Name: a new clarification method to visualize biliary degeneration during liver metamorphosis in sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus)
Uploaded: 2014-06-06T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus at JoVE.com

作者承认哈蒙德湾生物站，大湖科学中心，美国地质调查局的贡献。我们也感谢梅林达帧博士在中心高级显微镜在密歇根州立大学在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜她的技术支持。这项研究是由赠款从大湖区渔业委员会YWCD和WML的支持。

1，溶液配制<ol><li>使1升10倍的0.1M磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS，pH值为7.4）：称取26.2克磷酸钠（一元），115克磷酸钠（二元），并87.66克NaCl等。溶于约800ml蒸馏水H 2 O，调节pH值，并把音量开到1升，用蒸馏水H 2 O <ol><li>使1升0.1M磷酸缓冲盐水（pH 7.4）：取100毫升10倍的PBS中，并加入900毫升蒸馏H 2 O。 </li><li>使1升0.1M磷酸缓冲液（pH 7.4）中含0.1％的Triton X-100：取百毫升10倍的PBS中，加?...

<ol>
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Int. 26, 825-830 (2010).</li><li>Hartley, J. L., Davenport, M., Kelly, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biliary+atresia.">Biliary atresia.</a> Lancet. 374, 1704-1713 (2009).</li><li>Morecki, R., Glaser, J. H., Cho, S., Balistreri, W. F., Horwitz, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biliary+atresia+and+reovirus+type+3+infection.">Biliary atresia and reovirus type 3 infection.</a> New Engl. J. Med. 307, 481-484 (1982).</li><li>Shimadera, S., Iwai, N., Deguchi, E., Kimura, O., Fumino, S., Yokoyama, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+inv+mouse+as+an+experimental+model+of+biliary+atresia.">The inv mouse as an experimental model of biliary atresia.</a> J. Pediatr. 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U.S.A. 109, 11419-11424 (2012).</li><li>Chung, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+molecular+interrogation+of+intact+biological+systems.">Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems.</a> Nature. 497, 332-337 (2013).</li><li>Alarc&#243;n, V. B., Filosa, M. F., Youson, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytokeratins+in+the+liver+of+the+sea+lamprey+(Petromyzon+marinus)+before+and+after+metamorphosis.">Cytokeratins in the liver of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) before and after metamorphosis.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 287, 365-374 (1997).</li><li>Youson, J. H., Ogilvie, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructural+features+of+degeneration+of+the+gallbladder+during+lamprey+biliary+atresia.">Ultrastructural features of degeneration of the gallbladder during lamprey biliary atresia.</a> Tissue and Cell. 22, 477-492 (1990).</li><li>Morii, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Onset+of+apoptosis+in+the+cystic+duct+during+metamorphosis+of+a+Japanese+lamprey,+Lethenteron+reissneri.">Onset of apoptosis in the cystic duct during metamorphosis of a Japanese lamprey, Lethenteron reissneri.</a> Anat. Rec. 293, 1155-1166 (2010).</li></ol>

这个协议是由一个称为“净”12新方法，该交联完整的组织与聚丙烯酰胺以形成纳米多孔水凝胶，然后除掉组织的细胞膜，以实现光学透明性及透气性高分子修饰。 “清晰度”允许远程投射和神经系统局部电路接线完好组织成像。这种新方法可用于变态过程中可视化整个胆道系统在海七鳃鳗肝脏。这是生物学中的挑战，获得高分辨率的信息和保持从一个复杂的系统，例如在整个胆道系统?...

海七鳃鳗通过三个不同的人生阶段发展1,2。幼虫海七鳃鳗（L）的花费大部分时间在洞穴作为底栖滤食性动物。在经历的外部形态和重组内脏3剧变7变质阶段，由此产生的少年（合资）输入期间，他们吸食血液和组织液从宿主鱼寄生阶段，增加体重的100倍以上。经过1.0〜1.5年在海洋或大湖主机喂鱼，大人在早春停止喂养和迁移到河流产卵，然后死亡1,2。 变态期间，海七鳃鳗肝脏失去胆囊和整个胆管树，进化的突变表型，模仿人类婴儿疾病胆道闭锁。婴儿胆道闭锁是一种罕见的小儿肝脏疾病严重的并发症4,5,6,7，8,9,10，但是胆道闭锁的发病机制和病因在很大程度上是未知4。出生后的两年内病人胆道闭锁死去，除非手术治疗（葛西程序）执行5。随后，这些患者需要丰富的临床管理及常肝移植6。胆道闭锁的发病机理许多理论被提出，如病毒感染，先天性畸形，自身免疫性疾病，并且毒性损伤。然而，每到胆道闭锁的发展所作的贡献仍未有定论7,8,9,10。 不像遭受病理胆道闭锁的婴儿，海七鳃鳗经受发育编程胆道闭锁没有广泛的坏死性炎症，纤维化或肝硬化10。在此过程中10，动物可能会受到短暂的胆汁淤积，但适应这种发展的条件通过从头合成和胆汁盐在发育胆道闭锁，除了已知的机制，如在肝11减少胆汁盐合成后肠的分泌。这在海七鳃鳗的发展过程提供了唯一的已知的机会检查胆道闭锁的进展。 一个名为“清晰度”新开发的方法，通过将完整的组织成一个光学透明的纳米多孔水凝胶12可实现高清晰度成像在复杂的哺乳动物神经系统。使用海七鳃鳗的肝脏和修改CLARITY协议，胆道病变的完好组织成像可以记录整个肝脏变态。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">40% acrylamide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">161-0140</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2% bis-acrylamide&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>161-0142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TEMED</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>161-0800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ammonium persulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A3678-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">boric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B7901-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">saponin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>47036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sodium dodecyl sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L337-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sodium phosphate (monobasic)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>04269-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sodium phosphate (dibasic)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S5136-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glycerol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G9012-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">16% paraformaldehyde&#160;</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>15710-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaOH pellets&#160;</td>
			<td>EMD</td>
			<td>SX0590-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Any brand</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">dissecting tools&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Any brand</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a new clarification method to visualize biliary degeneration during liver metamorphosis in sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus)

胆道闭锁是婴儿期一种罕见的疾病，估计有1 15,000频率在美国东南部，但在东亚国家较为常见，与1台5000报频率。虽然知道关于胆道闭锁的管理，其发病机制仍不清楚。海七鳃鳗（Petromyzon马里努斯 ）提供了一个独特的机会来审视胆管变性的机制和进展。海七鳃鳗发展经历三个不同的人生阶段：幼虫，寄生，和成人。在从幼虫寄生少年的过渡，海七鳃鳗经历蜕变与戏剧性的重组和重构的外部形态和内部器官。在肝脏中，整个胆道系统丢失，包括胆囊和胆管树。一个名为“清晰度”新开发的方法进行了修改，以澄清整个肝脏和结与变质海七鳃鳗肠道。该胆管变性过程是通过使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察和海七鳃鳗变态过程中看出端倪。这种方法提供了一个强大的工具来研究胆道闭锁在一个独特的动物模型。

发生于肝胆系统的几个重要发展事件海七鳃鳗变态过程。胆管和胆囊发生凋亡和退化（ 图1）。与肝细胞标志物细胞角蛋白19（CK19，存在于两个胆管上皮细胞和肝细胞前和变态13之后），并使用共聚焦显微镜的抗凋亡BCL2基因标记物相结合的改性澄清法和染色法，在整个胆道系统沿Z轴（捕获图2）和3 -维结构被重建（ 图3）。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜通过?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus at JoVE.com

A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus

一种新的澄清方法，以可视化胆道变性在肝癌变态海七鳃鳗（ Petromyzon马里努斯）

海七鳃鳗失去变态在胆囊和胆管，类似于人类的胆道闭锁的过程。一种新的固定和澄清方法（CLARITY）进行了修改，使用可视化激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在整个胆道系统。这种方法提供了一个强大的工具来研究胆管变性。

Biliary atresia is a rare disease of infancy, with an estimated 1 in 15,000 frequency in the southeast United States, but more common in East Asian ...

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A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

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