Name: measurement and analysis of atomic hydrogen and diatomic molecular alo, c2, cn, and tio spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown
Uploaded: 2014-02-14T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takke Mr. JO Hornkohl for renter og debat om beregning af diatomiske molekylær line styrker. Dette arbejde er delvist støttet af Center for Laser Applications på University of Tennessee Space Institute.

1.. Optical System Setup <ol><li> Placer en stråledeler ved afgangen fra laseren, så 1.064 nm bølgelængde lys at passere igennem og for at afspejle alle andre forbigående laserstråling i en stråle dump. </li><li> Placer en højhastigheds-PIN-fotodiode detektor til at optage en del af laserstrålingen reflekteres fra stråledeleren. Forbind denne detektor til oscilloskopet med koaksialkabel til at overvåge den optiske puls med hensyn til udløsning af funktionen generator og forekomst af Q-switching i Nd: YAG l...

<ol>
	<li>Miziolek, A. W., Palleschi, V., Schechter, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. , (2006).</li><li>Cremers, D. E., Radziemski, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Handbook of laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. , (2006).</li><li>Singh, J. P., Thakur, S. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. , (2007).</li><li>Hahn, D. W., Omenetto, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy+(LIBS),+Part+I:+review+of+basic+diagnostics+and+plasma-particle+iterations:+still-challenging+issues+within+the+analytical+plasma+community.">Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: review of basic diagnostics and plasma-particle iterations: still-challenging issues within the analytical plasma community.</a> Appl. Spectrosc. 64, (2010).</li><li>Hahn, D. W., Omenetto, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy+(LIBS),+Part+II:+review+of+instrumental+and+methodological+approaches+to+material+analysis+and+applications+to+different+fields.">Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Part II: review of instrumental and methodological approaches to material analysis and applications to different fields.</a> Appl. Spectrosc. 66, 347 (2012).</li><li>Parigger, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atomic+and+molecular+emissions+in+laser-induced+breakdown+spectroscopy.">Atomic and molecular emissions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.</a> Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 79, 4-16 (2013).</li><li>Konjevi&#263;, N., Lesage, A., Fuhr, J. R., Wiese, W. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Stark+widths+and+shifts+for+spectral+lines+of+neutral+and+ionized+atoms.">Experimental Stark widths and shifts for spectral lines of neutral and ionized atoms.</a> J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 31, 819-927 (2002).</li><li>Oks, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stark+broadening+of+hydrogen+and+hydrogen-like+spectral+lines+in+plasmas:+the+physical+insight.">Stark broadening of hydrogen and hydrogen-like spectral lines in plasmas: the physical insight.</a> Alpha Science Int. , (2006).</li><li>Parigger, C. G., Dackman, M., Hornkohl, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-resolved+spectroscopy+measurements+of+hydrogen-alpha,+-beta,+and+-gamma+emissions.">Time-resolved spectroscopy measurements of hydrogen-alpha, -beta, and -gamma emissions.</a> Appl. Opt. 47, (2008).</li><li>Parigger, C. G., Oks, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+Balmer+series+spectroscopy+in+laser-induced+breakdown+plasmas.">Hydrogen Balmer series spectroscopy in laser-induced breakdown plasmas.</a> Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 1, 13-23 (2010).</li><li>Lucena, A. D., Tobaria, L. M., Laserna, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+challenges+and+insights+in+the+detection+and+spectral+identification+of+organic+explosives+by+laser+induced+breakdown+spectroscopy.">New challenges and insights in the detection and spectral identification of organic explosives by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.</a> Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 66 (1), 12-20 (2011).</li><li>Swafford, L. D., Parigger, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+hydrogen+Balmer+Series+lines+following+laser-induced+optical+breakdown+in+laboratory+air.">Measurement of hydrogen Balmer Series lines following laser-induced optical breakdown in laboratory air.</a> Accepted, Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 4 (1), (2013).</li><li>Hornkohl, J. O., Nemes, L., Parigger, C. G., Nemes, L., Irle, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spectroscopy+of+Carbon+Containing+Diatomic+Molecules.">Spectroscopy of Carbon Containing Diatomic Molecules.</a> Spectroscopy, Dynamics and Molecular Theory of Carbon Plasmas and Vapor. , 113-165 (2011).</li><li>Parigger, C., Hornkohl, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diatomic+molecular+spectroscopy+with+standard+and+anomalous+commutators.">Diatomic molecular spectroscopy with standard and anomalous commutators.</a> Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 1, 25-43 (2010).</li><li>Parigger, C. G., Hornkohl, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computation+of+AlO+emission+spectra.">Computation of AlO emission spectra.</a> Spectrochim. Acta Part A. 81, 404-411 (2011).</li><li>Hermann, J., Peronne, A., Dutouquet, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+TiO-&#947;+System+for+temperature+measurements+in+laser-induced+plasma.">Analysis of the TiO-&#947; System for temperature measurements in laser-induced plasma.</a> J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 153-164 (2001).</li><li>Woods, A. C., Parigger, C. G., Hornkohl, J. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurements+and+analysis+of+titanium+monoxide+spectra+in+laser-induced+plasma.">Measurements and analysis of titanium monoxide spectra in laser-induced plasma.</a> Opt. Lett. 37, 5139-5141 (2012).</li><li>Witte, M. J., Parigger, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+and+analysis+of+carbon+Swan+spectra+following+laser-induced+optical+breakdown+in+air.">Measurement and analysis of carbon Swan spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown in air.</a> Accepted, Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 4 (1), (2013).</li><li>Surmick, D. M., Parigger, C. G., Woods, A. C., Donaldson, A. B., Height, J. L., Gill, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+emission+Spectra+of+Aluminum+Monoxide+in+a+Solid+Propellant+Flame.">Analysis of emission Spectra of Aluminum Monoxide in a Solid Propellant Flame.</a> Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 3 (2), 2-137 (2012).</li><li>Woods, A. C., Parigger, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-resolved+Temperature+Inferences+Utilizing+the+TiO+A3&#966;&#8594;X3&#916;+Band+in+Laser-induced+Plasma.">Time-resolved Temperature Inferences Utilizing the TiO A3&#966;&#8594;X3&#916; Band in Laser-induced Plasma.</a> Int. Rev. Atom. Mol. Phys. 3 (2), 103-111 (2012).</li></ol>

Tiden løst måling protokol og repræsentative resultater er diskuteret yderligere her. Det er vigtigt at synkronisere laserpulser, der genereres med en hastighed på 10 Hz, med 50 Hz frekvens på den intensiverede lineære diode array og OMA (eller ICCD). Endvidere er afgørende præcis timing af laserpulser og åbning af porten af ​​den intensiverede lineære diode array (eller alternativt ICCD). Bølgegeneratoren, er anført i den eksperimentelle skematiske, anvendes til at synkronisere laserpulser og intensiver...

Laser-induceret opdeling spektroskopi (LIBS) teknikker 1-5 få ansøgninger i atomar 6-12 og molekylære studier af plasma 13-20 genereret med laserstråler. Tidsopløst spektroskopi er afgørende for bestemmelse af transiente egenskaber plasma. Temperatur-og elektron densitet, for blot at nævne to plasma parametre kan måles, over en rimelig teoretisk model af plasma opdeling er tilgængelig. Adskillelse af fri-elektron stråling fra atomare og molekylære emissioner giver os mulighed for præcist at udforske forbigående fænomener. Ved at fokusere på en bestemt tidsmæssig vindue, kan man &quot;fryse&quot; plasma forfald og derved opnå nøjagtige spektroskopiske fingeraftryk. LIBS har en bred vifte af applikationer, og for nylig interesse i LIBS-diagnostik viser en betydelig stigning målt ved antallet af forskere der offentliggør i marken. Pico-og femtosekund genereret mikroplasmabue er løbendeforskningsmæssig interesse, men historisk eksperimentelle LIBS arrangementer udnytter nanosekund laserstråler. Figur 1 viser en typisk eksperimenterende arrangement til laser-induceret opdeling spektroskopi. Til denne protokol, den funktionelle opdeling energi til den oprindelige stråle er på rækkefølgen af ​​75 mJ puls, ved den infrarøde bølgelængde af 1.064 nm. Denne puls energi kan justeres efter behov. . Plasmaet spredt af spektrometer og måles med en intensiveret lineær diode array og OMA eller alternativt afbildet på en intensiveret 2-dimensional Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) Figur 2 illustrerer timing diagram for tidsopløste eksperimenter: synkronisering af pulserende laserstråling med udlæsning laserpuls udløser, laser brand, og gate-open forsinkelse. Vellykket tidsopløst spektroskopi kræver forskellige kalibreringsprocedurer. Disse procedurer omfatter bølgelængdekalibrering tilbagejorden korrektion, og vigtigst, følsomhed korrektion af detektoren. Følsomhed er korrigerede data er vigtige til sammenligning af den målte og modellerede spektre. For en stigning på signal-til-støj-forhold, der er optaget flere laserinducerede opdeling begivenheder.

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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">Custom Box</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">UTSI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">None</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Signal divider and conditioner. An oscilloscope can be used in place of this</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;"></td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">Four Channel Digital Delay/Pulse Generator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Stanford Research Systems, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model DG535</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Tequipment, diyAudio</td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">Four Channel Color Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Tektronix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TDS 3054</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">500 MHz - 5 GS/sec, Companies: Amazon, Tektronix, Fluke, Agilent Technologies, Pico Technology</td>
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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:216px;">Wavetek FG3C Function Generator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Wavetek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FG3C</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Tequipment, Stanford Research Systems, BK Precision</td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">Nd:YAG Laser</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Quanta-Ray</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DCR-2A(10) PS</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Laser radiation, Class IV.&#160; Companies: Lambda Photometrics, Continuum, Ellipse, Newport</td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">Si Biased Detector</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DET10A/M</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">200-1,100 nm, with ND10A reflective filter. Companies: Canberra, Edmund Optics</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Nd:YAG Laser Line Mirror, 1,064 nm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NB1-K13</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Edmund Optics, Newport</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">1 in Fused Silica Bi-Convex Lens, uncoated</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SBX031</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Edmund Optics, Thorlabs</td>
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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:216px;">2 in Fused Silica Plano-Convex lens, uncoated</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Newport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SPX049</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Convex lens, f/4.&#160; Companies: Edmund Optics, Thorlabs</td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">Spectrograph</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Instruments S.A. division Jobin-Yvon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HR 640</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Andor, Newport, Horiba</td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">Manual and electronic controller for Spectrograph</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Instruments S.A. division Jobin-Yvon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 980028</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Manual and electronic controller for Spectrograph</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Mega 4000</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Mega</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 129709</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Computer interface for Spectrograph</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Gateway 2000 Crystal Scan 1024 monitor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gateway</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PMV14AC</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Monitor for computer interface</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
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			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">20 MHz Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BK Precision</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 2125</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Amazon, Tektronix, Fluke, Agilent Technologies, Pico Technology</td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">6040 Universal Pulse Generator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 6040</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Agilent Technologies, Tektronix, Quantum Composers</td>
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		<tr height="100">
			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">Separate component to 6040 Universal Pulse Generator</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 202 H</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Separate component to 6040 Universal Pulse Generator</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;"></td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">ICCD Camera</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EG&#38;G Parc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 46113</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Companies: Andor, Standford Computer Optics, LaVision, Hamamatsu</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;"></td>
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			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:216px;">OMA III</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EG&#38;G Parc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 1460</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Spectral data acquisition and analysis. Unit discontinued, replaced by software installed on computers.</td>
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measurement and analysis of atomic hydrogen and diatomic molecular alo, c2, cn, and tio spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown

I dette arbejde, vi præsenterer tidsopløste målinger af atomare og diatomiske spektre efter laser-induceret optisk opdeling. En typisk LIBS arrangement anvendes. Her arbejder vi en Nd: YAG-laser med en frekvens på 10 Hz ved fundamentale bølgelængde af 1.064 nm. De 14 nsec pulser med anenergy på 190 mJ / puls er fokuseret på et 50 um spot størrelse til at generere en plasma fra optisk sammenbrud eller laser ablation i luften. Den mikroplasmabue er afbildet på indgangsslidsen af ​​en 0,6 m spektrometer, og spektre er optaget ved hjælp af en 1.800 riller / mm rist en intensiveret lineær diode array og optisk multikanalanalysator (OMA) eller en ICCD. Af interesse er Stark-udvidet atomare linjer af brint Balmer-serien til at udlede elektron tæthed. Vi har også uddybe temperaturmålinger fra diatomiske emission spektre af aluminium-oxid (AlO), kulstof (C 2), cyanogen (CN), og titanium kulilte (TiO). De eksperimentelle procedurer omfatter wavelength og følsomhed kalibreringer. Analyse af den optagede molekylære spektre opnås ved montering af data med tabellerede styrker linjer. Desuden er Monte Carlo typen simuleringer udført for at estimere fejlmargener. Tidsopløste målinger er afgørende for forbigående plasma almindeligt stødt på LIBS.

LIBS benytter pulserende laser stråling i tilstrækkelig ionisere en prøve til dannelse af plasma. Laser-induceret nedbrydning af forurenende stoffer vil skabe plasma, der er centreret omkring den centrale region af exciteringsstrålen, mens laserablation på faste overflader vil producere plasma over prøvens overflade. Plasmaet genereres ved at fokusere den optiske stråling på størrelsesordenen 100 GW / cm 2 for nanosekund opdeling impulser. Til fremstilling af laserablation plasma, typisk 1 GW / cm <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown at JoVE.com

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Tidsopløste atomare og diatomiske molekylarter måles ved hjælp af LIBS. Spektrene opsamles på forskellige tidsforsinkelser efter frembringelsen af ​​optisk opdeling plasma med Nd: YAG laser stråling og analyseres for at udlede elektron tæthed og temperatur.

Måling og analyse af Atomic Brint og diatomiske Molekylær AlO, C<sub&gt; 2.</sub&gt;, CN, og TiO Spectra flg. Laser-induceret Optisk Fordeling

In this work, we present time-resolved measurements of atomic and diatomic spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown. A typical LIBS arrangement ...

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Engineering

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue

Laser-induceret Fordeling spektroskopi: En ny tilgang til Nanopartikel kortlægning og kvantificering i Organ Tissue

Emission spectroscopy of laser-induced plasma was applied to elemental analysis of biological samples. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) ...

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Kvantificering af Hydrogen Koncentrationer i Surface og Interface-Lag og Bulk Materials gennem Dybde Profilering med kernereaktion Analysis

Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) via the resonant 1H(15N,&#945;&#947;)12C reaction is a highly effective method of depth profiling that quantitatively and ...

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

Laser-induceret Forward Overførsel af Ag Nanopasta

Over the past decade, there has been much development of non-lithographic methods1-3 for printing metallic inks or other functional materials. Many of ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Optisk Trap Loading af Dielektrisk mikropartikler i Air

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

In Situ Højt tryk brint tribologiske afprøvning af fælles Polymer materialer i brint levering infrastruktur

High pressure hydrogen gas is known to adversely affect metallic components of compressors, valves, hoses, and actuators. However, relatively little is ...

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Atomare lag aflejring af Vanadium kuldioxid og en temperatur-afhængige optisk Model

Vanadium dioxide is a material that has a reversible metal-insulator phase change near 68 &#176;C. To grow VO2 on a wide variety of substrates, with ...

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Kvantitativ analyse af vakuum induktion smeltning af Laser induceret nedbrydnings spektroskopi

Vacuum induction melting is a popular method for refining high purity metal and alloys. Traditionally, standard process control in metallurgy involves ...

Method Development for Contactless Resonant Cavity Dielectric Spectroscopic Studies of Cellulosic Paper

Metodeudvikling for kontaktfri resonans hulrum dielektriske spektroskopiske undersøgelser af celluloseholdigt papir

The current analytical techniques for characterizing printing and graphic arts substrates are largely ex situ and destructive. This limits the amount of ...

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

Måling af Chladni-tilstandsfigurer med optisk løftestangmetode

Quantitatively determining the Chladni pattern of an elastic plate is of great interest in both physical science and engineering applications. In this ...

Fabrication of a Fabry-P&#233;rot Etalon for Application in Trace-Gas Spectroscopy

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-P&#233;rot Etalon

Fremstilling af en billig, fiberkoblet og luftfordelt Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Fabry-P&#233;rot etalons (FPE) have found their way into many applications. In fields such as spectroscopy, telecommunications, and astronomy, FPEs are ...