Name: in vivo imaging of optic nerve fiber integrity by contrast-enhanced mri in mice
Uploaded: 2014-07-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice at JoVE.com

是支持的威卢克斯基金会的AK是支持的奥本海姆基金会和相对湿度。我们感谢一Krumbein球形的技术和K.普德进行组织学支持，和J.施密特（莱布尼茨研究所神经生物学，马格德堡，德国）就TIMM染色技术咨询。

所有动物的干预按照欧洲公约动物保护实验动物和使用以及ARVO声明在眼科和视觉研究用动物进行的。所有的实验都是由当地伦理委员会批准。对损伤的小鼠中的程序是在别处9所述。 1，玻璃体内注射锰<ol><li>执行中Mn 2 +注射24小时的MR扫描与助手的帮助之前。腹腔注射5％水合氯醛溶液（420-450毫克/千克体重在无菌PBS中）麻醉动物。有关其他局部?...

<ol>
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视觉系统的MEMRI延伸常规神经生物学技术的幼稚和病理条件下评估功能。除了 ​​提供独特的洞察到一个孤立的中枢神经纤维束的完整性，这种成像方法可以很容易地辅以行为测试， 例如 ，验光和视觉水性任务，调查一个给定的范例视觉感知的直接后果。它还连接电生理和病理调查与体内功能的视觉表征。该技术是高度可靠和可重复使用相同的内群体未成年人的个体差异（参见<stro...

基于其良好的神经解剖结构的啮齿动物视觉系统提供了独特的机会，以评估药物的化合物和它们的能力，调解神经保护1或促再生作用2,3。此外，它允许对小鼠突变体的功能及神经解剖特点的研究，如最近列举的缺乏突触前支架蛋白巴松管4只小鼠。此外，辅助工具的广谱提供了额外的视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）和RGC轴突数量，以及研究资助局的活动， 如为特色，通过电图和行为测试，和皮质重排由内在信号光学成像的决心。在激光显微镜的最新技术发展在视神经（ON）和脑整装标本深部组织荧光成像使在研资局再生原位可视化。在这种histologiCal的方法，基于四氢呋喃组织清算与光片荧光显微镜组合允许单纤维的分辨率，重新进入deafferented ON和视束5。虽然这种技术可能是决心和意志的增长模式优越，他们不使个人成长活动，这是特别理想，以评估长期再生的过程中重复和纵向分析。 对比增强MRI已用于小鼠和大鼠6,7的眼膜，顶盖投影的微创可视化。这可以通过直接的眼内递送顺磁离子（ 如 Mn 2 +的）的视网膜细胞来实现。作为钙类似物，Mn 2 +的结合到RGC胞体通过电压门控钙通道，并沿着完整ON和视束的轴突细胞骨架的主动转运。虽然它积聚在脑细胞视觉投影， 即在外侧膝状体（LGN）和上丘（SC），跨突触传播到初级视觉皮层出现8,9可以忽略不计，虽然它可能会出现10,11。在MR测序，顺Mn 2 +的增强磁共振造影主要是通过缩短Ŧ1自旋-晶格弛豫时间12。该Mn 2 +增强磁共振成像（MEMRI）已在大鼠的各种神经解剖和功能的研究，包括轴突再生和变性受伤13,14后的评估中得到成功应用，将眼膜-顶盖突起15的精确解剖标测，以及轴突转运特性的药物治疗16后的决心。在剂量，毒性和神经元Mn 2 +的吸收和运输，以及改进的MRI方案动力学近期的改进已经扩大其应用到转基因研究9小鼠用3特斯拉的扫描仪在临床实践17常用。 在这里，我们提出了适用于纵向一MEMRI协议在鼠标眼膜-顶盖投影的体内成像和评估天真和各种神经退行性变的条件下Mn 2 +的依赖性信号增强体现了它的适用性。我们的协议的地方特别强调磁共振数据采集在一个温和的3个T磁场通常比动物专用扫描仪更加方便。在天真的小鼠中，我们说明了如何系特有的信号强度可以大大而重复地成为后玻璃体（ivit）Mn 2 +的应用增加。定量，Mn 2 +的传播沿着视觉投影独立地发生正常的老化过程（3和26个月大的小鼠之间测得）和增强是难治的视觉刺激和适应黑暗。与此相反，锰<s高达&gt; 2 +富集丘脑和中脑中心是减少急性上挤压伤18以及在NFKB1敲除小鼠（P50 KO）从自发凋亡RGC的死亡和ON变性19痛苦。因此，在扩大传统的组织学分析，动物个体的纵向MEMRI分析，可以为神经变性过程的独特的动力学分析。这应该证明与药物或基因干预相关的神经保护和轴突再生的研究很有用。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="934">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Manganese (II) chloride solution 1M</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M1787</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">MEMRI contrast reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Conjuncain</td>
			<td>Dr. Mann Pharma, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PZN 7617666</td>
			<td>0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Floxal eye drops</td>
			<td>Dr. Mann Pharma, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PZN 3820927</td>
			<td>3 mg/ml ofloxacin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ointment panthenol</td>
			<td>Jenapharm, Jena, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PZN 3524531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chloral hydrate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C8383</td>
			<td>420-450 mg/kg body weight</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Actavis, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PZN 7253744</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hamilton syringe&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Hamilton Company, Reno, NV, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7634-01</td>
			<td>SYR 5 &#181;l, 75 RN, no NDL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">34 G&#160; needle (34/35/pst4/tapN)</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Hamilton Company, Reno, NV, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">207434/00</td>
			<td>removable needle RN, 34 gauge, lenght 38.1 mm, point style 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Binocular Stemi-2000</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;"></td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3T MRI scanner Magnetom TIM Trio</td>
			<td colspan="2">Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rat head coil</td>
			<td>Doty Scientific Inc., Columbia, SC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse holder</td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Red light lamp</td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:363px;">Frozen section medium NEG-50</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6502</td>
			<td>tissue embedding for cryo-sections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:363px;">Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">106346</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:184px;">for sulfide perfusion&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S &#215; 9 H2O)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">208043</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">gum arabic</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Roth, Arlesheim, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4159</td>
			<td rowspan="5">for TIMM staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Hydroquinone (C6H6O2)</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Roth, Arlesheim, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3586</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Citric acid (C6H8O7)</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Roth, Arlesheim, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6490</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Tri-sodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7 x 2H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">106448</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:363px;">Silver nitrate (AgNO3)</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Roth, Arlesheim, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7908</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo imaging of optic nerve fiber integrity by contrast-enhanced mri in mice

啮齿动物视觉系统包含形成视神经进入丘脑和中脑中心和突触后投射到视觉皮层的视网膜神经节细胞和它们的轴突。基于其独特的解剖结构和便利的交通，它已成为青睐的结构对神经元的存活，轴突再生，突触可塑性研究。在MR成像的最新发展，使体内使用的可视化介导锰对比度增强（MEMRI）这款投影的眼膜，顶盖部分。在这里，我们提出了一个MEMRI协议说明视觉投影在小鼠中，其中（200微米）3分辨率可以使用常见的3特斯拉的扫描仪来实现的。我们将演示如何玻璃体腔注射15纳摩尔的MnCl 2单剂量导致24小时内完整投影的饱和增强。与异常的视网膜，改变信号强度都INDEPEN凹痕恰逢视觉刺激或生理老化。我们还应用此技术来监测纵向轴索变性响应急性视神经损伤，范式其中Mn 2 +的运输完全逮捕的病变部位。相反，有源Mn 2 +的传输是定量相称的生存能力，数量和轴突纤维的电活动。对于这样的分析，我们举例说明的Mn 2 +转运动力学以及在转基因小鼠模型（NF-κBp50的KO）显示的感官自发萎缩，包括视觉，突出视觉路径。在这些小鼠中，MEMRI表示减少，但不会延迟Mn 2 +的传输相比，野生型小鼠，从而通过NF-κB突变揭示的结构和/或功能障碍的迹象。 综上所述，方便MEMRI桥梁体内试验和验尸组织学的characterizati对神经纤维的完整性和活性。它是在轴突变性和再生，突变小鼠真正的或可诱导的表型调查纵向研究是非常有用的。

这种成像技术的准确评估视觉投影的活力和功能的能力依赖于一个无毒的Mn 2 +的用量精准应用的玻璃体，其吸收的视网膜神经节细胞。这主要假设在图1中，其中层具体Mn 2 +的摄取证明了自显影技术（TIMM染色）21进行测试。视网膜节，在24小时后，无论是15纳摩尔或150纳摩尔的Mn 2 +，或PBS作为对照的ivit的应用进行了分析。在该时间点时，Mn 2 +<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice at JoVE.com

In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice

该视频演示了一种方法，利用临床3个T的扫描仪，对天真的鼠标视觉投影对比增强磁共振成像和重复性和纵向体内视神经病变的研究，急性视神经挤压伤和慢性视神经变性相关敲除小鼠（P50 KO）。

在视神经纤维通过诚信小鼠对比增强MRI 活体成像

The rodent visual system encompasses retinal ganglion cells and their axons that form the optic nerve to enter thalamic and midbrain centers, and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice

Methods for Experimental Manipulations after Optic Nerve Transection in the Mammalian CNS

在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统视神经横断后的实验操作方法

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. The optic nerve can be ...

科研

神经科学

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

小鼠视网膜神经节细胞的转染在体内电穿孔

The targeting and refinement of RGC projections to the midbrain is a popular and powerful model system for studying how precise patterns of neural ...

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

使用超声波血脑屏障破坏和锰增强MRI的脑功能成像

Although mice are the dominant model system for studying the genetic and molecular underpinnings of neuroscience, functional neuroimaging in mice remains ...

Fiber-optic Implantation for Chronic Optogenetic Stimulation of Brain Tissue

光纤植入慢性Optogenetic刺激脑组织

Elucidating patterns of neuronal connectivity has been a challenge for both clinical and basic neuroscience. Electrophysiology has been the gold standard ...

High-resolution In Vivo Manual Segmentation Protocol for Human Hippocampal Subfields Using 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

High-resolution In Vivo Manual Segmentation Protocol for Human Hippocampal Subfields Using 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging

高分辨率<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;使用3T磁共振成像手动分割协议为人类海马子字段

The human hippocampus has been broadly studied in the context of memory and normal brain function and its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders has ...

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System

同时<em&gt;体外</em两个由视网膜&gt;功能测试<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;电图系统

An In vivo electroretinogram (ERG) signal is composed of several overlapping components originating from different retinal cell types, as well as noise ...

Visual Evoked Potential Recording in a Rat Model of Experimental Optic Nerve Demyelination

在实验视神经脱髓鞘模型大鼠视觉诱发电位记录

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to ...

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem

高分辨率结构磁共振人类皮质下的成像<I&gt;在体内</I&gt;与死亡

The focus of this study was to test the resolution limits of structural MRI of a postmortem brain compared to living human brains. The resolution of ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

体内基因转移到雪旺细胞在啮齿动物坐骨神经电穿孔

The formation of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous ...

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

体内新生小鼠皮层神经元的双光子成像

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging ...