Name: demonstrating a multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis amplification microarray
Uploaded: 2014-04-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institutes of Health (NIH) under tilskud RC3 AI089106. MDR-TB nukleinsyrer blev leveret af De Forenede Nationers Børnefond / United Nations Development Programme / Verdensbanken / World Health Organization særlige program for forskning og uddannelse i tropesygdomme (TDR), Genève, Schweiz. Vi takker Dr. Tom Shinnick af det amerikanske Centers for Disease Control og Forebyggelse for vejledning om de specifikke gener og mutationer at medtage i prototypen analysen.

For laboratorier, der følger universelle PCR forholdsregler, er det driftsmæssigt mere effektiv til at omfatte flere amplifikationsprodukter microarrays og pakninger pr substrat og vaske alle forstærkningsmetoder microarrays samtidig i en bulk container, som beskrevet her. Forbrugsstoffer formater er tilgængelige for at udføre post-forstærkningsmetoder microarray vasketrin i en helt forseglet, lukket amplikon test, som rapporteret andetsteds 30,33. 1.. Opsætning <ol><li> ...

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Omfanget af multiplexing med en forstærkning microarray sidste ende dikteret af effektiviteten af ​​multiplex asymmetrisk PCR, ikke microarray. Det er vores erfaring, kan 10-12 unikke primerpar let multiplex i en forstærkning microarray-format. Konventionelle primer og probe design kriterier gælder derfor for nye assays, bortset fra at man også må overveje mulige interaktioner mellem opløsningsfase-nukleinsyrer og immobiliserede microarray prober, den termiske virkningsgrad af termiske cykler, og probehybridis...

Tidlig opsporing af tilfælde og hurtig behandling der betragtes som de mest effektive bekæmpelsesstrategier til at reducere Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission 1, og der er nu bred enighed i TB samfund, et point of care (POC) eller i nærheden af POC test til samtidigt at diagnosticere TB og resistens (DR) er nødvendig. Teknologier såsom Cepheid s GeneXpert og andre nukleinsyreamplifikation test reducere tiden til diagnose for mange TB-patienter og tilvejebringe en hurtig udlæsning angiver resistens over for rifampin eller valgte mutationer, der giver resistens over for andre første eller anden linje lægemidler 2. Selv realtid og thermo nukleinsyreamplifikation tests er designet til at identificere drug resistente mutationer, der fører til MDR-TB, spektret af mutationer de opdager ofte er utilstrækkelig til at designe en individualiseret medicin regime svarende til resistens profil af patienten, og tekniske begrænsninger i forholdtil optisk cross-talk eller kompleksiteten af amplifikations og rapportering kemi 3-7 Maj begrænse antallet af loci eller mutationer, der opdages. Således er detektionsteknologier med højere multiplexing kapacitet, der kræves for at løse kendte huller i MDR-TB POC diagnostik. Microarrays og WHO-godkendt Hain line probeassays kan løse &quot;multiple gen, flere mutationer&quot; udfordring at diagnosticere MDR-TB 8-29. Desværre er disse hybridisering-baserede, multiplexede detektion platforme benytter multistep, kompliceret, og open-amplicon protokoller, der kræver væsentlig uddannelse og erfaring på molekylære teknikker. Forstærkningen microarray 30 var designet til at løse nogle af disse microarray work-flow og operationelle bekymringer. De forenklede fluidstyrede principper er at uddybe, hybridisere, og opdage nukleinsyremål inden for en enkelt mikrofluid kammer. Brugeren indfører nukleinsyre-og amplifikationsprodukter master blandes i en strømningsteknisk kammer med en pipette og starter termisk cykling protokollen. Batch forarbejdningsmetode er vist her, er microarrays efterfølgende vasket i bulk-opløsning, tørret og afbildes. Denne undersøgelse viser funktionaliteten af en forstærkning microarray ved hjælp af en MDR-TB microarray test for rpoB (30 mutationer), katG (2 mutationer), inhA (4 mutationer), rpsL (2 mutationer), embB (1 mutation), IS1245, IS6110 , og en intern forstærkning og hybridisering kontrol. Mindst én matchede par af microarray sonder (vildtype (WT) og enkelt-nukleotid mutant (MU)) er medtaget for hver mutation af interesse. Rensede nukleinsyrer fra multiresistent M. tuberkulose er fra TDR Tuberkulose Strain Bank 31. Gel element microarrays fremstilles på glas substrater ved copolymerisation væsentlige som beskrevet andetsteds 32, bortset fra at vi bruger 4% monomer og 0,05 mM hver sonde i polymeriztion blanding. Arrays er omgivet med en 50 ml pakning før anvendelse. Efter termisk cykling, hybridisering og vasketrin er amplifikationsprodukter microarrays afbildet på en Akonni bærbar analysator. Baggrund-korrigeret, integrerede signalintensiteter fås fra rå. Tif billeder ved hjælp af en fast cirkel algoritme. Støj for hver gel element beregnes som tre gange standardafvigelsen af ​​de lokale spot baggrunde. Genmål opfattes typisk som påvises i signal-støjforholdet (SNR) værdier ≥ 3. For at bestemme tilstedeværelsen eller fraværet af en specifik mutation i hvert gen eller codon er en diskriminant beregnede forhold fra SNR værdier som (WT-MU) / (WT + MU). Diskriminant forhold &lt;0 er indikative for et lægemiddel-resistens-mutation ved locuset, mens forhold&gt; 0 er indikative for vildtypesekvensen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">MDR-TB amplification microarrays, with applied gasket and pre-cut cover slips</td>
			<td>Akonni Biosystems</td>
			<td>Inquire</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Multiplex PCR kit, containing 2X PCR buffer with HotStar Taq plus</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>#206143</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Taq polymerase</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>#201207</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">RNAse-free water</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>#206143&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Formamide</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>#BP227-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">20 mg mL-1 non-acetlyated bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>#3B6917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">5X concentrated MDR-TB primer mix</td>
			<td>Akonni Biosystems</td>
			<td>Inquire</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">500 fg uL-1 amplification and inhibition control</td>
			<td>Akonni Biosystems</td>
			<td>Inquire</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">20X SSPE</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>#BP1328-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>#BP151-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Disinfecting Spray&#160;</td>
			<td>Current Technologies, Inc.</td>
			<td>#BRSPRAY128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">70% Isopropyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Decon Labs, Inc.</td>
			<td>#8416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Equipment</td>
			<td>Company&#160;</td>
			<td>Catalog Number&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Microarray imager, with automated image and data analysis software</td>
			<td>Akonni Biosystems</td>
			<td>100-20011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Thermal cycler with flat block insert</td>
			<td>Akonni Biosystems</td>
			<td>100-10021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">High-throughput wash station and slide holder</td>
			<td>ArrayIt</td>
			<td>HTW</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Dissecting forceps</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>#10-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Mini Vortexer</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>#3365040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Mini-centrifuge</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>#93000-196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Airbrush Compressor Kit</td>
			<td>Central Pneumatic</td>
			<td>#95630</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

demonstrating a multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis amplification microarray

Forenkling microarray workflow er et nødvendigt første skridt for at skabe MDR-TB microarray-baseret diagnostik, som kan anvendes rutinemæssigt i lavere ressource-miljøer. En forstærkning microarray kombinerer asymmetrisk PCR forstærkning, valg af mål størrelse, target mærkning og microarray hybridisering inden for en enkelt løsning, og i en enkelt mikrofluid kammer. Et parti forarbejdningsmetode demonstreres med en 9-plex asymmetrisk mester mix og low-density gel element microarray til genotypebestemmelse multiresistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Den her beskrevne protokol kan være afsluttet i 6 timer og give korrekte genotypebestemmelse med mindst 1.000 celleækvivalenter af genomisk DNA. Integrering af on-chip vasketrin er muligt, hvilket vil resultere i en helt lukket amplikon fremgangsmåde og system. Omfanget af multiplexing med en forstærkning microarray sidste ende begrænset af antallet af primerpar, der kan kombineres i en enkelt master mix og stadig opnå den ønskede følsomhed og specificitet effektivitetsmålinger, snarere end antallet af prober, der er immobiliseret på array. Ligeledes kan den samlede analyse forkortes eller forlænges afhængigt af den specifikke tilsigtede anvendelse, forskning spørgsmål, og ønskede detektionsgrænser. Ikke desto mindre er den generelle tilgang betydeligt strømliner microarray workflow for slutbrugeren ved at reducere antallet af manuelt intensive og tidskrævende procestrin, og giver en forenklet biokemisk og mikrofluid vej for at omsætte microarray-baseret diagnostik i rutinemæssig klinisk praksis.

Kvalitativ billedanalyse kan give indsigt i kilder til eksperimentel støj eller variation, der er udfordrende at identificere i datatabeller genereret af automatiseret billedanalyse software. Således kan det være nyttigt at visuelt konstatere, at 1) alle gel elementer er intakte og ubeskadigede, 2) den globale baggrund er fri fra fluorescerende artefakter, der kan påvirke de enkelte signal støjforhold (SNR) værdier til, 3) der er ingen beviser for bobledannelse eller uensartet amplifikation / hybridisering på tv?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray at JoVE.com

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

En forstærkning microarray kombinerer asymmetrisk PCR-amplifikation og microarray hybridisering i et enkelt kammer, som i væsentlig grad effektiviserer microarray workflow for slutbrugeren. Forenkling microarray workflow er et nødvendigt første skridt for at skabe microarray-baseret diagnostik, som kan anvendes rutinemæssigt i lavere ressource-miljøer.

Demonstration af en multiresistent<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Forstærkning Microarray

Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating MDR-TB microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex for First and Second Line Drugs by Broth Dilution in a Microtiter Plate Format

The rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance is important in the effort to control the increase in resistant Mycobacterium 
tuberculosis (Mtb). ...

Sample Preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extracts for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomic Studies

Sample Preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extracts for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomic Studies

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality in human beings on a global scale. The emergence of both multi- (MDR) and extensively-(XDR) ...

Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biofilms

Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biofilms

Vækst af Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biofilm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, has an extraordinary ability to survive against environmental stresses including ...

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Protein misfoldning Cyklisk Amplifikation af Prioner

Prions  are infectious agents that cause the inevitably fatal transmissible spongiform  encephalopathy (TSE) in animals and humans9,18. The prion protein ...

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

En eksperimentel model til at studere tuberkulose-Malaria coinfektion på Natural Transmission af Mycobacterium tuberculosis Og Plasmodium berghei</i

Coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. Concurrent infections most likely modulate the ...

A Novel Microdissection Approach to Recovering Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific Transcripts from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Lung Granulomas

A Novel Microdissection Approach to Recovering Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific Transcripts from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Lung Granulomas

A Novel microdissection tilgang til Recovering<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Specifikke Udskrifter fra Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Lung Granulomer

Microdissection has been used for the examination of tissues at DNA, RNA, and protein levels for over a decade. Laser capture microscopy (LCM) is the most ...

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

En 3D Menneskelig Lung Tissue Model for Funktionelle Undersøgelser om<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Infektion

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us ...

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

System til Effekt og cytotoksicitet Screening af inhibitorer Målretning Intracellulær<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread ...

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

En High-throughput Kompatibel Assay at evaluere Drug Effekt mod makrofag passeres<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

The early drug development process for anti-tuberculosis drugs is hindered by the inefficient translation of compounds with in vitro activity to ...

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analyse af 18FDG PET/CT billeddannelse som et redskab til at studere Mycobacterium tuberculosis infektion og behandling i ikke-menneskelige primater

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the number one infectious agent in the world today. With the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, new clinically ...