficits+in+Drosophila+models+of+neurodegeneration.">Assaying locomotor, learning, and memory deficits in Drosophila models of neurodegeneration.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e2504 (2011).</li><li>de Vries, S. E., Clandinin, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optogenetic+Stimulation+of+Escape+Behavior+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Optogenetic Stimulation of Escape Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e50192 (2013).</li><li>Mundiyanapurath, S., Certel, S., Kravitz, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+aggression+in+Drosophila+(fruit+flies).">Studying aggression in Drosophila (fruit flies).</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e155 (2007).</li><li>Nichols, C. D., Becnel, J., Pandey, U. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+to+assay+Drosophila+behavior.">Methods to assay Drosophila behavior.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e3795 (2012).</li><li>Shiraiwa, T., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proboscis+extension+response+(PER)+assay+in+Drosophila.">Proboscis extension response (PER) assay in Drosophila.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , e193 (2007).</li><li>Lloyd, T. E., Taylor, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flightless+flies:+Drosophila+models+of+neuromuscular+disease.">Flightless flies: Drosophila models of neuromuscular disease.</a> Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1184, e1-e20 (2010).</li><li>Atkinson, N. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+separation+of+two+behavioral+phenotypes+by+a+mutation+affecting+the+promoters+of+a+Ca-activated+K+channel.">Molecular separation of two behavioral phenotypes by a mutation affecting the promoters of a Ca-activated K channel.</a> J. Neurosci. 20, 2988-2993 (2000).</li><li>Atkinson, N. S., Robertson, G. A., Ganetzky, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+component+of+calcium-activated+potassium+channels+encoded+by+the+Drosophila+slo+locus.">A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila slo locus.</a> Science. 253, 551-555 (1991).</li><li>Elkins, T., Ganetzky, B., Wu, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Drosophila+mutation+that+eliminates+a+calcium-dependent+potassium+current.">A Drosophila mutation that eliminates a calcium-dependent potassium current.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 8415-8419 (1986).</li><li>Gargano, J. W., Martin, I., Bhandari, P., Grotewiel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+iterative+negative+geotaxis+(RING):+a+new+method+for+assessing+age-related+locomotor+decline+in+Drosophila.">Rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING): a new method for assessing age-related locomotor decline in Drosophila.</a> Exp. Gerontol. 40, 386-395 (2005).</li><li>Fry, S. N., Rohrseitz, N., Straw, A. D., Dickinson, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visual+control+of+flight+speed+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Visual control of flight speed in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 212, 1120-1130 (2009).</li><li>Mronz, M., Lehmann, F. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+free-flight+response+of+Drosophila+to+motion+of+the+visual+environment.">The free-flight response of Drosophila to motion of the visual environment.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 211, 2026-2045 (2008).</li></ol>

Hjælp af de metoder der er beskrevet her, har vi været i stand til hurtigt at vurdere flyvning udførelsen af en lang række Drosophila mutanter, hvilket giver større effektivitet end hidtil muligt. For vores eksperimenter, vi rutinemæssigt adskille mænd og kvinder og hæve dem ved lav densitet (mindre end 20 fluer / hætteglas) at begrænse aggression, der kan skade vinger. En anden vigtig overvejelse er at kontrollere ordentligt for forskelle i flyvning ydeevne på grund af forskelle i genetisk baggrund....

Drosophila har længe været brugt til at studere det genetiske grundlag for adfærd 1, og forskere har udtænkt en række måder at analysere forskellige former for adfærd 2-6. Fluer har været særligt nyttige til at give brugbare modeller af neuromuskulære lidelser 7. En fælles analyse anvendes til at undersøge lokomotorisk adfærd er flyveegenskaber. Den oprindelige flyvning testeren er nyttig til at identificere flyvning mutanter og kvantitativ vurdering søgning evne 1, men det har flere mangler, som begrænser dens anvendelse til high throughput skærme: brugen af olieovertrukne cylindre er rodet og besværligt, visse funktioner såsom længden af ​​cylinderen og indførelse af fluer ind i røret med variabel kraft reducere kvantitativ nøjagtighed, og det er vanskeligt at genvinde levende fluer fra testeren. For at overvinde disse begrænsninger, har vi ændret flyvningen testeren til at omfatte en række forbedringer. Vi har tilføjet en &quot;drop tuvære &quot;at indføre fluer at fjerne variation mellem eksperimenter og brugere. Vi bruger flytbare acrylplader belagt med et klæbemiddel, der giver mulighed for lettere oprydning og genopretning af de enkelte fluer. Vi har øget længden af ​​flyvningen røret for at forbedre kvantitativ nøjagtighed og pålidelighed. Endelig vi bruge et digitalt kamera og billedbehandling software til at beregne landing højder af fluer. Vi mener, at disse forbedringer vil være nyttigt at alle laboratorier interesseret i at gennemføre genetiske skærme storstilede for defekter i flyveegenskaber.

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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Putty knife</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">630147</td>
			<td style="width:185px;"><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Pine back band moulding ( x2 )</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">156469</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Furring Strip Board</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">164704</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.homedepot.com">www.homedepot.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Tangle Trap Insect Trap Coating</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">BioControl Network</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">268941</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.biconet.com">www.biconet.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Laptop Computer </td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Apple</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.apple.com/mac/">www.apple.com/mac/</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">mineral oil</td>
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			<td style="width:132px;">BP26291</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">white poster board</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Staples</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">247403</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.staples.com">www.staples.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polystyrene weighing dish</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S67091A</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ImageJ Software</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td>http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/</td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">digital camera</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">DSC-TX7</td>
			<td style="width:185px;"><a href="http://www.store.sony.com">www.store.sony.com</a></td>
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			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">_</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.finescience.com">www.finescience.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polycarbonate cylinder (drop tube)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">8585K62</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">flight cylinder (acrylic)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">8486K943</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">polycarbonate sheets</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">mcMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">85585K25</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.mcmaster.com">www.mcmaster.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ring stand (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S47808</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">ring support</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">S47791</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">Three-prong extension clamps (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">05-769-7Q</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">funnel</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">10-500-3</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fishersci.com">www.fishersci.com</a></td>
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		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">chain clamps (x2)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">21573-275</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.vwr.com">www.vwr.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:216px;">glass vials</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">66020-198</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.vwr.com/">www.vwr.com</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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an improved method for accurate and rapid measurement of flight performance in drosophila

Drosophila har vist sig at være en nyttig model for analyse af adfærd, herunder flyvning. Den indledende flyvning tester involveret droppe flyver ind i en olie-belagt måleglas, landing højde forudsat en foranstaltning søgning ydeevne ved at vurdere, hvor langt fluer vil falde, før de producerer nok stak at komme i kontakt med væggen af ​​cylinderen. Her beskriver vi en opdateret version af flyvningen tester med fire store forbedringer. Først, vi tilføjet en &quot;drop tube&quot; for at sikre, at alle fluer ind flyvningen cylinder på et tilsvarende hastighed mellem forsøg, fjerne variation mellem brugerne. For det andet, vi erstattet olie-coating med aftagelige plastplader belagt i Tangle-Trap, et klæbemiddel designet til at fange levende insekter. For det tredje, bruger vi en længere cylinder at muliggøre en mere præcis diskrimination søgning evne. Fjerde vi bruge et digitalt kamera og imaging software til at automatisere scoring søgning ydeevne. Disse forbedringer giver mulighed for rapid, kvantitativ vurdering søgning adfærd, nyttigt til store datasæt og genetiske skærme store.

<html> Figur 1A viser skematisk den opdaterede flyvning testeren forsamling. 1B illustrerer sporet design giver kameraet til at tage et panoramabillede uden at blokere synsfeltet. Repræsentative resultater er vist i figur 2, når flyvningen ydeevne Slowpoke mutant fluer, som har en kendt fly defekt 8-10, er i forhold til vild-type Canton-S fluer. Kontrol flyver konsekvent lander nær toppen af ​​cylinderen, med meget lidt spredning melle...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila

Her beskriver vi en fremgangsmåde til hurtig og nøjagtig måling af flyveegenskaber i Drosophila, så high-throughput screening.

En forbedret metode til nøjagtig og hurtig måling af Flight Performance i<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Drosophila has proven to be a useful model system for analysis of behavior, including flight. The initial flight tester involved dropping flies into an ...

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An Improved Method for Accurate and Rapid Measurement of Flight Performance in Drosophila

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