Name: combined dna-rna fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to study x chromosome inactivation in differentiated female mouse embryonic stem cells
Uploaded: 2014-06-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

The authors thank all previous and present members of the department of Reproduction and Development of the Erasmus MC for helpful and stimulating discussions during the past years. We also want to thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful feedback. Work in the Gribnau lab is supported by funding from the Dutch research council (NWO-VICI) and an ERC starting grant.

1. 여성 배아 줄기 세포의 분화 유도 X 염색체의 불 활성화를 유도하기 위해 참고 : 여성 마우스 배아 줄기 세포 (요청시 제공)을 마우스 배아 섬유 아 세포 (MEFs)로 코팅 된 호화 배양 접시에 표준 ES 세포 조건에서 재배하고 있습니다. 우리는 여기에서 독자가 표준 세포 배양 기술에 39-41을 잘 알고 있다고 가정합니다. 분화를 유도하기 위하여, T25 접시에서 성장 ES 세포는...

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DNA FISH에 적합한 조건이 안정적 RNA 분자에 비해 너무 가혹한 될 수있는 결합 된 DNA-RNA FISH는 기술적으로 어려울 수 있습니다. 여러 가지 방법은 DNA와 RNA를 모두 검출 프로브와 동시 배양의 필요성을 우회 동일한 셀의 DNA 및 RNA 모두를 연구에 적용되어왔다. 예를 들어, 중첩 방식으로, 첫 번째 RNA 물고기가 수행되고, 셀은 이미지하고, 좌표를 가져옵니다. 그 후, 같은 슬라이드는 RNA FISH의 신호가 손실...

현장 하이브리드 화 (물고기)의 형광에 의해 세포와 조직을 공부하는 것은 1970 년대 후반 1 년에 소개 된 이후, 연구자들은 세포 내 수준에서 유전자 염색질 조직 및 유전자 발현을 연구 할 수있다. DNA의 FISH 자주 세포 유전학, 핵형이, 암 진단 (3) 및 착상 전 유전자 검사 (4)에 사용되고, 그것은 그 나라의 환경에서 핵산을 검출 할 수 있으므로 분자 연구 5-6에서 중요한 역할을한다. RNA FISH에 의해 단일 ​​세포 발현 분석은 네이티브 차 전 사체를 검출 할 수 있고, 비 암호화 RNA를 염색체로부터 전사되고, 예를 들면 등 집단 수준에서 유전자 발현을 평가하는 다른 기술에 이점을 제공 정량적 RT-PCR, 게놈 넓은 발현 분석 또는 노던 블롯 . 원래 자신의 사이트에서 직접 발생하는 RNA 전 사체를 시각화함으로써, 예를 들어왔다유전자 발현 확률 7이며, 때로는 8 대립 유전자 특정 할 수 있습니다 것으로 나타났습니다. 기술의 개선도 9-11 세포 내에서 하나의 mRNA 분자의 검출과 정량을 허용했다. FISH의 기본 원리는 매우 구체적인 왓슨과 크릭 염기쌍에 의해 핵산 프로브로 세포 내에서 핵산의 혼성화로 구성된다. 프로브는 직접 또는 간접적으로 검출, 미시적으로 시각화 될 수있는 신호의 결과 일 수있다. 초기 시도는 안전 문제, 제한된 공간 해상도 및 시간 12-14에 하나의 타겟을 검출 할 수있는 능력에 근거 단점이 있었다 방사성 표지 된 프로브로 구성되었다. 형광 색소, 합텐, 효소 등의 비 방사성 라벨의 후속 개발, 일상적인 분자 생물학 기법으로 물고기의 폭 넓은 사용을 허용했다. FISH 프로브는 직접 fluoroch으로 표시 할 수있다산 핵산에 형광 분자의 화학적 연결하여 romes (15)와 형광 표지 된 뉴클레오티드 16 ~ 19, 또는 프로브가 간접적으로 (비오틴과 제닌 포함) 합텐의 통합에 접합 된 합텐 특정 항체에 의해 합텐의 면역 검출 후 시각화 할 수있는 통합을 시퀀스 형광 기자는 20 ~ 21 분자. 후자의 방법은 원래의 신호를 향상시키기 위해 사용되는 형광 표지 된 항체의 여러 계층을 사용하여 신호 증폭이 가능하고, 낮은 수준으로 발현되는 RNA 종의 검출을 가능하게한다. 직접 및 간접 라벨링 기술과 다양한 합텐을 결합하여 여러 가지 목표를 동시에 동일한 셀 내에서 시각화 할 수 있습니다. FISH 프로토콜에서 가장 중요한 단계 중 하나는 대상에 대한 프로브의 하이브리드입니다. 이론적으로, 프로브가 구체적으로 실제로 목표에만 바인딩되지만,이 특이성프로브는 상동 지역에 바인딩 수 있으므로 항상 달성되지 및 하이브리드 조건이 항상 특정 DNA 영역 또는 RNA 종에 적합하지 않을 것입니다. 그들이 FISH 절차의 엄격 성을 증가시킬 수 있고, 배경 잡음의 고레벨 초래 FISH 프로브의 비특이적 결합을 방지 할 수있는 포스트 - 혼성화 세척 따라서 특히 중요하다. RNA 분자가 하나의 좌초로 그들은 쉽게 FISH 프로브에 혼성화 할 수 있습니다. 대조적으로, 이중 가닥 DNA 분자는 먼저 프로브에 혼성화 할 수있는 후 변성 단계를 필요로한다. 이것은 일반적으로 DNA의 변성을 초래 시험편의 가열에 의해 달성된다. 그러나 이러한 가혹한 조건에서, 깨지기 쉬운, 단일 가닥 RNA 분자가 손실 될 수 있습니다. 따라서 결합 된 DNA-RNA FISH는 조건의 상당한 최적화를 필요로하고, 단지 RNA 또는 DNA의 별도의 검출에 비해 기술적으로 도전이다. 여기에서 우리는 프리젠타 자세한 문의는 여성 마우스 배아 줄기 세포에게 22-24 차별화에 X 염색체 불 활성화 (XCI)를 연구 할 수있다 결합, 동시에 DNA-RNA 물고기의 프로토콜입니다. XCI는 중요한 성적인 여성의 배아 발달 (25)에 대한 메커니즘 및 heterochromatinization 결과이며 따라서 여성 개인이 26 ~ 27에있는 두 개의 X 염색체 중 하나의 침묵. 이 과정에 필수적인 RNF12 22 ~ 23과 REX1 24 단백질에 의해 조절되는 비 암호화 RNA XIST 28-30가 있습니다. XIST 표현이 배아 발달 동안이나 체외에서 ES 세포 분화에 미래 비활성 X 염색체 (사이)에 상향 조절된다 와 X 염색체를 따라 확산하여 X 염색체 (31)의 전사 종료 될 염색질 리모델링 효소를 유치 할 수 있습니다. 이 XIST RNA의 확산은 X 염색체의 코팅으로 RNA FISH에 의해 시각하실 수 있습니다일부도 XIST 클라우드라고한다. 여성 ES 세포 게놈 불안정성으로 인해 자신의 X 염색체 중 하나를 잃을 수 있기 때문에, 우리는 다른 사람은 확인 만 되었으면 염색체 안정 세포가이 중요한 과정 (22), (32)의 분석에서 평가하는 것을 확인하기 위하여, XCI을 연구하기 위해 결합 된 DNA-RNA FISH를 이용했다 -34. 모든 분자 생물학 기법으로, 여러 가지 우수한 프로토콜은 35-38을 발표되었다. 여기에 우리가 할 수 있도록 마우스 ES 세포, 세포의 고정, 닉 - 번역, 고정 된 세포의 전처리에 의한 FISH 프로브의 라벨에 분화 유도에서 시작, 우리의 방법을 제시 permeabilization 이후 프로브 흡수,에 프로브의 하이브리드 타겟, 그리고 마지막으로 형광 표지 된 항체에 의해 프로브의 검출. 여기에 제시 프로토콜은 XIST RNA의 충실한 검출 이틀의 기간 내에서 X 염색체를 허용하고,이 기술의 기본 가능성이 오티에 적용 할 수 있습니다그녀의 시스템과 연구의 영역.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="874">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">female mouse embryonic stem cells</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">will be made available upon request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">mouse embryonic fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>can be derived from E13.5 embryos, or via commercial sources e.g Millipore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">ES cell culture medium</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>DMEM, 15% foetal calf serum, 100 U ml-1 penicillin, 100 mg ml-1 streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, 0.1 mM &#223;-mercaptoethanol, and 1000 U ml-1 LIF. Filter sterilize and store at 4&#186;C for maximal 2 weeks.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">LIF</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Chemicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ESG1107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11960085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Fetal Calf Serum&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">10099141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Penicillin&#8211;streptomycin (100&#215;)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Non-essential aminoacids&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">&#223;-mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">ES cell differentiation medium</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>IMDM-Glutamax, 15% heat inactivated foetal calf serum, 100 U ml-1 penicillin, 100 mg ml-1 streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, 37.8 &#956;l/l monothioglycerol and 50 &#956;g/ml ascorbic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">IMDM-Glutamax</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31980-030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Ascorbic acid (50 mg/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">monothioglycerol</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">T25 cell culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Greiner Bio-one</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">690160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">6-well cell culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Greiner Bio-one</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">662160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">cell culture grade PBS</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Trypsin-EDTA 0.25% (v/v) trypsin/0.2% (w/v) EDTA in PBS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">falcon tubes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">352196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">24x24 mm coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Menzle</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">780882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">gelatin</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1890-100G</td>
			<td>prepare a 0.2% gelatin/cell culture PBS solution, and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>prepare 4% PFA/PBS solutions, by dissolving PFA in PBS. Stir at 70 &#7484;C until completely dissolved and cool down to room temperature. Aliquots can be stored at -20&#7484;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">absolute 100%&#160; ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32221-2.5L</td>
			<td>use absolute 100% ethanol and RNAse free water to make 70% and 90% ethanol solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">RNAse free water</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Baxter</td>
			<td>TKF7114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:464px;">sterile filter tips</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Rainin Bio Clean</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GP-L10F, GP-L200F, RT-1000F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">digoxigenin-labeling kit (DIG-Nick translation)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11745816910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">biotin-labeling kit (Biotin Nick translation)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11745824910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Sephadex G50</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G5080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2 ml syringe</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">BD Plastipak</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">300013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">sterilized cotton</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">eppendorf tubes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">30120086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">yeast tRNA 10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15401-029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Salmon Sperm DNA 10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15632-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">mouse cot-1 DNA&#160; 1 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18440-016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">eppendorf bench top microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 5417R&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Eppendorf Refrigerated Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 5810R&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2M NaAc, pH 5.6</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S7670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">50+ hybridization solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>50% formamide, 2x SSC, 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7, 10% dextran sulfate pH 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">formamide</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Acros organics</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3272350000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">dextran sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Fluka</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">31403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">pepsin</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6887</td>
			<td>prepare a 0.2% solution in RNAse free water, and add 84 &#181;l 37% HCL per 100 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">HCL, 37% solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Fluka</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">84422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">object glasses</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Starfrost</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8037/1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">20x SSC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM9763</td>
			<td>dilute to 2x SSC in RNAse free water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">10 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>add 57.7 ml of 1M Na2HPO4 and 42.3 ml 1M NaH2PO4; use DEPC treated water and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">denaturation buffer</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>70% Formamide/2xSSC/10mM phosphate buffer pH 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2287</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2M Tris pH 7.5 solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline-Tween washing solution (TST)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>100 ml 10x Saline, 50 ml 2M Tris, 500 &#181;l Tween-20, add RNAse free water till 1 liter&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">10x Saline solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>dissolve 85 g NaCl in 1 liter RNAse free H2O, and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline-BSA (TSBSA)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>500 &#956;l 10x Saline, 250 &#956;l 2 M Tris, 1 ml 100x BSA, 3,25 ml RNAse free H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:464px;">BSA, purified, 100x&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">New England Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B9001S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">sheep-anti-dig antibody</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:500 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">rabbit-anti-sheep antibody conjugated with FITC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">goat-anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with FITC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">mouse-anti-biotin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:200 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">donkey-anti-mouse antibody conjugated with Rhodamine</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">goat-anti-horse antibody conjugated with Rhodamine</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline washing solution (TS)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>10 ml 10x Saline, 5 ml 2 M Tris, 85 ml RNAse free H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vectashield mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nail-varnish</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">fluorescent miscroscope</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

combined dna-rna fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to study x chromosome inactivation in differentiated female mouse embryonic stem cells

제자리 혼성화 (FISH)에서 형광 세포의 핵산의 검출을 가능 분자 기법이다. DNA 물고기는 종종 세포 유전학과 암 진단에 사용되며, 종종 중요한 임상 적 의미를 가지고있는 게놈의 수차를 검출 할 수있다. FISH RNA는 세포에서 RNA 분자를 검출하는데 사용될 수 있으며, 유전자 발현의 조절에 중요​​한 통찰력을 제공했다. DNA FISH에 적합한 조건이 깨지기 쉬운, 단일 가닥 RNA 분자에 비해 너무 가혹한 수 있습니다와 같은 세포 내 DNA 및 RNA의 물고기를 결합하는 것은 기술적으로 도전이다. 우리는 여기에서 X 염색체에 의해 인코딩 XIST RNA와 DNA의 결합을 동시에 검출 할 수 쉽게 적용 할 수있는 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 결합 된 DNA-RNA 물고기 프로토콜 가능성이 RNA와 DNA가 탐지해야하는 다른 시스템에 적용 할 수 있습니다.

결합 된 DNA-RNA 물고기를 위에서 언급 한 프로토콜을 사용하여, 우리는 여성의 배아 줄기 세포를 분화에 X 염색체의 불 활성화를 시각화 할 수있게되었습니다. 1 우리가 XIST (인 모두 검출 DNA-RNA FISH 실험의 대표적인 예를 보여줍니다 비활성 X 염색체에 소위 XIST RNA 구름과 액티브 X 염색체에 기초 전사 핀 포인트), 그리고 핀 포인트의 신호로 볼 수있는 X 염색체?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

결합 된 DNA-RNA 형광<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드 화 (물고기) 차별화 된 여성 마우스 배아 줄기 세포에서 X 염색체의 불 활성화를 연구하는

현장 하이브리드 화 (물고기)의 형광은 세포 내에서 네이티브 환경에서의 핵산을 검출 할 수 있습니다. 우리는 여기에 마우스 배아 줄기 세포에서 X 염색체의 불 활성화를 연구하는 데 사용할 수있는 FISH에 의해 RNA와 DNA의 결합, 동시 검출을위한 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique which enables the detection of nucleic acids in cells. DNA FISH is often used in ...

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Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Unit 2

Studying DNA and RNA

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Zebrafish Whole Mount High-Resolution Double Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Zebrafish Whole Mount High-Resolution Double Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Zebrafish 전체 마운트 고해상도 더블 형광등 현장에서 하이브 리다이 제이션

Whole mount in situ hybridization is one of the most widely used techniques in developmental biology.  Here, we present a high-resolution double ...

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생물학

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Protocol in Human Sperm

Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH Protocol in Human Sperm

형광 현장에서</em인간의 정자에서> 하이브리드화 (물고기) 프로토콜

Aneuploidies are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Most of these abnormalities result from meiotic errors during the gametogenic ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

절연 및 마우스 배아 새싹 세포의 유도

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos

전체 산<em&gt; 현장에서</emE11.5 마우스 태아에 E8.5의&gt; 하이브리드

Whole mount in situ hybridization is a very informative approach for defining gene expression patterns in embryos. The in situ hybridization procedures ...

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

GFP와 Retroviral 벡터를 사용하여 유도 Pluripotent 줄기 세포 (iPSCs)로 인간 체세포를 프로그래밍

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH

형광에 의한 바이러스성 RNA의 탐지<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드화 (물고기)

Viruses  that infect cells elicit specific changes to normal cell functions which serve  to divert energy and resources for viral replication. Many ...

Analysis of Single-cell Gene Transcription by RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

Analysis of Single-cell Gene Transcription by RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH

RNA 형광하여 단일 세포 유전자 전사의 분석<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드 (물고기)

Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) to human endothelial receptors during malaria infections is mediated by expression of PfEMP1 ...

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

형광등과 결합 염색체 복제 타이밍<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드

Mammalian DNA replication initiates at multiple sites along chromosomes at different times during S phase, following a temporal replication program. The ...

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos

전체 마운트 RNA 형광<em&gt; 현장에서</em의&gt; 하이브리드<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; 태아

Assessing  the expression pattern of a gene, as well as the subcellular localization  properties of its transcribed RNA, are key features for ...

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

3D 원자력기구의 변화를 공부하기 위해 3D 보존 된 계면 핵에 결합 Immunofluorescence와 DNA의 물고기

Fluorescent in situ hybridization using DNA probes  on 3-dimensionally preserved nuclei followed by 3D confocal microscopy (3D DNA  FISH) represents the ...