Name: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a new approach for nanoparticle's mapping and quantification in organ tissue
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue at JoVE.com

作者衷心的Labex-内蒙科大承认的财政支持。

1，生物样品制备 所有在本研究中所描述的实验的CECCAPP（法国里昂）（授权＃LYONSUD_2012_004）的动物护理和使用委员会批准，并在实验授权的个人（L. Sancey，DDPP授权＃的监督下进行38 05 32）。 <ol><li>新增1对H 2 O毫升至100微摩尔钆（Gd）为基础纳米粒子，等待15分钟，然后加入20微升的HEPES 50 mM时，氯化钠1.325 M， 氯化钙 20毫米至100微升H 2 O和...

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Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 21, 19-25 (2006).</li><li>Seeley, E. H., Caprioli, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+imaging+by+mass+spectrometry:+a+new+frontier.">3D imaging by mass spectrometry: a new frontier.</a> Analytical chemistry. 84, 2105-2110 (2012).</li><li>Pornwilard, M. -. M., Weiskirchen, R., Gassler, N., Bosserhoff, A. K., Becker, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+bioimaging+techniques+of+metals+by+laser+ablation+inductively+coupled+plasma+mass+spectrometry+for+diagnosis+of+fibrotic+and+cirrhotic+liver+disorders.">Novel bioimaging techniques of metals by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for diagnosis of fibrotic and cirrhotic liver disorders.</a> PloS one. 8, (2013).</li><li>Cremers, D. A., Radziemski, L. 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应用于生物样品，该技术允许化学成像， 即钆和Si从不同器官注射钆为基础的纳米粒子的映射和量化。从主关键设置，激光特性（波长，脉冲能量，聚焦，和稳定性）的控制是要精确和微细组织消融（ 即映射分辨率）以及灵敏度的关键。工作在高能量提供了一个更好的灵敏度，但遗憾的是产生退化的空间分辨率。此外，使用光谱仪的类型必须仔细检查。基本上，一个宽带的调查（例...

纳米粒子的生物应用的广阔的发展要求为他们的量化和成像生物样品中的分析技术同步提高。通常在器官纳米颗粒的检测和映射是由荧光或共聚焦显微镜进行。不幸的是这些方法中所需要的纳米颗粒的通过近红外线的染料，可以修改该纳米颗粒的生物分布，尤其是对于由于其疏水特性非常小的纳米颗粒标记。标记的纳米颗粒，特别是非常小的纳米粒子（粒径&lt;10纳米）的检测，因此可能与他们的干扰生物分布在全身的规模，而且在组织和细胞水平。中能检测纳米粒子没有任何标签的新设备的开发提供了自己的行为和动力学研究新的可能性。此外，微量元素，如铁和铜中脑的作用毛病的ð神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默1，门克斯2,3，或威尔逊4表明兴趣来研究和定位在组织中这些元素。 各种技术已被用来提供不同材料的元素映射或微量分析。在2006年发表的综述文章，R. Lobinski 等，提供在生物环境中，最具挑战性的环境中进行分析科学5中的一个元素微量可用标准技术的概述。电子探针，其由在透射电子显微镜能量分散型X-射线微量分析的，可以应用于大量的研究，如果该元素的浓度是足够的（&gt; 100-1000微克/克）。为了达到更低的检出限，下面的技术已被用来： <ul><li>利用离子束微探针粒子激发X射线发射μ-PIXE（1-10微克/克）6 </li><li>同步chrotron微量辐射μ-SXRF（0.1-1微克/克）7 </li><li>二次离子质谱（SIMS 0.1微克/克）8 </li><li>激光烧蚀电感耦合质谱LA-ICP-MS（下降到0.01微克/克）9,10 </li></ul>上述技术提供了微米级的分辨率，如图从Lobinski 等中提取的表1中 。 串行2D调查三维重建也可提出深层组织11重建。然而，所有的设备和系统的要求都合格的专业人员，中度至高度昂贵的设备和持久的实验（通常多于4小时的100微米×100微米μ-SXRF和10毫米×10毫米为LA-ICP-MS的）12。总之，这些要求使得元素微量非常限制，与传统的光学成像系统不兼容，荧光显微镜或非线性显微镜。我们可以在这里提到的另一点是，定量测量能力还是相当有限的，取决于基质匹配实验室标准的可用性。在行业流程，地质学，生物学和应用等领域的使用元素微量的进一步推广将产生显著的概念和技术突破。 本稿件的目的是提出在生物组织定量元素映射（或元素微量分析）溶液用桌面仪器与常规光学显微镜完全兼容。我们的方法是基于激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS技术）。在LIBS，激光脉冲被聚焦于感兴趣的样品以建立该材料的击穿和火花。在等离子体中发射的原子辐射随后通过分光计和elemen分析TAL的浓度可以检索与事先13,14进行校准测量。 LIBS技术的优点包括：灵敏度（微克/克，几乎所有的元素），体积小，非常基本的样品制备，缺乏与样品接触，瞬时响应，准确的本地化（微）表面分析。然而，组织化学成像的应用仍然具有挑战性，因为组织的激光消融，必须精确地控制，以高空间分辨率与在微克/克范围15,16灵敏度一起执行映射。 用这样的解决方案，则不需要示踪剂或标记试剂的红利，它允许直接在其天然环境中检测生物组织中的无机元素。在激光诱导击穿光谱仪在我们的实验室开发提供了一个电流分辨率逊色于100微米与钆低于35微克/克的估计灵敏度，相当于0.1毫米16，这使得大样本的映射（&gt; 1 平方厘米）在30分钟内。此外，国产软件方便了数据的采集和利用。这个仪器是用来检测，映射和量化钆的组织分布（Gd）的基于纳米颗粒的17 - 18在肾和肿瘤样本来自小动物，1至24小时静脉注射颗粒后（粒径&lt;5nm）的。无机元素，它在本质上是包含在生物组织中，如铁，钙，钠，和P，也已经检测到并成像。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="747">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Laser nanosecond Nd:YAG</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Quantel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Brillant</td>
			<td style="width:283px;">5ns pulse witdh, wavelength 1064 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Andor Technology</td>
			<td>Shamrock 303</td>
			<td>with 1200 l/mm blazed at 300 nm grating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Detector ICCD</td>
			<td>Andor Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Istar</td>
			<td>2 ns temporal resolution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">LIBS Unit</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">ILM</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Homemade Instrumentation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Gd-based nanoparticles</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Nano-H</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H4034</td>
			<td>for particle&#39;s dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21108</td>
			<td>for particle&#39;s dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5886</td>
			<td>for particle&#39;s dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">mice</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Charles River</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">depending of animal breeding</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Coveto / Virbac</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>for anaesthesia - Isofluranum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">isopentane</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">59060</td>
			<td>to froze the sample&#160; slowly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">liquide nitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Air Liquide</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>to cool down the isopentane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">cryostat</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM-3050S</td>
			<td>to slide the samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">petri dishes</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Dutscher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">353004</td>
			<td>to stick the sample</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a new approach for nanoparticle's mapping and quantification in organ tissue

激光诱导等离子体的发射光谱应用于生物样品的元素分析。上薄切片啮齿动物组织中的激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）执行：肾脏肿瘤，使无机元素，例如（i）钠，钙，铜，镁，磷，铁，天然存在于体内并检测（ⅱ）的Si和Gd，注射钆为基础的纳米颗粒后进行检测。使动物安乐死静脉注射颗粒后1至24小时。试样的二维扫描，执行使用电动测微三维阶段，允许的红外激光束探索表面具有横向分辨率小于100μ米。器官内钆元素的定量化学图像，与亚毫米感光度获得。 LIBS提供研究无机材料的分发没有任何具体的labeli一个简单而可靠的方法NG。此外，与标准的光学显微镜的安装程序的兼容性强调它的潜力，以提供相同的生物组织的多个图像与不同类型的反应：元素，分子，或细胞。

如图1所示 ，Nd组成的光束：YAG激光器中的1064纳米的基波波长是由50毫米焦距的石英透镜聚焦垂直向下的组织切片上。脉冲能量为4毫焦耳，重复频率10赫兹。为了避免空气中的等离子体的产生，该激光束被聚焦大约100微米的样品的表面下。没有空气等离子体中观察到这种情况。在实验过程中，将样品通过一个步进电机，以便产生一个等离子体中只有一个样品上（单发）的位置移动。显...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue at JoVE.com

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue

激光诱导击穿光谱：对于纳米粒子的映射和定量的器官组织的新方法

薄器官和肿瘤组织进行激光诱导击穿光谱检测成功自然元素和人工注射钆（Gd），从钆为基础的纳米粒子发出。化学元素的图像达到100微米和定量分毫灵敏度的分辨率。与标准的光学显微镜设置的兼容性强调其潜力提供一个相同的生物组织的多张图片。

Emission spectroscopy of laser-induced plasma was applied to elemental analysis of biological samples. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

在极低的温度下角分辨光电子能谱

The physical properties of a material are defined by its  electronic structure. Electrons in solids are characterized by energy (&omega;)  and momentum ...

科研

工程学

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

在固体氧化物燃料电池电极表面的探测和测绘

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are potentially the most efficient and cost-effective solution to utilization of a wide variety of fuels beyond hydrogen ...

Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy

扫描探针单电子电容谱

The integration of low-temperature scanning-probe techniques and single-electron capacitance spectroscopy represents a powerful tool to study the ...

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

测量和原子氢和双原子分子ALO，C分析<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;，CN和二氧化钛光谱承接激光诱导光学击穿

In this work, we present time-resolved measurements of atomic and diatomic spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown. A typical LIBS arrangement ...

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

质子转移和蛋白质构象动力学的光敏蛋白的时间分辨步进扫描傅立叶变换红外光谱

Monitoring the dynamics of protonation and protein backbone conformation changes during the function of a protein is an essential step towards ...

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

In Situ Time-dependent Dielectric Breakdown in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Possibility to Understand the Failure Mechanism in Microelectronic Devices

在透射电子显微镜原位时间相关的介质击穿：一种可能性，了解微电子器件的失效机理

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in on-chip interconnect stacks is one of the most critical failure mechanisms for microelectronic devices. ...

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies

激光诱导转发转移单人死于倒装芯片封装

Flip-chip (FC) packaging is a key technology for realizing high performance, ultra-miniaturized and high-density circuits in the micro-electronics ...

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles

能量色散X射线断层摄影术对个人纳米3D元素映射

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy within the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides accurate elemental analysis with high spatial ...

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

检测和钯的回收，从城市矿山黄金和钴金属使用标有纳米货车车轮形的孔隙新型传感器/吸附剂

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars

高炉利用定量霍普金森杆

Near-field blast load measurement presents an issue to many sensor types as they must endure very aggressive environments and be able to measure pressures ...