Name: surgical retrieval, isolation and in vitro expansion of human anterior cruciate ligament-derived cells for tissue engineering applications
Uploaded: 2014-04-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications at JoVE.com

Forfatterne ønsker å takke oppstartsfond og kirurgisk avdeling forskningsstipend fra Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine; og Memorial Medical Foundation stipend.

En. Kirurgisk Retrieval Merk: En IRB godkjennelse ble innhentet for å samle ACL stubben under ACL rekonstruksjon kirurgi. IRB Dispensasjon er gitt som ACL stump brukes generelt ble forkastet som kirurgisk avfall. 20 pasienter ble brukt til å samle ACL stubben. <ol><li> Administrere narkose og pre-operative antibiotika som per institusjonens protokoll til pasienten. </li><li> Påfør tourniquet og blås 100 mg over systolisk blodtrykk. </li><li> Plasser pasienten i liggende stilling. Lag ...

<ol>
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A prospective study of 43 cases.</a> Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 5 (1), 2-5 (1997).</li><li>Sommerlath, K., Odensten, M., Lysholm, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+late+course+of+acute+partial+anterior+cruciate+ligament+tears.+A+nine+to+15+year+follow-up+evaluation.">The late course of acute partial anterior cruciate ligament tears. A nine to 15 year follow-up evaluation.</a> Clin Orthop. , 281-2152 (1992).</li><li>Barrack, R. L., Buckley, S. L., Bruckner, J. D., Kneisl, J. S., Alexander, A. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+status+and+potential+of+primary+ACL+repair.">Current status and potential of primary ACL repair.</a> Clin Sports Med. 28 (1), 51-61 (2009).</li><li>Gupta, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+walled+carbon+nanotube+composites+for+bone+tissue+engineering.">Single walled carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering.</a> J Orthop Res. 9, 1374-1381 (2013).</li><li>Fruensgaard, S., Johannsen, H. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incomplete+ruptures+of+the+anterior+cruciate+ligament.">Incomplete ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Br. 71, 526-530 (1989).</li><li>Sandberg, R., Balkfors, B., Nilsson, B., Westlin, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Operative+versus+non-operative+treatment+of+recent+injuries+to+the+ligaments+of+the+knee.+A+prospective+randomized+study.">Operative versus non-operative treatment of recent injuries to the ligaments of the knee. A prospective randomized study.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Am. 69, 1120-1126 (1987).</li><li>Lamar, D. S., Bartolozzi, A. R., Freedman, K. B., Nagda, S. H., Fawcett, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+modification+of+partial+tears+of+the+anterior+cruciate+ligament.">Thermal modification of partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament.</a> Arthroscopy. 21 (7), 809-814 (2005).</li><li>Indelli, P. F., Dillingham, M. F., Fanton, G. S., Schurman, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monopolar+thermal+treatment+of+symptomatic+anterior+cruciate+ligament+instability.">Monopolar thermal treatment of symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament instability.</a> Clin Orthop. 407, 138-147 (2003).</li><li>Smith, D. B., Carter, T. R., Johnson, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+failure+rate+for+electrothermal+shrinkage+of+the+lax+anterior+cruciate+ligament:+a+multicenter+follow-up+past+2+years.">High failure rate for electrothermal shrinkage of the lax anterior cruciate ligament: a multicenter follow-up past 2 years.</a> Arthroscopy. 24 (6), 637-641 (2008).</li><li>Buda, R., Ferruzzi, A., Vannini, F., Zambelli, L., Di Caprio, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Augmentation+technique+with+semitendinosus+and+gracilis+tendons+in+chronic+partial+lesions+of+the+ACL:+clinical+and+arthrometric+analysis.">Augmentation technique with semitendinosus and gracilis tendons in chronic partial lesions of the ACL: clinical and arthrometric analysis.</a> Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 14 (11), 1101-1107 (2006).</li><li>Sekiya, J. K., Golladay, G. J., Wojtys, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autodigestion+of+a+hamstring+anterior+cruciate+ligament+autograft+following+thermal+shrinkage:+a+case+report+and+sentinel+of+concern.">Autodigestion of a hamstring anterior cruciate ligament autograft following thermal shrinkage: a case report and sentinel of concern.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Am. 82 (10), 1454-1457 (2000).</li><li>Farquharson-Roberts, M. A., Osborne, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+rupture+of+the+anterior+cruciate+ligament+of+the+knee.">Partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Br. 65, 32-34 (1983).</li><li>Rue, J. P., Ghodadra, N., Bach, B. 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Det primære målet med denne hACL/2D stillas studien var å bruke de innhentede celler i en patch for å øke primær reparasjon av partielle ACL tårer. Nonoperative forvaltning av delvis ACL tårer kan inneholde en kort periode med immobilisering, oppkvikkende, en progressiv rehabiliteringsprogram, og regelmessig oppfølging evalueringer 13,16,17. Men mange studier viser at konservativ behandling hos idrettsutøvere har vært forbundet med svake resultater og fiasko. Buckley et al. Evaluert 25 pas...

Den fremre korsbånd (ACL) er en vanlig skadet intra-articular leddbånd i kneet. Ca 200 000 (ACL) skader rapporteres årlig i USA. Over 75% av pasientene opplever korsbåndskade opt for ortopedisk rekonstruktiv kirurgi 1,2,3,4. Kirurgiske inngrep er ofte angitt på grunn av en iboende dårlig helbredelse potensial tre. ACL rekonstruksjon blir vanligvis oppnådd ved hjelp av en autograft eller allograft sene. Autograft og allograft representerer gullstandarden for gjenoppbygging som de kan skryte av høy suksessrate, og primær sutur reparasjon, det andre behandlingsalternativet, har vist feilrater på opptil 94% 5,6,7. Delvis tårer av ACL representerer 10% til 28% av alle ACL tårer åtte. I en prospektiv studie, Noyes et al. Anslått at 50% av pasienter med parti tårer som påvirker mer enn halvparten av ACL kommet for å fullføre ACL insuffisiens etter ikke-operativ behandling 9. Andre studier rapporterer vedvarende ustabilitet og redusert funksjon med færre enn 30% av pasientene i stand til å vende tilbake til sin pre-skade aktivitetsnivå 9,10,11,12,13. Behandlingstilbud er begrenset og omfatter konservative modaliteter, termisk krymping av rester ACL, eller ACL rekonstruksjon. Nylig har det vært økt interesse for utvidet primær reparasjon. Disse teknikkene bruker biologiske å forbedre primære sutur reparasjoner 14. Nyere forskning har forsøkt å høste mesenchymale-lignende hACL avledet stamceller til å omgå pode begrensninger, 31,32, men gyldigheten og effekten av disse cellene er fortsatt ukjent. Den ideelle mobil kilde for tissue engineering applikasjoner ser ut til å være ikke-mesechymal hACL avledet fibroblast celler. Aktuell forskning er fokusert på å identifisere en egnet matriks materiale og cellekilde for konstruert stillaset. Det er standard prosedyre for en revet ACL å kastes som surgical avfall under gjenoppbygging kirurgi, derimot, kan dette skadet leddbånd være en god kilde for kjøp av celler som trengs for å utvikle og forbedre en ideell vev konstruert ACL erstatning. Vårt laboratorium har utviklet en protokoll for in vitro utvidelse av disse høstet hACL avledet celler. Ved hjelp av en konstruert 2D matrise tilført hACL avledet celler, har vi laget en patch som potensielt kan forsterke delvis ACL reparasjon og styrke revet leddbånd.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1004px;" width="1003">
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	<tbody>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:507px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Petri-dish</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">08-757-103C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP3994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Collagenase</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">17018-029</td>
			<td>Store at 40C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">10-092-CV</td>
			<td>Store at 40C. Warm in 370C water bath before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">10082</td>
			<td>Store at -800C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">17-602E</td>
			<td>Store at 40C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Centrifuge Tubes- 15 ml</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">430790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">T-25 flasks</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">3013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Trypsin-Versene mixture</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">17-161E</td>
			<td>Store at 40C. Warm in 370C water bath before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP231-100</td>
			<td>Combustible liquid. Can cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cryogenic vials</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">430489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">PLAGA</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Purac Biomaterials</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Purasorb PLG8523</td>
			<td>Store at -800C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TCPS disks</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">12-545-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AC36423-0010</td>
			<td>Possible cancer hazard. Store in a dry, cool place.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Bytac paper</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Saint gobin performance plastics</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1420652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scintillation vial</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-339-21G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A7906</td>
			<td>Store at 40C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tween</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP337-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:216px;">mouse Anti-&#946;-actin antibody (10 Ab)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A5441</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:216px;">goat-anti-mouse antibody (20 Ab)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4408</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Hoechst dye</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">14530</td>
			<td>Store at -200C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP229-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glutaraldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BP2547-1</td>
			<td>Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Causes burns by all exposure routes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hexamethyldisilazane</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AC43085-1000</td>
			<td>Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes burns by all exposure routes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sterile Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">McKesson</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">25-716</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">5804R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Light Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CK40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Water Bath</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">2845</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vortex</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Labnet&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">VX-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glass Petri plates</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">S31473</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Acu-Punch</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Acuderm Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">P1225</td>
			<td>Acu-Punch was used to cut 12mm disks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cacodylate buffer</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">97068</td>
			<td>Flammable liquid, carcinogen and irritant.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Osmium tetraoxide</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">201030</td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">T8787</td>
			<td>Harmful if swallowed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Decon Labs</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">2705</td>
			<td>Keep away from heat, sparks, flame and other form of ignition.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">General/regional Anesthesia</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Amphastar pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td>1% Lidocaine, 0.25% Bupivacaine,Anesthetic agents for induction and maintenance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Antibiotics</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Hospira</td>
			<td>0409-0805-01</td>
			<td>Ancef 1g i.v.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Arthroscopy trocar</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Smith and Nephew</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Arthroscopy Camera</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Smith and Nephew</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Arthroscopic grasper and bitter</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Arthrex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">4.5mm shaver</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Arthrex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Interference Screws</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Arthrex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td>stainless steel screws</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sputter Coater</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Polaron</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">E5400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

surgical retrieval, isolation and in vitro expansion of human anterior cruciate ligament-derived cells for tissue engineering applications

Skade på ACL er et vanlig forekommende problem i aktive individer. Selv delvis tårer av denne intraartikulær kne ligament føre til biomekaniske mangler som svekker funksjon og stabilitet. Aktuelle alternativer for behandling av parti ACL tårer spenner fra nonoperative, konservativ behandling til flere kirurgiske alternativer, for eksempel: termisk modifisering, single-bundle reparasjon, fullstendig ombygging, og rekonstruksjon av den skadede delen av innfødte ligament. Få studier, om noen, har vist en enkelt metode for ledelsen å være konsekvent overlegen, og i mange tilfeller pasientene fortsetter å demonstrere vedvarende ustabilitet og andre samtidige sykdommer. Målet med denne studien er å identifisere en potensiell celle kilde for utnyttelse i utviklingen av en vev konstruert patch som kan bli implementert i reparasjon av en delvis revet ACL. A novel protokoll utviklet for utvidelse av celler avledet fra Patients gjennomgår ACL rekonstruksjon. For å isolere cellene, ble kvernet hACL vev erholdt under ACL rekonstruksjon fordøyd i en Collagenase-løsning. Ekspansjon ble utført ved hjelp av DMEM/F12 medium supplert med 10% føtalt bovint serum (FBS) og 1% penicillin / streptomycin (P / S). Cellene ble deretter lagret ved -80 ° C eller i flytende nitrogen i en frysemedium bestående av DMSO, FBS og ekspansjonsmedium. Etter opptining ble de hACL avledet celler deretter sådd ut på en vev konstruert stillaset, Plaga (Poly melkesyre-co-glykolsyre) og styre vevskulturpolystyren (TCPS). Etter 7 dager ble SEM utført for å sammenligne cellulær adhesjon til Plaga versus kontroll TCPS. Cellular morfologi ble evaluert med immunfluorescens farging. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) mikrografer vist at cellene vokste og levd på begge flater Plaga og TCPS og ble sammenflytende over hele flater etter dag 7. Immunfluorescens farging viste normal, ikke-stresset morfologiskeal mønstre på begge overflater. Denne teknikken er lovende for applikasjoner i ACL regenerering og gjenoppbygging.

Arbeids modell for kirurgisk gjenfinning, vev enzymbehandling og isolering av det menneskelige fremre korsbånd (hACL) avledet celler er vist i figur 1.. Cellene migrerte fra eksplantater og følges til T-25 kolber. Disse cellene ble dyrket i 3 dager og deretter ble visualisert under et lysmikroskop (figur 2). En konfluent monolag ble oppnådd ved dag 7. Tilstedeværelsen av friske, levende celler, indikerte en vellykket innhenting og kulturen hACL avledet celler. <p class="jove_con...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications at JoVE.com

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Kirurgisk henting, isolasjon og<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Utvidelse av Menneskelig Fremre korsbånd-deriverte celler for tissue engineering applikasjoner

For fremtidige søknader som en patch for å reparere delvis tårer av fremre korsbånd (ACL), ble menneske ACL avledet celler isolert fra vev innhentet under rekonstruktiv prosedyrer, utvidet in vitro og vokst på vev konstruert stillaser. Cellulær adhesjon og morfologi ble deretter utført for å bekrefte biokompatibilitet på stillaset overflaten.

Injury to the ACL is a commonly encountered problem in active individuals. Even partial tears of this intra-articular knee ligament lead to biomechanical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System

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Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

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This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

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The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor ...

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