Name: recording single neurons' action potentials from freely moving pigeons across three stages of learning
Uploaded: 2014-06-02T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning at JoVE.com

Denne forskning blev støttet af tilskud fra den tyske Research Foundation (DFG) til MCS (FOR 1581 STU 544/1-1) og OL (FOR 1581 SFB 874). Hjemmesiden for DFG er http://www.dfg.de/en/index.jsp. De finansieringskilderne havde ingen rolle i studie design, dataindsamling og-analyse, beslutning om at offentliggøre, eller forberedelse af manuscript.The Forfatterne takker Thomas Seidenbecher til at forsyne os med guldbelægning protokol samt Tobias Otto hjælp til opsætning af elektrofysiologiske kontrolapparatet.

Etiske retningslinjer Alle forsøg blev udført i overensstemmelse med de tyske retningslinjer for pasning og anvendelse af dyr i videnskaben. Reglerne blev godkendt af en national etisk komité i staten Nordrhein-Westfalen, Tyskland. System oversigt Operant Test Chamber Den operant kammer (figur 1) måler 34 cm x 34 cm x 50 cm. Tre gennemskinnelige respons nøgler (4 cm x 4...

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Denne protokol beskriver en kompleks adfærdsmæssig opgave er egnet til samtidige single-unit optagelser. Vi har beskrevet SIFC opgave for duer, men det kan nemt tilpasses til gnavere ved at kræve næse stikker eller løftestang trykke snarere end centrale Tønde, og erstatte visuel af olfaktoriske, auditive eller taktile stimuli. Måske den mest kritiske trin under proceduren uddannelse er 1) gradvis reduktion af belønning sandsynlighed og 2) stigning i forsøg nummer. Med hensyn til int...

Lære nye stimulus-respons-outcome foreninger engagerer en bred vifte af neurale plasticitet processer. Disse processer er afspejles i sidste ende skiftende spike produktion af individuelle neuroner. Velsagtens en af ​​de hyppigst anvendte læring paradigmer er pavlovsk frygt condition udført med gnavere. I denne indstilling, køb og udryddelse af en betinget reaktion finde sted inden for et par dusin forsøg 2. Den hurtige udvikling af konditioneret frygt kan være fordelagtigt, fordi det giver mulighed for at køre et stort antal dyr inden for en kort tid. Også, kan observeres erhvervelse og udslettelse inden for et par snese forsøg med en enkelt dag i naive dyr 3,4 eller spredt over 2 til 3 dage 2,5-8. Imidlertid fik indsigt om ændringerne af neural aktivitet under læring i disse eksperimenter ikke nødvendigvis gælder uden for området af frygt condition. For eksempel målrettet adfærd drevet af positivetive forstærkning mere fyldestgørende modelleret af operant snarere end Pavlovs condition procedurer, og kan til dels afhænge af forskellige neurale substrater 9,10. Også frygt condition udvikler sig så hurtigt, at neurale reaktioner på CS kun kan observeres i et par dusin forsøg placere alvorlige grænser for analysen af ​​ændringer i neural aktivitet under indlæring. Desværre, erhvervelse og udslettelse af operant reagerer normalt tager mange dage. Dette er skadeligt for neurofysiologiske undersøgelser, fordi det er notorisk vanskeligt at optage aktiviteten af ​​enkelte celler i mere end nogle få timer. Grund af den høje lighed mellem de bølgeformer af ekstracellulært indspillede virkningspotentialer, er det problematisk at hævde, at spikes er optaget på én dag er genereret ud fra den samme celle som spikes med lignende kurver optaget på den næste 11,12, især i områder med høj celletæthed såsom hippocampus. <p class=&quot;Jove_content&quot;&gt; For at løse disse problemer, vi udviklet en ny adfærdsmæssige paradigme udnytte 3 læringsbetingelserne inden for en eksperimentel session på en enkelt dag. Dette kræver, at forsøgsdyret er villig til at udføre hundredvis af forsøg under forskellige forhold på en tynd tidsplan for forstærkning. Brevduer (Columbia livia forma domestica) er klassiske modelorganismer i eksperimentel psykologi 13-17. Disse fugle er i stand til at udføre komplekse visuelle forskelsbehandling 18, kan fleksibelt tilpasse adfærd til skiftende forstærkning uforudsete 19,20, og er entydigt ivrig arbejdstagere, der udfører 1.000 forsøg med minimal mængde af armering. Disse egenskaber gør dem særligt egnede til de nedenfor beskrevne forsøg.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:277px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:325px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Resistance wire (for use as electrodes)</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">California Fine Wire, Grover Beach (CA), USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stablohm 675; formvar-coated nichrome wires (outer diameter 25 &#181;m)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Microconnectors</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Ginder Scientific, Nepean, Ontario, Canada</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>GS18PLG-220 (plug) &#38; GS18SKT-220 (socket to build headstage)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Cannulae</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Henke Sass Wolf, Tuttlingen, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>0.4x20mm/ 27Gx3/4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Gold solution for plating</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Neuralynx, Bozeman (MT), USA</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>SIFCO Process Gold Non-Cyanide, Code 5355</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Solution for ultrasonic bath</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Alconox, Inc., New York, USA</td>
			<td style="width:325px;">1304</td>
			<td>Tergazyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Conductive glue</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Henkel Loctite</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>LOCTITE 3888 Silver filled, conductive, adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Stainless steel screws</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">J.I. Morris, Southbridge (MA), USA</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>F0CE125 self-tapping miniature screws, body length 1/8 inches</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Light-curing dental cement</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">van der Ven Dental, Duisburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>Omniceram Evo Flow A2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Light-curing unit</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">van der Ven Dental, Duisburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>Jovident Excelled 215 Curing Light (wireless LED light curing unit)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Filter amplifiers</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">npi electronic GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>DPA-2FS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">A/D converter</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK</td>
			<td>power 1401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:277px;">Spike2 software</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>Version 7.06a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:277px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:305px;">The Mathworks, Natick (MA), USA</td>
			<td style="width:325px;"></td>
			<td>R2012a</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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recording single neurons' action potentials from freely moving pigeons across three stages of learning

Mens emnet læring har tiltrukket stor interesse fra både adfærdsmæssige og neurale videnskabsfolk har kun relativt få efterforskere observeret enkelt neuron aktivitet, mens dyrene henter et operantly betinget reaktion, eller når dette svar er slukket. Men selv i disse tilfælde, observationsperioder normalt omfatter kun en enkelt etape af læring, dvs erhvervelse eller udslettelse, men ikke begge (undtagelser omfatter protokoller beskæftiger tilbageførsel læring se Bingman m.fl. 1 for et eksempel.). Men køb og udslettelse medføre forskellige mekanismer læring og forventes derfor at være ledsaget af forskellige typer og / eller loci af neural plasticitet. Derfor har vi udviklet en adfærdsmæssig paradigme, som institutter tre stadier af læring i en enkelt adfærdsmæssige session og som er velegnet til samtidig optagelse af enkelte neuroner &#39;handling potentialer. Dyr enre uddannet på et enkelt interval tvunget valg opgave, som kræver kortlægning hver af to mulige valg reaktioner på præsentationen af ​​forskellige nye visuelle stimuli (køb). Efter at have nået en forudbestemt ydelse kriterium, en af ​​de to choice svarmuligheder ikke længere styrkes (ekstinktion). Efter en vis formindskelse i præstationsniveau, er korrekte svar forstærket igen (generhvervelse). Ved hjælp af et nyt sæt af stimuli i hver session, kan dyrene gennemgå købet-udslettelse-generhvervelse proces flere gange. Da alle tre stadier af læring sker i en enkelt adfærdsmæssige session paradigmet er ideel til den samtidige observation af spiking output af flere enlige neuroner. Vi bruger duer som modelsystemer, men opgaven kan nemt tilpasses til andre arter er i stand til betinget indlæring diskrimination.

Behavior Figur 4A viser adfærdsmæssige resultater af et dyr i et eksempel session. Niveauet af dyret ydeevne når kriterium for NS 2 inden for 180 forsøg (45 stimulus præsentationer) og er tæt på 100% for NS 1 fra begyndelsen. Denne strategi - først reagerer på den samme nøgle til både nye stimuli, og derefter justere svar til en af ​​de stimuli - er omtrent lige så ofte observeret som indledende tilfældig reagere på begge NS. I denne session blev NS 2 tilfæld...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning at JoVE.com

Recording Single Neurons' Action Potentials from Freely Moving Pigeons Across Three Stages of Learning

Optagelse Single Neurons &#39;virkningspotentialer fra Frit Moving Duer Across tre stadier af læring

Lære nye stimulus-respons foreninger indgreb med en bred vifte af neurale processer, der i sidste ende afspejles i skiftende spike produktion af individuelle neuroner. Her beskriver vi en adfærdsmæssig protokol giver mulighed for løbende registrering af enkelt neuron aktivitet, mens dyr erhverve, slukke, og generhverve en betinget svar inden for en enkelt eksperimentel session.

While the subject of learning has attracted immense interest from both behavioral and neural scientists, only relatively few investigators have observed ...

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High-density EEG Recordings of the Freely Moving Mice using Polyimide-based Microelectrode

Electroencephalogram (EEG) indicates the averaged electrical activity of the neuronal populations on a large-scale level. It is widely utilized as a ...

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograd fluorescensmærkning Tillader Målrettet Extracellular Single-unit Optagelse fra Identificerede Neuroner<em&gt; In vivo</em

The overall goal of this method is to record single-unit responses from an identified population of neurons. In vivo electrophysiological recordings from ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Optisk registrering af suprathreshold neurale aktivitet med enkelt-celle-og single-spike opløsning

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

Samtidig optagelse af Elektroretinografi og Visual evoked potentials i bedøvede rotter

The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) are commonly used to assess the integrity of the visual pathway. The ERG measures the ...

Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method

Optagelse af EEG i frit bevægende neonatale rotter ved hjælp af en ny metode

EEG is a useful method to detect electrical activity in the brain. Moreover, it is a widely used diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, such ...

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a Freely Moving Rat

Samtidige optagelser af kortikale lokale felt potentialer, elektrokardiogram, Electromyogram og vejrtrækning rytmen fra en frit bevægende rotte

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls ...

Noninvasive EEG Recordings from Freely Moving Piglets

Noninvasiv EEG optagelser fra frit flytte smågrise

The method allows the recording of high-quality electroencephalograms (EEGs) from freely moving piglets directly in the pigpen. We use a one-channel ...

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Mikrodalyse af excitatoriske aminosyrer under EEG optagelser i frit flytte rotter

Microdialysis is a well-established neuroscience technique that correlates the changes of neurologically active substances diffusing into the brain ...

Hybrid Microdrive System with Recoverable Opto-Silicon Probe and Tetrode for Dual-Site High Density Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Hybrid Micro drive system med genvindes opto-Silicon Probe og tetrode for dual-site high density optagelse i frit bevægende mus

Multi-regional neural recordings can provide crucial information to understanding fine-timescale interactions between multiple brain regions. However, ...

Multi-Fiber Photometry to Record Neural Activity in Freely-Moving Animals

Multi fiber fotometri til registrering af neurale aktiviteter i frit bevægende dyr

Recording the activity of a group of neurons in a freely-moving animal is a challenging undertaking. Moreover, as the brain is dissected into smaller and ...