Name: combined dna-rna fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to study x chromosome inactivation in differentiated female mouse embryonic stem cells
Uploaded: 2014-06-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

The authors thank all previous and present members of the department of Reproduction and Development of the Erasmus MC for helpful and stimulating discussions during the past years. We also want to thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful feedback. Work in the Gribnau lab is supported by funding from the Dutch research council (NWO-VICI) and an ERC starting grant.

1.. Kadın Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri Farklılaşma endüklenmesi X kromozomu inaktivasyonu tetikleyebilecek NOT: Bayan fare embriyonik kök hücreleri (istek üzerine) fare embriyonik fibroblastlar (MEF&#39;ler) ile kaplanmış Jelatinize kültür yemekleri standart ES hücre koşullarında yetiştirilir. Biz burada okuyucu standart hücre kültürü teknikleri 39-41 aşina olduğunu varsayalım. Farklılaşmasını teşvik etmek için, T25 tabaklarında büyütülmüş ES hücrele...

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DNA FISH için uygun koşullar daha az istikrarlı RNA molekülleri için çok sert olabilir gibi kombine DNA-RNA FISH, teknik olarak zor olabilir. Çeşitli yaklaşımlar hem DNA hem RNA&#39;yı tespit probları ile aynı anda inkübasyon için ihtiyaç engellemeyi, aynı hücre içerisinde DNA ve RNA hem de çalışma uygulanmıştır. Örneğin, bir bindirilmesi yaklaşımda, birinci RNA FISH gerçekleştirilir ve hücre görüntülenmiş ve koordinatlar alınır. Daha sonra, aynı slaytlar RNA FISH sinyalinin kaybol...

In situ hibridizasyon (FISH) floresan vasıtasıyla hücre ve dokuları inceleyerek 1970&#39;lerin 1 yılından bu yana, araştırmacılar subselüler seviyesinde genler, kromatin organizasyonu ve gen ifadesini incelemek için izin vardır. DNA FISH sık sitogenetik, karyotipleme 2, kanser teşhis 3 ve pre-implantasyon genetik tarama 4&#39;te kullanılan ve onların doğal ortamında nükleik asitlerin saptanmasını sağlar çünkü moleküler araştırma 5-6 önemli bir role sahiptir. RNA FISH ile tek hücre ekspresyon analizleri yerli primer transkript algılayabilir ve kodlamayan RNA&#39;lar kromozom transkripsiyonu, ve aralarında örneğin bir nüfus düzeyinde gen ifadesini değerlendirmek diğer tekniklerden avantaj sunuyor kantitatif RT-PCR, genom ekspresyon analizi veya Kuzey lekeleme . Geldikleri sitelerinden doğrudan kaynaklanan RNA transkript görselleştirerek, örneğin olmuşturgen ekspresyon stokastik 7, ve bazen 8 alel spesifik olabilir fark ettim. Tekniğin gelişmeler bile hücreler 9-11 olan bir mRNA moleküllerinin algılama ve ölçümü izin vermektedir. FISH temel ilkesi, son derece spesifik, Watson ve Crick&#39;in baz eşleştirme aracılığıyla bir nükleik asit sondasına hücre içinde nükleik asitlerin hibridizasyonu oluşur. Sonda, ya doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak tespit edildi, mikroskobik olarak görselleştirilebilen bir sinyal elde olabilir. Başlangıç ​​girişimleri güvenlik sorunları sınırlı uzamsal çözünürlük ve bir süre 12-14 yalnızca bir hedef tespit etme yeteneğine göre sakıncaları vardı radyoaktif olarak etiketlenmiş problar, oluşuyordu. Fluorochromes, haptenlere ve enzimler içeren radyoaktif olmayan etiketler, sonraki gelişme, rutin moleküler biyoloji tekniği olarak FISH yaygın kullanımına izin vermiş. FISH prob ya doğrudan fluoroch ile etiketlenmiş olabilirnükleik asit floresan moleküller ile kimyasal bağlanması romes 15 ve floresanla işaretlenmiş nükleotidlerin 16-19, ya da dolaylı olarak prob (biyotin ve digoksijenin dahil) haptenlerin entegrasyonu ve konjüge edilmiş hapten özgü antikorlarla haptenlerin immünolojik tespiti sonra görselleştirilebilir entegrasyonu dizilerinin flüoresan raportör moleküllerin 20-21. İkinci yaklaşım orijinal sinyal geliştirmek için kullanılan floresan işaretli antikorlar çeşitli katmanları kullanarak sinyal büyütülmesine olanak tanır, ve düşük seviyelerde ifade edilmiştir RNA türünün saptanmasını sağlar. Doğrudan ve dolaylı etiketleme teknikleri ve çeşitli haptenleri birleştirerek, bazı hedefler aynı anda aynı hücre içinde görselleştirilebilir. FISH protokolleri en önemli adımlardan biri hedefine probun hibridizasyonu. Teorik olarak, bir prob özel uygulamada, hedefine bağlanan tek olsa da, bu özgünlüğüprobları homolog bölgelere bağlanabilir her zaman olduğu gibi, elde edilememesi ve hibridizasyon koşulları daima belirli bir DNA bölgesi ya da RNA türleri için ideal olmayabilir olacaktır. Bunlar FISH prosedürün sıkılığının artırabilir ve arka plan gürültüsü yüksek düzeyde olmasına neden olur FISH prob, spesifik olmayan bağlanmasını önlemek gibi hibridizasyon sonrası yıkamalar, bu nedenle özel bir önem taşımaktadır. RNA molekülleri tek telli gibi kolayca bir BALIK hibritlenmiştir olabilir. Buna karşılık, iki iplikçikli DNA molekülü, birinci bir sonda melezleşebilir sonra denatürasyon adımı gerekmektedir. Bu genellikle DNA&#39;nın denatürasyonu ile sonuçlanan numunenin ısıtılması ile elde edilir. Ancak bu sert koşullar altında, kırılgan, tek sarmallı RNA molekülleri kaybolmuş olabilir. Bu nedenle, birleşik DNA-RNA FISH koşullarının önemli optimizasyon gerektirir ve sadece RNA veya DNA&#39;nın ayrı bir algılama göre daha teknik açıdan zor. Burada presenta detaylı bizi dişi fare embriyonik kök hücreleri 22-24 ayırt X kromozomu inaktivasyonu (XCI) okuttu kombine, eşzamanlı DNA-RNA FISH protokolü. XCI önemli bir epigenetik dişi embriyonik gelişme için bir mekanizma 25 ve heterochromatinization ile sonuçlanır ve bu nedenle dişi bireyler 26-27 iki X kromozomu birinin susturma. Bu işlem için gerekli 22-23 RNF12 ve REX1 24 proteinler tarafından düzenlenir kodlayıcı olmayan RNA Xist 28-30 vardır. Xist sentezleme embriyonik gelişimi sırasında ya da in vitro ES hücre farklılaşması üzerine gelecek etkin X kromozom (Xi) üzerinde yukarı regüle olur ve X kromozomu boyunca yayılır ve böylece X kromozomu 31 transkripsiyonel kapanmasına neden kromatin yeniden enzimleri de olabilir. Bu Xist RNA yayılan X kromozomal bir kaplama olarak RNA FISH ile görselleştirilebilirbazıları, aynı zamanda bir bulut Xist olarak ifade edilmektedir. Kadın ES hücreleri genomik istikrarsızlık nedeniyle X kromozomu birini kaybedebilir yana, biz ve diğerleri emin sadece karyotipik istikrarlı hücreleri, bu önemli sürecin 22,32 analizinde değerlendirilir emin olmak için, XCI çalışma kombine DNA-RNA FISH istihdam var -34. Her moleküler biyoloji tekniğinde olduğu gibi, çok sayıda farklı mükemmel protokoller 35-38 yayınlanmıştır. Burada izin vermek için, fare ES hücreleri, hücrelerin tespit Nick-çeviri, sabit hücrelerin ön-muamelesi ile FISH prob etiketleme farklılaşmasının indüksiyonu başlayarak eden yöntem mevcut permeabilizasyon ve daha sonra prob alımı, için sondanın hibridizasyon Hedef ve son olarak floresan etiketli antikorlar ile prob tespiti. Burada sunulan protokol Xist RNA sadık algılama ve iki günlük bir süre içinde X kromozomu sağlar ve bu tekniğin temelleri muhtemel ot adapte edilebilirOnun sistemleri ve araştırma alanları.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="874">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">female mouse embryonic stem cells</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">will be made available upon request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">mouse embryonic fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>can be derived from E13.5 embryos, or via commercial sources e.g Millipore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">ES cell culture medium</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>DMEM, 15% foetal calf serum, 100 U ml-1 penicillin, 100 mg ml-1 streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, 0.1 mM &#223;-mercaptoethanol, and 1000 U ml-1 LIF. Filter sterilize and store at 4&#186;C for maximal 2 weeks.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">LIF</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Chemicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ESG1107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11960085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Fetal Calf Serum&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">10099141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Penicillin&#8211;streptomycin (100&#215;)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Non-essential aminoacids&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">&#223;-mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">ES cell differentiation medium</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>IMDM-Glutamax, 15% heat inactivated foetal calf serum, 100 U ml-1 penicillin, 100 mg ml-1 streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, 37.8 &#956;l/l monothioglycerol and 50 &#956;g/ml ascorbic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">IMDM-Glutamax</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31980-030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Ascorbic acid (50 mg/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">monothioglycerol</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">T25 cell culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Greiner Bio-one</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">690160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">6-well cell culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Greiner Bio-one</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">662160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">cell culture grade PBS</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Trypsin-EDTA 0.25% (v/v) trypsin/0.2% (w/v) EDTA in PBS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">falcon tubes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">352196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">24x24 mm coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Menzle</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">780882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">gelatin</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1890-100G</td>
			<td>prepare a 0.2% gelatin/cell culture PBS solution, and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>prepare 4% PFA/PBS solutions, by dissolving PFA in PBS. Stir at 70 &#7484;C until completely dissolved and cool down to room temperature. Aliquots can be stored at -20&#7484;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">absolute 100%&#160; ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32221-2.5L</td>
			<td>use absolute 100% ethanol and RNAse free water to make 70% and 90% ethanol solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">RNAse free water</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Baxter</td>
			<td>TKF7114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:464px;">sterile filter tips</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Rainin Bio Clean</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GP-L10F, GP-L200F, RT-1000F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">digoxigenin-labeling kit (DIG-Nick translation)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11745816910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">biotin-labeling kit (Biotin Nick translation)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11745824910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Sephadex G50</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G5080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2 ml syringe</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">BD Plastipak</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">300013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">sterilized cotton</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">eppendorf tubes</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">30120086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">yeast tRNA 10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15401-029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Salmon Sperm DNA 10 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15632-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">mouse cot-1 DNA&#160; 1 mg/ml</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18440-016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">eppendorf bench top microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 5417R&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Eppendorf Refrigerated Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Model 5810R&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2M NaAc, pH 5.6</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S7670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">50+ hybridization solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>50% formamide, 2x SSC, 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7, 10% dextran sulfate pH 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">formamide</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Acros organics</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3272350000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">dextran sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Fluka</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">31403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">pepsin</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6887</td>
			<td>prepare a 0.2% solution in RNAse free water, and add 84 &#181;l 37% HCL per 100 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">HCL, 37% solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Fluka</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">84422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">object glasses</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Starfrost</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8037/1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">20x SSC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM9763</td>
			<td>dilute to 2x SSC in RNAse free water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">10 mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>add 57.7 ml of 1M Na2HPO4 and 42.3 ml 1M NaH2PO4; use DEPC treated water and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">denaturation buffer</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>70% Formamide/2xSSC/10mM phosphate buffer pH 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2287</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">2M Tris pH 7.5 solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline-Tween washing solution (TST)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>100 ml 10x Saline, 50 ml 2M Tris, 500 &#181;l Tween-20, add RNAse free water till 1 liter&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">10x Saline solution</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>dissolve 85 g NaCl in 1 liter RNAse free H2O, and autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline-BSA (TSBSA)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>500 &#956;l 10x Saline, 250 &#956;l 2 M Tris, 1 ml 100x BSA, 3,25 ml RNAse free H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:464px;">BSA, purified, 100x&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">New England Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B9001S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">sheep-anti-dig antibody</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:500 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">rabbit-anti-sheep antibody conjugated with FITC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">goat-anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with FITC</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">mouse-anti-biotin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Roche diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:200 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">donkey-anti-mouse antibody conjugated with Rhodamine</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">goat-anti-horse antibody conjugated with Rhodamine</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Jackson labs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>use 1:250 diluted in TSBSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:464px;">Tris-Saline washing solution (TS)</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>10 ml 10x Saline, 5 ml 2 M Tris, 85 ml RNAse free H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vectashield mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Vectorlabs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nail-varnish</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:464px;">fluorescent miscroscope</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

combined dna-rna fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to study x chromosome inactivation in differentiated female mouse embryonic stem cells

In situ hibridizasyon (FISH) floresan hücrelerdeki nükleik asitlerin saptanmasını sağlayan bir molekül tekniktir. DNA FISH genellikle sitogenetiği ve kanser teşhisinde kullanılan ve çoğu zaman önemli klinik etkileri vardır genomun, sapmaları tespit edebilir. RNA FISH hücrelerde RNA molekülleri tespit etmek için kullanılabilir ve gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesinde önemli bilgiler sağlamıştır. DNA FISH için uygun koşullar kırılgan, tek sarmallı RNA molekülleri için çok sert olabilir gibi aynı hücre içinde DNA ve RNA BALIK birleştiren, teknik olarak zordur. Biz burada X kromozomu tarafından kodlanan Xist RNA ve DNA kombine eşzamanlı algılamayı sağlayan kolay uygulanabilir bir protokol mevcut. Bu kombine DNA-RNA FISH protokol muhtemelen RNA ve DNA hem de tespit edilmesi gereken diğer sistemlere de uygulanabilir.

Kombine DNA-RNA FISH için yukarıda belirtilen protokolü kullanarak, dişi embriyonik kök hücreleri farklılaştırarak X kromozomu inaktivasyonu görselleştirmek mümkün olmuştur. 1. biz Xist (ki her ikisi de tespit edilen DNA-RNA FISH deney, temsili bir örneğini göstermektedir inaktif X kromozomu üzerindeki bir sözde Xist RNA bulut ve aktif X kromozomu üzerinde bir bazal transkripsiyon iğne ucu) ve bir iğne ucu sinyali olarak görülebilir X kromozomu,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Kombine DNA-RNA Floresan<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Hibridizasyon (FISH) Farklılaştırılmış Kadın Fare Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri X kromozomu inaktivasyonu Eğitim için

In situ hibridizasyon (FISH) floresan hücre içinde kendi doğal ortamında nükleik asitlerin saptanmasını sağlar. Burada fare embriyonik kök hücreleri X kromozomu inaktivasyon incelemek için kullanılabilir FISH vasıtasıyla RNA ve DNA birleşik, eş zamanlı olarak saptanması için bir protokol açıklar.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique which enables the detection of nucleic acids in cells. DNA FISH is often used in ...

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Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Unit 2

Studying DNA and RNA

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Zebrafish Whole Mount High-Resolution Double Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Zebrafish Whole Mount High-Resolution Double Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Zebra balığı Tüm Dağı Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Çift Floresan Yerinde Hibridizasyon

Whole mount in situ hybridization is one of the most widely used techniques in developmental biology.  Here, we present a high-resolution double ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Protocol in Human Sperm

Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH Protocol in Human Sperm

Floresan In situ İnsan Sperm hibridizasyon (FISH) Protokolü

Aneuploidies are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Most of these abnormalities result from meiotic errors during the gametogenic ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Fare Embriyonik Germinal Hücreleri İzolasyon ve türetilmesi

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos

Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization of E8.5 to E11.5 Mouse Embryos

Tüm Dağı<em&gt; In situ</emE11.5 fare embriyolarına E8.5 ve&gt; Hibridizasyon

Whole mount in situ hybridization is a very informative approach for defining gene expression patterns in embryos. The in situ hybridization procedures ...

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

GFP Retroviral Vector kullanarak İsteyerek Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerinin (iPSCs) içine İnsan somatik hücreleri yeniden programlama

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH

Floresans tarafından viral RNA tespit edilmesi<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Hibridizasyon (FISH)

Viruses  that infect cells elicit specific changes to normal cell functions which serve  to divert energy and resources for viral replication. Many ...

Analysis of Single-cell Gene Transcription by RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

Analysis of Single-cell Gene Transcription by RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization FISH

RNA Floresan tarafından Tek hücreli Gen Transkripsiyon Analizi<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hibridizasyon (FISH)

Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) to human endothelial receptors during malaria infections is mediated by expression of PfEMP1 ...

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Floresan ile birlikte Kromozom çoğaltılıyor Zamanlama<em&gt; Yerinde</em&gt; Hibridizasyon

Mammalian DNA replication initiates at multiple sites along chromosomes at different times during S phase, following a temporal replication program. The ...

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos

Whole Mount RNA Fluorescent in situ Hybridization of Drosophila Embryos

Tüm Dağı RNA Floresan<em&gt; In situ</emVe&gt; Hibridizasyon<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Embriyolar

Assessing  the expression pattern of a gene, as well as the subcellular localization  properties of its transcribed RNA, are key features for ...

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

3D Nükleer teşkilatında değişiklikler Eğitim için 3D-korunmuş Tane Çekirdekle ilgili Kombine İmmünofloresan ve DNA FISH

Fluorescent in situ hybridization using DNA probes  on 3-dimensionally preserved nuclei followed by 3D confocal microscopy (3D DNA  FISH) represents the ...