Name: lineage-reprogramming of pericyte-derived cells of the adult human brain into induced neurons
Uploaded: 2014-05-12T21:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons at JoVE.com

Siamo grati al Dr. Magdalena Götz per il suo ingresso durante lo sviluppo di questo protocollo. Ringraziamo il Dr. Marius Wernig (Stanford University) per generosamente ci fornisce la sequenza codificante Sox2. Siamo anche molto grati al Dr. Alexandra Lepier per la produzione di virus. Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto da sovvenzioni della Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BE 4182/2-2) e il BMBF (01GN1009A) a BB e il Ministero bavarese delle Scienze, la Ricerca e le Arti a MK e BBCS ricevuto finanziamenti dal SYSTHER-binazionale INREMOS virtuale Institute (Ministeri federale tedesco e sloveno dell&#39;Istruzione e della Ricerca) e il DFG (SFB 824).

1. Isolamento e Coltura di cellule adulte cervello umano Gli esperimenti che coinvolgono il tessuto umano devono essere eseguite in conformità a tutte le normative governative e istituzionali pertinenti riguardanti l&#39;uso di materiale umano per scopi di ricerca. Il presente protocollo è stato sviluppato in conformità con l&#39;approvazione da parte del comitato etico della Facoltà di Medicina della LMU di Monaco di Baviera e il consenso informato per iscritto da tutti i pazienti. <p...

<ol>
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Il presente protocollo descrive l&#39;espansione in vitro e l&#39;arricchimento di cellule pericyte-derivate a seguito isolamento dal adulta corteccia cerebrale umana e la successiva conversione in Ins dall&#39;espressione retrovirus-mediata della trascrizione neurogena fattori Sox2 e Ascl1. Tale protocollo prevede un sistema sperimentale in vitro per studiare la stirpe di conversione delle cellule cerebrali residente in neuroni e potenzialmente anche glia, con l&#39;obiettivo in mente di tradurre in u...

Al contrario di riprogrammazione di cellule somatiche in cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iPSCs), che a loro volta sono dotati di una pletora di potenziali di differenziazione, riprogrammare diretto mira per conversione diretta di uno specifico tipo cellulare in un altro. Per quanto riguarda la loro applicazione nel contesto della modellazione malattie e potenziali terapie a base di cellule, entrambi gli approcci di riprogrammazione hanno vantaggi e svantaggi specifici. Riprogrammazione in iPSCs (i) fornisce una fonte pressoché infinita di cellule; (Ii) consente di ingegneria genetica; (Iii) conferisce con un potenziale di differenziazione quasi illimitate. Tuttavia, principali svantaggi di iPSCs comportano il rischio di tumorigenicità delle cellule indifferenziate (formazione teratoma in vivo) e la necessità di coltura ex vivo e successivo trapianto se queste cellule devono essere utilizzati per terapie cellulari. Viceversa, diretto lignaggio riprogrammazione è limitata dalla minore resa delle cellule desiderateche correla direttamente con il numero di cellule bersaglio della popolazione di partenza, ma possiede il vantaggio che cellule della linea-riprogrammato sembrano mostrare alcun rischio oncogeno dopo trapianto 1,2; Inoltre, riprogrammazione diretta può anche essere realizzato in situ, cioè all&#39;interno dell&#39;organo dove sarebbero necessarie queste cellule, evitando così la necessità di trapianto. Con questo in mente, il nostro laboratorio ha perseguito la possibilità delle cellule cerebrali residente-lignaggio riprogrammazione in Ins come un nuovo approccio verso terapie cellulari delle malattie neurodegenerative. Le cellule cerebrali residente che possono essere potenzialmente considerati bersagli cellulari per lignaggio riprogrammazione comprendono diversi tipi di macroglia (astrociti, cellule NG2 e oligodendrociti), microglia e cellule dei microvasi associate (cellule endoteliali e periciti). Abbiamo ampiamente studiato il potenziale riprogrammazione in vitro della astroglia del cor cerebraletex dei primi topi postnatale 3-5. Alla ricerca di fonti di cellule simile adatti per lignaggio riprogrammazione diretta nel cervello umano adulto, abbiamo incontrato una popolazione di cellule che può essere riprogrammato con successo in Ins e caratteristiche espositive di periciti. Qui si descrive un protocollo di come raccogliere queste cellule adulte da biopsie del cervello umano, per espandere e arricchire queste cellule in vitro, e infine riprogrammare successo una frazione sostanziale di queste cellule espanse in vitro (nell&#39;intervallo 25-30%) in Ins. Riprogrammazione può essere ottenuto mediante simultanea retrovirus-mediata co-espressione di due fattori di trascrizione, Sox2 e ascl1. Questi PdiNs sono stati trovati per acquisire la capacità di azione ripetitiva potenziale di cottura e servire bersagli sinaptici per altri neuroni che indicano la loro capacità di integrare nelle reti neurali. Il nostro protocollo prevede una procedura semplice per l&#39;isolamento e lignaggio conversione di adulti pericytes cervello umano in Ins. </p&gt;

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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">anti-CD140b-PE</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">BD Biosciences</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">anti-CD34-APC</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">BD Biosciences</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:80px;">anti-PDGFR&#946;</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:200</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:400</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">Millipore</td>
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			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:80px;">anti-&#946;III-tubulin</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:400</td>
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			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:80px;">anti-MAP2</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:300</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">Millipore</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:500</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:1000</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Rat IgG1 isotype control FITC</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">11-4301-81</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Rat IgG1 isotype control PE</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">12-4301-81</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Rat IgG1 isotype control APC</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">17-4301-81</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">use 1:100</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:80px;">TrypLE</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">12605-010</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAX</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">61965</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">B27 serum-free supplement</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">17504044</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="148">
			<td height="148" style="height:148px;width:80px;">fetal calf serum</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">10106-169</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">perform heat inactivation by incubation at 56 &#176;C for 30 min</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">15140122</td>
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			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:80px;">HBSS (Hanks Balanced Salt Solution)</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">24020-091</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
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			<td height="198" style="height:198px;width:80px;">Dulbecco&#39;s PBS without CaCl2 and MgCl2 (D-PBS, 1&#215;; Invitrogen, cat. no. 14190)</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">14190</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Poly-D-lysine hydrobromide (PDL)</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">P0899</td>
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			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:80px;">DAPI (4&#8242;,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindole) dilactate</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">042M4005</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Aqua-Poly/Mount</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Polysciences</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">18606-20</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Polypropylene round-bottom tubes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">BD Biosciences</td>
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		<tr height="148">
			<td height="148" style="height:148px;width:80px;">Polystyrene round-bottom tubes with cell-strainer cap&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:80px;">24-well plates</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">5530305</td>
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			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:80px;">75 cm2 culture flasks</td>
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			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:80px;">25 cm2 culture flasks</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Disposable pipettes 10 ml</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td align="center" style="width:80px;">#########</td>
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		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Glass Pasteur pipettes (150 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">FB50251</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Glass coverslips 12 mm diameter</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">CB00120RA1</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Surgical disposable scalpels&#160;</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Tissue culture dishes&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Conical tubes 15ml</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">352095</td>
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			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:80px;">Laminar flow hood</td>
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			<td style="width:80px;">Hettich Lab Technology</td>
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			<td height="148" style="height:148px;width:80px;">Flow cytometry cell sorter: FACSAria l with FACSDiva software&#160;</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Humified cell culture incubator</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Eppendorf Galaxy 170R</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Wather bath at 37 &#176;C</td>
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			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">FACSFlow sheath fluid&#160;</td>
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			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:80px;">Epifluorescence microscope BX61</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Olympus</td>
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		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:80px;">Confocal microscope LSM710</td>
			<td style="width:80px;">Zeiss</td>
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		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

lineage-reprogramming of pericyte-derived cells of the adult human brain into induced neurons

Diretto lignaggio riprogrammazione di cellule non neuronali nei neuroni indotti (INS) può fornire approfondimenti sui meccanismi molecolari alla base neurogenesi e attivare nuove strategie per la modellazione in vitro o la riparazione del cervello malato. Identificazione dei tipi di cellule non neuronali cerebrali residente suscettibili di conversione diretta in Ins potrebbe consentire per il lancio di un tale approccio in situ, cioè all&#39;interno del tessuto cerebrale danneggiato. Qui si descrive un protocollo sviluppato nel tentativo di identificare cellule derivate dal cervello umano adulto che soddisfano questa premessa. Questo protocollo prevede: (1) la coltura di cellule umane dalla corteccia cerebrale ottenuto da biopsie cerebrali adulte umane; (2) l&#39;espansione in vitro (approssimativamente richiede 2-4 settimane) e caratterizzazione di coltura mediante immunocitochimica e citofluorimetria; (3) l&#39;arricchimento da cellule fluorescenza-attivato (FACS) usando anti-recettore PDGF-β e anticorpi anti-CD146;(4) il retrovirus trasduzione mediata con la trascrizione neurogenica fattori Sox2 e ascl1; (5) e, infine, la caratterizzazione della risultante neuroni indotti periciti-derivato (PdiNs) mediante immunocitochimica (14 giorni a 8 settimane dopo trasduzione retrovirale). In questa fase, in possono essere sondato per le loro proprietà elettriche mediante registrazione patch-clamp. Questo protocollo prevede una procedura altamente riproducibile per la conversione in vitro stirpe di pericytes cervello residente in Ins umane funzionali.

Il primo risultato di questo protocollo dopo aver stabilito con successo una cultura da un esemplare di umano adulto corteccia cerebrale consiste nell&#39;identificazione della composizione cellulare della cultura. Immunocitochimica di proteine ​​specifiche di tipo cellulare rivela un notevole grado di eterogeneità tra culture derivati ​​da esemplari di diversi pazienti (Figura 1A). Quantificata mediante citometria di flusso vi è sempre una frazione sostanziale di cellule che esprimono PDGFRβ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons at JoVE.com

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

Lineage-riprogrammazione di cellule pericyte-derivate del cervello umano adulto in neuroni indotti

Targeting cellule cerebrali residente per discendenza diretta-riprogrammazione offre nuove prospettive per la riparazione del cervello. Qui si descrive un protocollo di come preparare le culture arricchito da pericytes cervello residente da adulto corteccia cerebrale umana e convertirli in neuroni indotti dall&#39;espressione retrovirus-mediata dei fattori di trascrizione Sox2 e Ascl1.

Direct lineage-reprogramming of non-neuronal cells into induced neurons (iNs) may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons

Studiare l&#39;integrazione degli adulti nati Neuroni

Neurogenesis occurs in adult mammalian brains in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and in the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

La specifica di telencefalici neuroni glutamatergici di cellule staminali umane pluripotenti

Here, a stepwise procedure for efficiently generating telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been described. The ...

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice

Modulazioni ambientali del numero di Mesencefalo dopamina neuroni in topi adulti

Long-lasting changes in the brain or &#8216;brain plasticity&#8217; underlie adaptive behavior and brain repair following disease or injury. Furthermore, ...

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Derivazione di adulti fibroblasti umani e la loro conversione diretta in celle espandibile progenitrici neurali

Generation of&#160;induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) from adult skin fibroblasts and subsequent differentiation into somatic cells provides ...

Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts

Semplice generazione di una cultura ad alto rendimento dei neuroni indotti da fibroblasti umani della pelle adulta

Induced neurons (iNs), the product of somatic cells directly converted to neurons, are a way to obtain patient-derived neurons from tissue that is easily ...

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversione di cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dall'uomo (IPSC) in neuroni motore spinale e cranico funzionale utilizzando vettori PiggyBac

We describe here a method to obtain functional spinal and cranial motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Direct conversion into ...

Short-Term Free-Floating Slice Cultures from the Adult Human Brain

A breve termine, le colture di fette libere dal cervello umano adulto

Organotypic, or slice cultures, have been widely employed to model aspects of the central nervous system functioning in vitro. Despite the potential of ...

Migration, Chemo-Attraction, and Co-Culture Assays for Human Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells and GABAergic Neurons

Migrazione, chemio-attrazione, e analisi co-cultura per le cellule endoteliali derivate da cellule staminali umane e neuroni GABAergic

Role of brain vasculature in nervous system development and etiology of brain disorders is increasingly gaining attention. Our recent studies have ...

Obtaining Human Microglia from Adult Human Brain Tissue

Ottenere Microglia Umana da Tessuto Cerebrale Umano Adulto

Microglia are resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia play a critical role during development, in maintaining ...

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Derivazione, espansione, crioconservazione e caratterizzazione di cellule endoteliali microvascolari cerebrali da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dall'uomo

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) can be differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop ex vivo cellular models ...