Name: acute brain trauma in mice followed by longitudinal two-photon imaging
Uploaded: 2014-04-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Acute Brain Trauma in Mice Followed By Longitudinal Two-photon Imaging at JoVE.com

对此，我们深表感谢弗兰克博士基尔霍夫提供GFAP-EGFP和CX3CR1-EGFP小鼠品系。这项工作是由国际流动的中心芬兰，芬兰国家技术局，神经芬兰研究生院（FGSN）和芬兰科学院资助。

所有这里介绍的方法是按照动物保健（在动物实验二千○六分之六十二芬兰法）局部指引进行。动物许可证（ESAVI/2857/04.10.03/2012）由地方当局（ELÄINKOELAUTAKUNTA-ELLA）获得。 1-3月龄成年小鼠，体重24-38克，被关在单独的笼子中的认证大学的动物设施和提供食物和水随意 。 1。脑损伤成像通过颅窗口<ol><li>麻醉动物和准备操作字段<ol><li>通过腹腔注射氯胺酮（的Ketalar，80?...

<ol>
	<li>Lighthall, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+cortical+impact:+A+new+experimental+brain+injury+model.">Controlled cortical impact: A new experimental brain injury model.</a> J. Neurotrauma. 5 (1), 1-15 (1988).</li><li>Lindgren, S., Rinder, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+studies+in+head+injury.">Experimental studies in head injury.</a> Biophysik. 2 (5), 320-329 (1965).</li><li>Shreiber, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+investigation+of+cerebral+contusion:+histopathological+and+immunohistochemical+evaluation+of+dynamic+cortical+deformation.">Experimental investigation of cerebral contusion: histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of dynamic cortical deformation.</a> J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 58 (2), 153-164 (1999).</li><li>Feeney, D. M., Boyeson, M. G., Linn, R. T., Murray, H. M., Dail, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responses+to+cortical+injury:+I.+Methodology+and+local+effects+of+contusions+in+the+rat.">Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat.</a> Brain Res. 211 (1), 67-77 (1981).</li><li>Bardehle, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+astrocyte+responses+to+acute+injury+reveals+selective+juxtavascular+proliferation.">Live imaging of astrocyte responses to acute injury reveals selective juxtavascular proliferation.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 16 (5), 580-586 (2013).</li><li>Sword, J., Masuda, T., Croom, D., Kirov, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+neuronal+and+astroglial+disruption+in+the+peri-contusional+cortex+of+mice+revealed+by+in+vivo+two-photon+imaging.">Evolution of neuronal and astroglial disruption in the peri-contusional cortex of mice revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging.</a> Brain. 136 (5), 1446-1461 (2013).</li><li>Feng, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+neuronal+subsets+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+multiple+spectral+variants+of+GFP.">Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP.</a> Neuron. 28, 41-51 (2000).</li><li>Nolte, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GFAP+promoter-controlled+EGFP-expressing+transgenic+mice:+a+tool+to+visualize+astrocytes+and+astrogliosis+in+living+brain+tissue.">GFAP promoter-controlled EGFP-expressing transgenic mice: a tool to visualize astrocytes and astrogliosis in living brain tissue.</a> Glia. 33 (1), 72-86 (2001).</li><li>Jung, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+fractalkine+receptor+CX(3)CR1+function+by+targeted+deletion+and+green+fluorescent+protein+reporter+gene+insertion.">Analysis of fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 function by targeted deletion and green fluorescent protein reporter gene insertion.</a> Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (11), 4106-4114 (2000).</li><li>Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., Kerr, J. N. D., Helmchen, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sulforhodamine+101+as+a+specific+marker+of+astroglia+in+the+neocortex+in+vivo.">Sulforhodamine 101 as a specific marker of astroglia in the neocortex in vivo.</a> Nat. Methods. 1 (1), 31-37 (2004).</li><li>Carr&#233;, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+aspects+of+an+impact+acceleration+traumatic+brain+injury+rat+model+with+potential+suitability+for+both+microdialysis+and+PtiO2+monitoring.">Technical aspects of an impact acceleration traumatic brain injury rat model with potential suitability for both microdialysis and PtiO2 monitoring.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 140, 23-28 (2004).</li><li>Holtmaat, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+high-resolution+imaging+in+the+mouse+neocortex+through+a+chronic+cranial+window.">Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window.</a> Nat. Protoc. 4 (8), 1128-1144 (2009).</li><li>Yang, G., Pan, F., Parkhurst, C. N., Grutzendler, J., Gan, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thinned-skull+cranial+window+technique+for+long-term+imaging+of+the+cortex+in+live+mice.">Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice.</a> Nat. Protoc. 5, 201-208 (2010).</li><li>Cianchetti, F. A., Kim, D. H., Dimiduk, S., Nishimura, N., Schaffer, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulus-evoked+calcium+transients+in+somatosensory+cortex+are+temporarily+inhibited+by+a+nearby+microhemorrhage.">Stimulus-evoked calcium transients in somatosensory cortex are temporarily inhibited by a nearby microhemorrhage.</a> PloS one. 8 (5), (2013).</li><li>Shih, A. Y., Mateo, C., Drew, P. J., Tsai, P. S., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+polished+and+reinforced+thinned-skull+window+for+long-term+imaging+of+the+mouse+brain.">A polished and reinforced thinned-skull window for long-term imaging of the mouse brain.</a> J. Vis. Exp. 61, (2012).</li></ol>

脑外伤是突然的，不可预知的事件。在这里，我们描述了再现的人类患者中观察到的脑损伤，如神经变性，消除枝晶，脑水肿，神经胶质疤痕，在大脑皮层再加焦蛛网膜下腔出血和出血的通透性增加后的病理变化的频谱的动物模型血 - 脑屏障。研究原发性和继发发病机制，以及创伤后恢复，此损伤模型，结合纵向细的神经元和神经胶质的结构体内的可视化。转基因小鼠系被用来表达?...

急性脑损伤与损伤的机动车事故高发一个显著的公共卫生问题，跌倒或袭击​​，以及随后的慢性残疾的患病率较高。治疗方法为脑损伤的治疗仍然完全对症，从而限制了院前急救，外科和重症监护的有效性。这使得脑损伤的社会和经济影响尤其严重。对于各种各样的原因，大多数临床试验中失败的使用新的治疗方法来证明改善脑损伤后的恢复。 动物模型是开发新的治疗策略对一个阶段，药物的功效可以在患者的脑损伤进行预测的关键。目前，头部外伤的几种公认的动物模型存在，包括控制皮层的影响1，液压冲击伤2，动态皮质变形3，体重下降4，和光损伤5。许多实验模型已被用于研究头部外伤相关病理的若干形态，分子和行为方面。但是，没有一个动物模型中验证新的治疗策略完全成功。脑损伤的可靠，重现性好，控制动物模型的发展是必要的，以评估复杂的病理过程。 最新显微成像技术和基因编码的荧光记者新颖的组合提供了一个前所未有的机会来研究脑损伤的各个阶段，包括原发性损伤，原发性损伤，继发性损伤和再生的蔓延。特别是， 在生物体内的双光子显微术是一种独特的非线性光学技术，允许细胞和甚至亚细胞结构中啮齿动物脑的深部皮质层的实时可视化。几种类型的细胞和奥尔加的nelles可以同时通过组合不同的荧光标记物进行成像。使用这个强大的工具，我们可以想像在创伤条件下活脑动形态和功能改变。在研究脑损伤体内双光子显微镜的优点由基洛夫和他的同事6最近被证实。使用温和的焦点皮质挫裂伤模型，这些作者发现，在pericontusional皮质树突急性损伤是由局部血流量下降门。此外，它们显示出，绕挫伤站点的代谢受损皮质进一步由扩频的去极化损坏。继发性损伤影响突触电路，使得创伤性脑损伤的后果更严重。 在这里，我们提出了立体刺的方法，用注射器针头，这可能与同时外用药物的应用相结合，为局部脑的先进模式损伤和作为研究急性创伤的病理生理学后果在哺乳动物大脑体内的工具。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2A-sa dumb Tweezers, 115mm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">XYtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">XY-2A-SA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">30G &#189;&#8217;&#8217; needle</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 304000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Animal trimmer, shaving machine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Isis GT420</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Binocular Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Zeiss&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Stemi 2000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Biological Temperature Controller with stainless steel heating pad</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Supertech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TMP-5b</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Blunt microsurgical blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 374769</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Borosilicate tube with filament</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BF120-69-10</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">For glass pipette production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Carprofene</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Rimadyl vet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Chlorhexidine digluconate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C9394</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Dental cement</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">DrguDent, Dentsply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">REF 640 200 271</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Dexamethasone</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FaunaPharma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Rapidexon vet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Disposable drills</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Meisinger</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HP 310&#160;104&#160;001&#160;001&#160;008</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dulbeco&#8217;s PBS 10X</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D1408</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dumont #5 forceps, 110 mm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">91150-20</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Ealing microelectrode puller</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Ealing</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-2013</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Vertical puller for glass pipette production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Eyes-ointment</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Novartis</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Viscotears</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Foredom drill control</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Foredom&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FM3545</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Foredom micro motor handpiece</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Foredom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MH-145</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Gas anesthesia platform for mice</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">50264</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assembled on stereotaxic instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Hemostasis Collagen Sponge</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Avitene, Ultrafoam BARD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ref 1050050</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Imaris</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bitplane</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Intervet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ketaminol vet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Mai Tai DeepSee laser</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Spectra-Physics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Metal holder</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Neurotar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Micro dressing forceps, 105 mm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BD302R</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Microfil</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MF34G-5</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Micro syringe filling capillaries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8410</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FV1000MPE</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NanoFil Syringe 10 microliter</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NANOFIL</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hamilton syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Nonwoven swabs 5&#215;5</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Molnlycke Health Care</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Mesoft</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Surgical tampons</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">polyacrylic glue</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Henkel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Loctite 401</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Round glass coverslip&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:71px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">1.5 thickness&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="height:52px;width:216px;">Small animal stereotaxic instrument</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">David Kopf Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">900</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Stoelting mouse and neonatal rat adaptor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">51625</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assembled on stereotaxic instrument.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Student iris scissors, straight 11.5 cm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">91460-11</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Sulforhodamine 101</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Molecular Probes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-359</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">UMP3 microsyringe pump and Micro 4 microsyringe pump controller</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UMP3-1</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Microinjector and controller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:216px;">Xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bayer Health Care</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Rompun vet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

acute brain trauma in mice followed by longitudinal two-photon imaging

虽然急性颅脑外伤往往是由于磁头损坏在不同的事故和影响了人口的很大一部分，目前还没有有效的治疗它。目前使用的动物模型的局限性阻碍了病理机制的认识。多光子显微镜可以学习完整的动物大脑在纵向生理和病理条件内的细胞和组织。在这里，我们描述了两种型号的急性脑损伤研究通过脑细胞行为的创伤条件下的双光子成像手段。一，选择脑区域受伤用锋利的针，以产生在脑实质受控的宽度和深度的损伤。我们的方法使用立体刺用注射器针头，它可与药物同时应用相结合。我们建议，这种方法可以作为一种先进的工具来研究细胞的急性创伤的病理生理学后果机制在哺乳动物大脑<em&gt;在体内。在这段视频中，我们结合急性脑损伤与两种制剂：颅窗口和颅骨变薄。我们还讨论了双方准备外伤后大脑再生的多区段成像的优点和局限性。

我们已经优化了两种操作步骤：1）慢性颅窗口和2）颅骨变薄，在转基因小鼠创伤后的脑成像。实验准备工作的示意图示于图1。外伤性刺由0.3 mm外径（30 G）的钢针施加到钻的井（ 图1A）。一个成功的颅窗口准备让成像深度可达650微米的软脑膜表面（ 图1B）以下，而颅骨变薄倾向于征收约300微米（ 图1C）的限制，这表现在Thy1系-YFP-的三维重建ħ小?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Acute Brain Trauma in Mice Followed By Longitudinal Two-photon Imaging at JoVE.com

Acute Brain Trauma in Mice Followed By Longitudinal Two-photon Imaging

急性脑外伤是没有适当的治疗迄今严重的伤害。多光子显微镜允许纵向研究急性颅脑外伤的发展过程及探测的治疗策略，在啮齿类动物。两款车型的急性脑外伤的研究与体内双光子脑成像中演示了这个协议。

急性脑外伤小鼠其次是纵向双光子成像

Although acute brain trauma often results from head damage in different accidents and affects a substantial fraction of the population, there is no ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Pseudofracture：急性周围组织的创伤模型

Following trauma there is an early hyper-reactive inflammatory response that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality in trauma patients; ...

科研

医学

Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice

压力控制通气诱导小鼠急性肺损伤

Murine models are extensively used to investigate acute injuries of different organs systems (1-34). Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs with prolonged ...

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System

挑战的药理功能磁共振成像：在临床前研究使用的5  - 羟色胺系统中的应用

Pharmacological MRI (phMRI) is a new and promising method to study the effects of substances on brain function that can ultimately be used to unravel ...

An Orthotopic Glioblastoma Mouse Model Maintaining Brain Parenchymal Physical Constraints and Suitable for Intravital Two-photon Microscopy

原位胶质母细胞瘤小鼠模型的维护脑实质的物理约束，并适用于活体双光子显微镜

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumors with no curative treatments available to date.
Murine models of this pathology ...

Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

超声成像引导下腔内注射到患乳腺癌脑转移其次是纵向的MRI的小鼠模型

Breast cancer brain metastasis, occurring in 30% of breast cancer patients at stage IV, is associated with high mortality. The median survival is only 6 ...

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

白色念珠菌生物膜发展在医学上，国外相关机构在小鼠皮下型号其次是生物发光成像

Candida albicans biofilm development on biotic and/or abiotic surfaces represents a specific threat for hospitalized patients. So far, C. albicans ...

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases

纵<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;的Cerebrovasculature影像：相关性疾病CNS

Remodeling of the brain vasculature is a common trait of brain pathologies. In vivo imaging techniques are fundamental to detect cerebrovascular ...

A Minimally Invasive Model to Analyze Endochondral Fracture Healing in Mice Under Standardized Biomechanical Conditions

标准化生物力学条件下小鼠软骨骨折愈合的微创模型分析

Bone healing models are necessary to analyze the complex mechanisms of fracture healing to improve clinical fracture treatment. During the last decade, an ...

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI&#8212;Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRIÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚ÂApplication in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

解剖性脑 MRI 的全脑分割及变化点分析--Premanifest 亨廷顿病的应用

Recent advances in MRI offer a variety of useful markers to identify neurodegenerative diseases. In Huntington&#39;s disease (HD), regional brain atrophy ...

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

通过直接内切内脂多糖灌输诱导小鼠急性肺损伤

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. ...