Name: cell labeling and injection in developing embryonic mouse hearts
Uploaded: 2014-04-17T16:35:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cell Labeling and Injection in Developing Embryonic Mouse Hearts at JoVE.com

作者承认该基金会Leducq（二尖瓣）和国民新电倒拉RECHERCHE（授予ANR Specistem）为这项研究提供资金。

1。准备动物的程序取得动物伦理委员会的批准，并按照工作的组织指导方针与病毒，HuESC和/或iPSC的（适用时），以及鼠标操作，获得小鼠胚胎，并进行小鼠手术。对于定时交配，插头的日子被认为是胚胎一天（五）0.5 / 0.5天后coitum。 <ol><li>显微注射针： 对于子宫外显微注射，用移液管拔出器/ beveller获得一个1或10微米的内部顶端直径和锋利?...

<ol>
	<li>Thomson, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+blastocysts.">Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts.</a> Science. 282, 1145-1147 (1998).</li><li>Takahashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Mummery, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+human+embryonic+stem+cells+and+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+to+cardiomyocytes:+a+methods+overview.">Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes: a methods overview.</a> Circ. Res. 111, 344-358 (2012).</li><li>Badylak, S. F., Taylor, D., Uygun, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-organ+tissue+engineering:+decellularization+and+recellularization+of+three-dimensional+matrix+scaffolds.">Whole-organ tissue engineering: decellularization and recellularization of three-dimensional matrix scaffolds.</a> Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 13, 27-53 (2011).</li><li>Dickinson, L. E., Kusuma, S., Gerecht, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstructing+the+differentiation+niche+of+embryonic+stem+cells+using+biomaterials.">Reconstructing the differentiation niche of embryonic stem cells using biomaterials.</a> Macromol. Biosci. 11, 36-49 (2011).</li><li>Van Vliet, P., Zaffran, S., Wu, S., Puceat, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+cardiac+development:+a+view+from+stem+cells+to+embryos.">Early cardiac development: a view from stem cells to embryos.</a> Cardiovasc. Res. In press, (2012).</li><li>Cai, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+myocardial+lineage+derives+from+Tbx18+epicardial+cells.">A myocardial lineage derives from Tbx18 epicardial cells.</a> Nature. 454, 104-108 (2008).</li><li>Boulland, J. L., Halasi, G., Kasumacic, N., Glover, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Xenotransplantation+of+human+stem+cells+into+the+chicken.">Xenotransplantation of human stem cells into the chicken.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Liu, A., Joyner, A. L., Turnbull, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alteration+of+limb+and+brain+patterning+in+early+mouse+embryos+by+ultrasound-guided+injection+of+Shh-expressing+cells.">Alteration of limb and brain patterning in early mouse embryos by ultrasound-guided injection of Shh-expressing cells.</a> Mech. Dev. 75, 107-115 (1998).</li><li>Pierfelice, T. J., Gaiano, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound-guided+microinjection+into+the+mouse+forebrain+in+utero+at+E9.5.">Ultrasound-guided microinjection into the mouse forebrain in utero at E9.5.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Nagy, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cre+recombinase:+the+universal+reagent+for+genome+tailoring.">Cre recombinase: the universal reagent for genome tailoring.</a> Genesis. 26, 99-109 (2000).</li><li>Buckingham, M. E., Meilhac, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracing+cells+for+tracking+cell+lineage+and+clonal.">Tracing cells for tracking cell lineage and clonal.</a> Dev. Cell. 21, 394-409 (2011).</li><li>Phoon, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+tools+for+the+developmental+biologist:+ultrasound+biomicroscopy+of+mouse+embryonic+development.">Imaging tools for the developmental biologist: ultrasound biomicroscopy of mouse embryonic development.</a> Pediatr. Res. 60, 14-21 (2006).</li><li>Tiscornia, G., Singer, O., Verma, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+and+purification+of+lentiviral+vectors.">Production and purification of lentiviral vectors.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 241-245 (2006).</li><li>Dyer, L. A., Patterson, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Ex+vivo+Culture+Method+for+the+Embryonic+Mouse.">A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse.</a> J. Vix. Exp. , (2013).</li><li>Runyan, R. B., Markwald, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasion+of+mesenchyme+into+three-dimensional+collagen+gels:+a+regional+and+temporal+analysis+of+interaction+in+embryonic+heart+tissue.">Invasion of mesenchyme into three-dimensional collagen gels: a regional and temporal analysis of interaction in embryonic heart tissue.</a> Dev. Biol. 95, 108-114 (1983).</li></ol>

上述心内体外注射的协议是为了在中期阶段（E9.5-E11.5）的小鼠胚胎心肌保护作用至少48小时。这些注射的方法允许在空间上有针对性的注射DNA或细胞。在图1-3所示的几个实施例提供了概念证明划定离体和在所发生的受限制的心脏区域，例如心内膜或心外膜细胞的EMT的发育过程的生物体内的分子机制。最重要的是，这些协议提供了一个机会，以遵循注射的细?...

十年多前，人类胚胎干细胞（HuESCs）已被来自人类囊胚1。从那时起，这些细胞已成为一个重要的研究领域其中涉及在人类发育生物学问题未得到满足的对象。 HuESCs已进一步在再生医学提供了希望。近年来，人体诱导多能干细胞（iPS细胞）已经产生从患者特异性体细胞提供遗传病2的模型。许多体外协议对胚胎或诱导多能干细胞对各种细胞系，包括心脏谱系3的分化，已有报道。在分化的细胞通常是由RNA和蛋白质的表达，免疫染色和/或在体外功能性测试的表型分析。然而，多能干细胞衍生必须被放置在一个合适的胚胎的环境，以测试它们是否充分获得大公他们的胚胎对口升的命运，以及他们是否概括了真正的体内响应区域提示功能。而组织工程是有前途的，但还没有提供适当的体内所有已知的和未知的线索显影胚胎组织4,5。 在胚胎中，包括小鼠胚胎的染料或逆转录病毒载体的细胞标记，都带来了重要的信息，以细胞谱系的心脏发育6在胚胎起源。例如，染料注射到小鼠胚胎体外 ，接着在体外培养离体心脏的心包空间，用于标记心外膜细胞和它们的后代7。然而，染料和逆转录病毒细胞标记已大多应用于小鼠早期胚胎仍然不发达的器官，或鸡胚，这是更方便8。一个例外是大脑，这是比较容易瞄准在电子商务mbryos 9,10。这种方法还没有被应用到跳动的胚胎小鼠心脏。 为配合直接标记用染料或病毒，并进行血统跟踪更先进的阶段小鼠胚胎和成年小鼠的细胞标记方法已被结合利用Cre /液氧技术，转基因小鼠的分析。的酶Cre /液氧的方法11功能但是由于用来驱动重组酶表达的基因调控区域的时空特异性，与酶Cre /液氧重组12的效率一定的局限性。此外，这种方法并不能完全解决细胞迁移导向采集细胞命运的具体问题，因为它不仅可以激活用于驱动Cre重组酶的表达调控区域后标记一个前兆。它也不能适用于人类胚胎明显的道德问题。 由于这些限制，我们设计了一系列新的protocols到的目标区域的各种细胞标记剂，例如荧光染料，病毒，基因表达调节剂，如的shRNA和基于DNA的细胞标记的载体，或细胞在小鼠胚胎在E9.5和发展的后期阶段的注入心脏。 将DNA /细胞注射用立体显微镜和一个简单的微注射装置结合的体外胚胎培养到48小时，或离体心脏或胚胎外植体培养48-72小时。我们还报告在小鼠胚胎心脏在子宫内的超声介导的微注射协议。该技术允许监测胚胎13的发展，并允许长期随访injectates和/或标记的细胞。 我们发现，这些方法保存器官的功能，并提供了比在体外测试的干细胞潜能的比较有代表性的环境。它也提供了机会，跟随迁移的标记和/或注射的细胞来监测他们的命运。最终，这应该产生一个更好地了解区域组织图案和关键生物过程。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="986">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Setups / Hardware</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td style="width:411px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">40 MHz Transducer</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">VisualSonics</td>
			<td>MS550S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Microinjector</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">VisualSonics</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microinjector&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5242</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micromanipulator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Nitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>required to pressurize the injector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Rail system</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">VisualSonics</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">rotator</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>to rotate glass tube with embryos inside the incubator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Standard incubator</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>5% CO2, 37 C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">stereomicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Discovery. V8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Vevo 2100</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">VisualSonics</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Microinjection</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">borosilicate capillary tubes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">World Precision Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">KTW-120-6</td>
			<td>1.2 mm external diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pipette puller&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sutter</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Model P87</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">microinjection needles</td>
			<td>Origio-Humagen&#160;</td>
			<td>C060609</td>
			<td>OD/ID 1.14mm/53mm, with 50/35 um OD/ID tip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hamilton syringes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Petridishes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>10 cm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mineral oil&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Silicon membrane</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Visualsonics</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>4.3x4.3 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Play-Doh</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Vet One</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">hair removal agent&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:297px;">eye lubricant</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Optixcare</td>
			<td>31779</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Electrode gel (Signa)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Parker</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Suture</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sofsilk 5-0</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">S1173</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Aquasonic</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Buprenex Buprenex (buprenorphine hydrochloride)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">NDC 12496-0757-1</td>
			<td>0.05-0.1 mg/kg in saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Other</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Silicone Elastomer</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Glass petridishes</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>60mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">insect pins&#160;</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools&#160;</td>
			<td>26002-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">Media and culture reagents</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Optimem medium</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">51985026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">M2 medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">M7167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Eagle Medium</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">BE12-640F</td>
			<td>high glucose and 50% rat serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">M16 medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">M7292</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">rat serum</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Janvier</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">ODI 7158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pennicilin/streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">15140-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">oxygen 40%</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Air liquid</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>required to oxygenate the embryo culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">fetal calf serum</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">RVJ35882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">356230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">collagen type I</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">354236</td>
			<td>to coat culture dishes for explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;">culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Dutcher /Orange</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">131020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Injectates</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CDCFDA-SE&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen/Molecular Probes&#160;</td>
			<td>C1165</td>
			<td>25mg/ml DMSO. Store at -20 C. Dilute 1:100-200 in saline before use.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PGK-GFP-expressing lentivirus&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td>~8E9 transducing units/ml DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">lipofectamine 2000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">11668019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cell labeling and injection in developing embryonic mouse hearts

测试或胚胎多能干细胞衍生体外协议的命运导致了有争议的结果并不一定反映其在体内的潜力。优选地，这些细胞应放置在一个适当的胚胎的环境，以获得它们的明确的表型。此外，细胞谱系与染料或逆转录病毒载体标记细胞后跟踪在小鼠的研究大多停留仅限于早期小鼠胚胎仍然具有发育不良的器官。为了克服这些局限性，我们设计的标准和超声介导微注射协议，在小鼠胚胎E9.5和发展的后期阶段注入不同药物在心脏的目标区域。胚胎植体或胚胎培养，然后向左或进一步发展在子宫内 。这些试剂包括荧光染料，病毒的shRNA，或干细胞来源的祖细胞。我们的方法允许保存的福器官同时监测迁移和标记和/或注射细胞命运nction。这些技术可以扩展到其他器官，将是非常有益的发展生物学重点解决生物学问题。

使用上述的注射协议，细胞可以被标记和/或注射到小鼠胚胎心脏。作为概念验证，几个实例示于其中的注射方案和体外 AVC的外植体，离体心脏，或全胚胎培养液合并（ 图1）。 图1显示了细胞注射前胚胎的制备。在E9.5胚胎从其蜕膜同时保持卵黄囊（ 图1A）的完整性除去。卵黄囊被打开略高于心脏（ 图1B）。移液器逼?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cell Labeling and Injection in Developing Embryonic Mouse Hearts at JoVE.com

Cell Labeling and Injection in Developing Embryonic Mouse Hearts

我们描述了一系列的方法来注入染料，DNA载体，病毒和细胞，以监测来自于胚胎或多能干细胞内的小鼠胚胎在胚胎天（E）9.5和后期阶段内源性和移植细胞的两个细胞命运和表型的发展。

细胞标记和注射胚胎发展小鼠心脏

Testing the fate of embryonic or pluripotent stem cell-derivatives in in vitro protocols has led to controversial outcomes that do not necessarily reflect ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Measuring Exocytosis in Neurons Using FM Labeling

测量中使用FM标签的神经元的胞外分泌

The ability to measure the kinetics of vesicle release can help provide insight into some of the basics of neurotransmission.  Here we used real-time ...

科研

生物学

Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain

在体内的单细胞电穿孔内完整的大脑发育

Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing the delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact ...

In vitro Labeling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

在人类胚胎干细胞体外培养的标签用于磁共振成像

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have demonstrated the ability to restore the injured myocardium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as one of ...

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

电子显微镜对胚胎的制备果蝇胚胎心管

The morphogenesis of the Drosophila  embryonic heart tube has emerged as a valuable model system for studying cell migration, cell-cell adhesion and cell ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

小鼠胚胎生殖细胞的分离和推导

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...

Retro-orbital Injection in Adult Zebrafish

在成年斑马鱼的眼窝射出

Drug treatment of whole animals is an essential tool in any model system for pharmacological and chemical genetic studies. Intravenous (IV) injection is ...

Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors

单从小鼠锥感光细胞吸录音

Rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for light detection. In darkness, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the outer segment ...

Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth

视频人类胚胎干细胞克隆生长的生物信息学分析

Because video data are complex and are comprised of many images, mining information from video material is difficult to do without the aid of computer ...

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

活体成像和治疗卵巢癌的原位小鼠模型

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models.  This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model ...

A System for ex vivo Culturing of Embryonic Pancreas

A System for ex vivo Culturing of Embryonic Pancreas

一个系统<em&gt;体外</em培养的胚胎胰腺

The pancreas controls vital functions of our body,  including the production of digestive enzymes and regulation of blood sugar  levels1. Although in the ...