Name: analysis of the epithelial damage produced by entamoeba histolytica infection
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from the Institute of Science and Technology of the Federal District (ICyTDF, 64/2012 to EO) and the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (Conacyt, 179895 to MS).

1.. Etablering og opretholdelse af E. histolytica Cultures <ol><li> Grow axenisk (helt fri for alle andre kontaminerende organismer) 1 x 10 5 trofozoitter af Entamoeba histolytica stamme HML: IMSS klone et 18 i 16 x 125 mm podningsrør med Teflon liner skruelåg (eller 1 x 10 6 trofozoitter i en engangs-T- 25-kolbe), og 15 ml (eller 50 ml i T-25-kolbe) af Tyi-S-33-medium (TYI bouillon suppleret med 3% Diamond vitaminblanding, 10% varmeinaktiveret serum fra voksent kv?...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cysteine+proteases+of+parasitic+organisms.">Cysteine proteases of parasitic organisms.</a> Mol Biochem Parasitol. 120, 1-21 (2002).</li><li>Betanzos, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+EhCPADH112+complex+of+Entamoeba+histolytica+interacts+with+tight+junction+proteins+occludin+and+claudin-1+to+produce+epithelial+damage.">The EhCPADH112 complex of Entamoeba histolytica interacts with tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 to produce epithelial damage.</a> PLoS One. 8, (2013).</li><li>Lauwaet, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteinase+inhibitors+TPCK+and+TLCK+prevent+Entamoeba+histolytica+induced+disturbance+of+tight+junctions+and+microvilli+in+enteric+cell+layers+in+vitro.">Proteinase inhibitors TPCK and TLCK prevent Entamoeba histolytica induced disturbance of tight junctions and microvilli in enteric cell layers in vitro.</a> Int J Parasitol. 34, 785-794 (2004).</li><li>Leroy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contact-dependent+transfer+of+the+galactose-specific+lectin+of+Entamoeba+histolytica+to+the+lateral+surface+of+enterocytes+in+culture.">Contact-dependent transfer of the galactose-specific lectin of Entamoeba histolytica to the lateral surface of enterocytes in culture.</a> Infect Immun. 63, 4253-4260 (1995).</li><li>Leroy, A., Lauwaet, T., De Bruyne, G., Cornelissen, M., Mareel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+disturbs+the+tight+junction+complex+in+human+enteric+T84+cell+layers.">Entamoeba histolytica disturbs the tight junction complex in human enteric T84 cell layers.</a> FASEB J. 14, 1139-1146 (2000).</li><li>Leroy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disturbance+of+tight+junctions+by+Entamoeba+histolytica:+resistant+vertebrate+cell+types+and+incompetent+trophozoites.">Disturbance of tight junctions by Entamoeba histolytica: resistant vertebrate cell types and incompetent trophozoites.</a> Arch Med Res. 31, (2000).</li><li>Lauwaet, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+trophozoites+transfer+lipophosphopeptidoglycans+to+enteric+cell+layers.">Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites transfer lipophosphopeptidoglycans to enteric cell layers.</a> Int J Parasitol. 34, 549-556 (2004).</li><li>Kissoon-Singh, V., Moreau, F., Trusevych, E., Chadee, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+Exacerbates+Epithelial+Tight+Junction+Permeability+and+Proinflammatory+Responses+in+Muc2(-/-)+Mice.">Entamoeba histolytica Exacerbates Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability and Proinflammatory Responses in Muc2(-/-) Mice.</a> Am J Pathol. 182, 852-865 (2013).</li><li>Lejeune, M., Moreau, F., Chadee, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prostaglandin+E2+produced+by+Entamoeba+histolytica+signals+via+EP4+receptor+and+alters+claudin-4+to+increase+ion+permeability+of+tight+junctions.">Prostaglandin E2 produced by Entamoeba histolytica signals via EP4 receptor and alters claudin-4 to increase ion permeability of tight junctions.</a> Am J Pathol. 179, 807-818 (2011).</li><li>Orozco, M. 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For at studere in vitro host-patogen interaktioner i løbet af epitelial infektion med E. histolytica, er det afgørende at arbejde med veletablerede kulturer af både epitelceller og trofozoitter. For eksempel, tidligere E. histolytica kulturer var normalt blevet etableret i forbindelse med visse arter af bakterier eller trypanosomatids 22,23. Men co-dyrkning af E. histolytica kulturer er kontraproduktivt for studiet af host-patogen interaktioner, fordi observerede virknin...

Entamoeba histolytica er en enkelt celle protozo ansvarlige human amoebiasis en tarminfektion forårsager betændelse og diarré. E. histolytica inficerer op til 50 millioner mennesker årligt, men kun omkring 10% af de smittede mennesker udvikler symptomer forbundet til amoebiasis 1. Smitte sker ved indtagelse af forurenet mad eller vand, som indeholder E. histolytica cyster. I tarmen, cyster producerer levende trofozoitter der overholder kolon mucin og formere 2. Trofozoitter sædvanligvis cyster, der udskilles via afføring. I andre tilfælde og endnu ukendte grunde trophozoitter bryde den intestinale epitel lag og invadere underliggende væv. I værste tilfælde, de træder ind i blodet og påvirke andre organer såsom lever 3.. Breaking epitelbarrieren kræver afbrydelse af epitelial transmembrale strukturer, der opretholder cellerne samles. Epitelcellekontakter dannes ved apikale forbindelsesmangfoldighed kompleks bestående af fast (TJ) og adherens junctions (AJ) og desmosomes 4. De mest apikale junctions er TJ, og derfor er de første barriere fornærmet af E. histolytica og nogle andre patogener under host invasion. TJ består af transmembrale adhæsionsreceptorer såsom claudins, occludin og Junctional adhæsionsmolekyler (JAM), der deltager i homo-eller heterofile interaktioner med receptorer på det tilstødende celle. De er intracellulært bundet af stillads molekyler af de zonula occludens (ZO) familie, der forbinder adhæsionsreceptorer til aktincytoskelet at give yderligere mekanisk styrke til epitel. TJ er ansvarlige for forsegling tarmvæv fra tarmlumen, forhindrer overdreven vand og opløste lækage. Således, efter TJ er forstyrret af parasitten, er væv invaderet. E. histolytica udskiller flere molekyler såsom: (i) der er involveret i vedhæftning af amøber til TargET celler 5; (Ii) faktorer membranaktive deltager i drab af værtsceller ved exocytose, for eksempel ionkanal-dannende peptider betegnes amoebapores 6,7; og (iii) proteinaser, som nedbryder ekstracellulære matrixproteiner og medierer væv disintegration 5,8,9. Den cysteinprotease EhCP112 og adhesionsmolekylet EhADH112 der tilsammen danner EhCPADH112 komplekset er to E. histolytica virulens proteiner, der spiller en stor rolle i demonteringen af TJ 10. Levende trophozoitter, deres samlede lysater og udskilte produkter fremkalde molekylære ændringer i TJ komplekse og funktionelle forstyrrelser af epitelbarriere. I denne undersøgelse er det vist, at EhCP112 og EhADH112 interagere med occludin og claudin-1-proteiner, der fører til internalisering og nedbrydning af celle proteiner, hvilket vil lette E. histolytica indgang gennem paracellulære vej. Vores data og dem, of andre grupper 11-17 tyder stærkt på nødvendigheden af specifikke vært-patogen interaktioner, der tillader parasit invasion. Unraveling det molekylære grundlag af disse interaktioner er af allerstørste betydning for en bedre forståelse af amoebiasis patogenese. Selektiv forstyrrelse af TJ af trophozoitter, kendetegnet ved forøget paracellulær permeabilitet, kan måles ved et fald i transepithelial elektrisk modstand (TER). Overføringen af ​​parasitiske proteiner hen imod værten epitel kan bestemmes ved hjælp af immunfluorescens-farvning og konfokal lasermikroskopi, en metode, kan også afsløre co-lokalisering af amøber virulensfaktorer med epiteliale synaptiske markører angiver mulige direkte vekselvirkninger. I denne artikel beskriver vi i detaljer, hvordan epitelceller og trophozoitter dyrkes, høstes og manipuleret til at undersøge host-patogen interaktioner og deres konsekvenser.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Entamoeba histolytica HM1:IMSS, Clone A&#160;</td>
			<td>IMSS Hospital, Mexico</td>
			<td>Without/number</td>
			<td>Virulent trophozoites18&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="8">TYI broth</td>
			<td rowspan="8">Becton, Dickinson and Company 
			Merck 
			Merck 
			Merck 
			J.T. Baker 
			Reproquifin 
			SIGMA-Aldrich 
			SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
			<td rowspan="8">211862 
			K35625437 626 
			21578 
			4873 
			3252-01 
			CAS 50-81-7 
			C7880 
			F-5879</td>
			<td rowspan="8">3.45% BBL Biosate peptone 
			58 mM glucose 
			39 mM NaCl 
			5 mM KH2PO4 
			6.5 mM K2HPO4 
			16.3 mM ascorbic acid 
			8.1 mM L-cysteine 
			&#160;0.1 mM ferric ammonium citrate, adjust pH 6.819</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum adult</td>
			<td>Microlab , Labs., Mex.</td>
			<td>SU146</td>
			<td>Use at 10% and inactivated to 56&#176; C for 30 min</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond&#160; vitamin&#160; mixture- Tween 80</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>SR-07</td>
			<td>Use at 3%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin&#160;</td>
			<td>Lakeside,&#160; M&#233;x.</td>
			<td>34564SSA IV</td>
			<td>0.5 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Lakeside,&#160; M&#233;x.</td>
			<td>75757SSA IV</td>
			<td>35 &#181;g/ mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex 15 mL screw cap culture tubes with PTFE lined phenolic caps</td>
			<td>Corning-Pyrex</td>
			<td>9826-16X</td>
			<td>16x125 mm, capacity 15 mL and caps fabricated from special formula resistant to effects of temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture plates, 6 Well</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3516</td>
			<td>Sterile plates, well diameter 34.8 mm and growth area 9.5 cm2.&#160; Rings on lid prevent cross-contamination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25cm2 cell culture flask</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>430168</td>
			<td>Canted neck flasks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) type I</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>CCL34</td>
			<td>Kidney epithelial cells grown between the 60th and 90th passage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco&#160;</td>
			<td>12800-017</td>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium with high glucose.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neonate Calf Serum</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>S-02</td>
			<td>Use at 10%.&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin mixture&#160;</td>
			<td>In vitro&#160;</td>
			<td>A-01</td>
			<td>Stock solution 10,000 U/&#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>AMSA</td>
			<td>398MJ94SSA IV</td>
			<td>Stock solution 100 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin solution&#160;</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>EN-005</td>
			<td>0.05% enzyme solution without calcium and magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75cm2 cell culture flask</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>430720</td>
			<td>Canted neck flasks for trophozoite culture in TYI-S-33 medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transwell permeable supports</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3470</td>
			<td>0.4. &#181;m polyster membrane, 6.5 mm insert in 24 well plate, growth area 0.3 cm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well cell culture dish&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3524</td>
			<td>Clear polystyrene, treated for optimal cell attachment, sterilized by gamma radiation and certified non-pyrogenic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete Mini</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11836 153 001</td>
			<td>Protease inhibitor cocktail inhibits a broad spectrum of serine, cysteine and metallo-proteases. Final concentration 1 mM&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64)</td>
			<td>SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3132</td>
			<td>Cystein protease inhibitor, final concentration 40 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>p&#945;ZO-1&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>402200</td>
			<td>IgG rabbit policlonal&#160; antibody&#160; against&#160; a synthetic peptide in the middle region of the ZO-1 human protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m&#945;EhCPADH112</td>
			<td>Homemade antibody</td>
			<td>Without/ Number</td>
			<td>IgM mouse monoclonal antibody&#160; against&#160; 444-601 epitope located at C-terminal of EhCPADH11221,27</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC-goat anti-mouse IgM</td>
			<td>Zymed</td>
			<td>62-6811</td>
			<td>Fluorescein isotiocyanate (FITC)-labelled goat anti-mouse secondary&#160; antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC- goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Zymed</td>
			<td>816114</td>
			<td>Tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labelled&#160; goat anti-rabbit IgG&#160; secondary antibody.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STX2 Electrode</td>
			<td>World Precision Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>102711</td>
			<td>Consists of a fixed pair of double electrodes, 4 mm wide and 1 mm thick. Each stick of the electrode pair contains a silver/silver-chloride pellet for measuring voltage and a silver electrode for passing current. For use with EVOM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EVOM epithelial voltohmmeter</td>
			<td>World Precision Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>12111</td>
			<td>Use in resistance mode and maintain unplugged during TER measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neubauer chamber</td>
			<td>MEARIENFELD</td>
			<td>610610</td>
			<td>Hemocytometer&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica TCS_SP5_MO</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Without/number</td>
			<td>Laser confocal microscopy with Leica microsystems CMS Gmbh/leica Las af Lite/BIN software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td>Mounting medium for fluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#180;, 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (Dapi)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>D-9542</td>
			<td>0.05 mM final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>US Biological</td>
			<td>A-1310</td>
			<td>0.5%&#160; final concentration for blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of the epithelial damage produced by entamoeba histolytica infection

Entamoeba histolytica er det agens af human amoebiasis, en væsentlig årsag til diarré og hepatisk absces i tropiske lande. Infektion initieres ved interaktion af patogenet med intestinale epitelceller. Denne interaktion fører til forstyrrelse af intercellulære strukturer såsom stramme vejkryds (TJ). TJ sikre forsegling af epithellaget at adskille værtsvæv fra tarmlumen. Nylige undersøgelser viser, at forstyrrelse af TJ af den parasitiske protein EhCPADH112 er en forudsætning for E. histolytica invasion, der er ledsaget af epitelbarriere dysfunktion. En analyse af molekylære mekanismer involveret i TJ demontering under E. histolytica invasion er af afgørende betydning for at forbedre vores forståelse af amoebiasis patogenese. Denne artikel præsenterer en nem model, der tillader en vurdering af de første host-patogen interaktioner og parasitten invasion potentiale. Parametre, der skal analyseres omfatter transepithelial elektrisk modstand, interaktion af EhCPADH112 med epiteloverflade receptorer, ændringer i udtryk og lokalisering af epitelial forbindelsemotiver markører og lokalisering af parasit-molekyler inden epitelceller.

For en vellykket E. histolytica kultur, skal to vigtige betingelser være opfyldt: vækst i axeniske betingelser og høst i logaritmisk fase. Tidligere, kulturer af E. histolytica blev let etableret i forbindelse med visse arter af bakterier eller trypanosomatids 22. Men i dag er det almindeligt at have aksenisk dyrkning af denne parasit betyder ubestemt subkultivering amøber i et miljø fri for metaboliserende bakterier, svampe, protozoer eller metazoan celler. Derudover høste trofozoitte...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection at JoVE.com

Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection

Human infektion med Entamoeba histolytica fører til amoebiasis, en væsentlig årsag til diarré i tropiske lande. Infektion initieres af patogen interaktioner med tarmepitelceller, provokerer åbningen af ​​celle-celle-kontakter, og dermed diarré, undertiden efterfulgt af lever-infektion. Denne artikel indeholder en model til at vurdere de tidlige vært-patogen interaktioner at forbedre vores forståelse af amoebiasis patogenese.

Analyse af epitelbeskadigelse Produceret af<em&gt; Entamoeba histolytica</em&gt; Infektion

Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human amoebiasis, a major cause of diarrhea and hepatic abscess in tropical countries. Infection is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

Protozoan parasites are among the most devastating infectious agents of humans responsible for a variety of diseases including amebiasis, which is one of ...

Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and infects up to 10% of the world's population. The molecular techniques that have enabled the ...

Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer&#x2019;s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Application of a Mouse Ligated PeyerÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Anvendelse af en mus Ligated Peyer er Patch Intestinal Loop Assay at evaluere Bakteriel Optagelse ved M celler

The inside of our gut is inhabited with enormous number of commensal bacteria. The mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed ...

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

The system comprising bacteriophage (phage) lambda and the bacterium E. coli has long served as a paradigm for cell-fate determination1,2. Following the ...

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Flowcytometrisk Isolering af primære murine type II alveolære epitelceller for Funktionelle og molekylære studier

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs

Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs

Analyse af opløsningsmidlet Tilgængelighed af cysteinrester på<em&gt; Majs rayado fino virus</em&gt; Virus-lignende partikler produceret i<em&gt; Nicotiana benthamiana</em&gt; Planter og tværbinding af peptider til VLP&#39;er

Mimicking  and exploiting virus properties and physicochemical and physical  characteristics holds promise to provide solutions to some of  the world's ...

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Kapsulær Serotypning af<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Af latexagglutinering

Latex agglutination reagents are widely used in microbial diagnosis, identification and serotyping. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major ...

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Hurtig analyse af kromosomafvigelser i Mouse B lymfocytter ved PNA-FISH

Defective DNA repair leads to increased genomic instability, which is the root cause of mutations that lead to tumorigenesis. Analysis of the frequency ...