Name: analysis of the epithelial damage produced by entamoeba histolytica infection
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from the Institute of Science and Technology of the Federal District (ICyTDF, 64/2012 to EO) and the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (Conacyt, 179895 to MS).

En. Etablering og vedlikehold av E. histolytica Kulturer <ol><li> Grow axenically (helt fri for alle andre forurensende organismer) 1 x 10 5 trophozoites av Entamoeba histolytica belastning HML: IMSS klone en 18 i 16 x 125 mm kultur rør med Teflon liner skrulokk (eller 1 x 10 6 trophozoites i en disponibel T- 25 kolbe) og 15 ml (eller 50 ml i T-25 kolbe) i Tyi-S-33 medium (Tyi buljong supplert med 3% Diamond vitamin-blanding, 10% varme-inaktivert voksen bovin serum, ...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cysteine+proteases+of+parasitic+organisms.">Cysteine proteases of parasitic organisms.</a> Mol Biochem Parasitol. 120, 1-21 (2002).</li><li>Betanzos, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+EhCPADH112+complex+of+Entamoeba+histolytica+interacts+with+tight+junction+proteins+occludin+and+claudin-1+to+produce+epithelial+damage.">The EhCPADH112 complex of Entamoeba histolytica interacts with tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 to produce epithelial damage.</a> PLoS One. 8, (2013).</li><li>Lauwaet, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteinase+inhibitors+TPCK+and+TLCK+prevent+Entamoeba+histolytica+induced+disturbance+of+tight+junctions+and+microvilli+in+enteric+cell+layers+in+vitro.">Proteinase inhibitors TPCK and TLCK prevent Entamoeba histolytica induced disturbance of tight junctions and microvilli in enteric cell layers in vitro.</a> Int J Parasitol. 34, 785-794 (2004).</li><li>Leroy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contact-dependent+transfer+of+the+galactose-specific+lectin+of+Entamoeba+histolytica+to+the+lateral+surface+of+enterocytes+in+culture.">Contact-dependent transfer of the galactose-specific lectin of Entamoeba histolytica to the lateral surface of enterocytes in culture.</a> Infect Immun. 63, 4253-4260 (1995).</li><li>Leroy, A., Lauwaet, T., De Bruyne, G., Cornelissen, M., Mareel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+disturbs+the+tight+junction+complex+in+human+enteric+T84+cell+layers.">Entamoeba histolytica disturbs the tight junction complex in human enteric T84 cell layers.</a> FASEB J. 14, 1139-1146 (2000).</li><li>Leroy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disturbance+of+tight+junctions+by+Entamoeba+histolytica:+resistant+vertebrate+cell+types+and+incompetent+trophozoites.">Disturbance of tight junctions by Entamoeba histolytica: resistant vertebrate cell types and incompetent trophozoites.</a> Arch Med Res. 31, (2000).</li><li>Lauwaet, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+trophozoites+transfer+lipophosphopeptidoglycans+to+enteric+cell+layers.">Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites transfer lipophosphopeptidoglycans to enteric cell layers.</a> Int J Parasitol. 34, 549-556 (2004).</li><li>Kissoon-Singh, V., Moreau, F., Trusevych, E., Chadee, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Entamoeba+histolytica+Exacerbates+Epithelial+Tight+Junction+Permeability+and+Proinflammatory+Responses+in+Muc2(-/-)+Mice.">Entamoeba histolytica Exacerbates Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability and Proinflammatory Responses in Muc2(-/-) Mice.</a> Am J Pathol. 182, 852-865 (2013).</li><li>Lejeune, M., Moreau, F., Chadee, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prostaglandin+E2+produced+by+Entamoeba+histolytica+signals+via+EP4+receptor+and+alters+claudin-4+to+increase+ion+permeability+of+tight+junctions.">Prostaglandin E2 produced by Entamoeba histolytica signals via EP4 receptor and alters claudin-4 to increase ion permeability of tight junctions.</a> Am J Pathol. 179, 807-818 (2011).</li><li>Orozco, M. 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For å studere i vitro vert-patogen interaksjoner under epithelial infeksjon etter E. histolytica, er det avgjørende å jobbe med godt etablerte kulturer av både epitelceller og trophozoites. For eksempel, tidligere, E. histolytica kulturer hadde vanligvis er etablert i forbindelse med visse arter av bakterier eller trypanosomatids 22,23. Men co-dyrking av E. histolytica kulturer er kontraproduktivt for studiet av host-patogen interaksjoner fordi observerte virkninger på...

Entamoeba histolytica er en enkelt celle protozo ansvarlig for menneskelig amoebiasis, en tarminfeksjon forårsaker betennelse og diaré. E. histolytica infiserer opptil 50 millioner mennesker årlig, men bare ca 10% av infiserte mennesker utvikler symptomer assosiert til amoebiasis en. Smitte skjer ved inntak av forurenset mat eller vann som inneholder E. histolytica cyster. I tarmen, cyster produsere levende trophozoites som holder seg til kolon mucin og sprer to. Trophozoites vanligvis danne cyster som skilles ut via avføring. I andre tilfeller og for ennå ukjente årsaker, trophozoites bryte tarmepitel lag og invadere underliggende vev. I verste fall går de inn i blodstrømmen og påvirke andre organer som lever tre. Breaking epiteliale barriere krever avbrudd av epitel transmembranal strukturer som opprettholder celler sluttet. Epitelcellekontakter er dannet av den apikale junctional kompleks bestående av stramt (TJ) og adherens veikryss (AJ), og desmosomes fire. De mest apikale veikryss er TJ, og derfor er de den første barrieren krenket av E. histolytica og noen andre patogener under verts invasjon. TJ består av transmembranal adhesjonsreseptorer som Claudins, occludin og junctional adhesjonsmolekyler (JAM) som driver homo-eller heterofile interaksjoner med reseptorer på nabocellen. De er intracellulært bundet av stillas molekyler av zonula okkludens (ZO) familie som kobler adhesjonsreseptorer til aktin cytoskjelettet for å gi ytterligere mekanisk styrke til Epitel. TJ er ansvarlig for tetting intestinal vev fra tarmen lumen, hindre overdreven vann og oppløst stoff lekkasje. Dermed, etter TJ blir forstyrret av parasitten, er vev invadert. E. histolytica utskiller flere molekyler som: (i) de som er involvert i adhesjon av amøber til TargET celler 5; (Ii) Membranaktive faktorer som deltar i dreping av vertsceller ved exocytose, f.eks ionekanal-dannende peptider betegnet amoebapores 6,7; og (iii) proteinases som forringer ekstracellulære matrix proteiner og megle vev oppløsning 5,8,9. Cystein protease EhCP112 og adhesjonsmolekylet EhADH112 som sammen danner EhCPADH112 komplekset er to E. histolytica virulens proteiner som spiller en viktig rolle i demontering av TJ 10. Aktive trophozoites, deres totale lysates og skilles produkter indusere molekylære endringer i TJ komplekse og funksjonell forstyrrelse av epiteliale barriere. I denne studien er det vist at EhCP112 og EhADH112 samhandle med occludin og claudin-en proteiner fører til internalisering og nedbrytning av celleproteiner, og dermed tilrettelegge for E. histolytica inngang gjennom paracellular veien. Våre data og de of andre grupper 11-17 sterkt at nødvendigheten av spesifikke vert-patogen interaksjoner som lar parasitt invasjon. Rakne den molekylære basis av disse interaksjonene er av største betydning for en bedre forståelse av amoebiasis patogenesen. Selektiv forstyrrelse av TJ etter trophozoites, preget av økt paracellular permeabilitet, kan måles ved en nedgang i transepithelial elektrisk motstand (TER). Denne overføring av parasittiske proteiner mot verts epitel kan bli bestemt ved immunfluorescens farging og laser konfokal mikroskopi, en metode som også viser ko-lokalisering av amoeba virulensfaktorer med epitel-junksjonale markører som indikerer mulige direkte interaksjoner. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi i detalj hvordan epitelceller og trophozoites er dyrket, høstet og manipulert til å undersøke vert-patogen interaksjoner og deres konsekvenser.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Entamoeba histolytica HM1:IMSS, Clone A&#160;</td>
			<td>IMSS Hospital, Mexico</td>
			<td>Without/number</td>
			<td>Virulent trophozoites18&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="8">TYI broth</td>
			<td rowspan="8">Becton, Dickinson and Company 
			Merck 
			Merck 
			Merck 
			J.T. Baker 
			Reproquifin 
			SIGMA-Aldrich 
			SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
			<td rowspan="8">211862 
			K35625437 626 
			21578 
			4873 
			3252-01 
			CAS 50-81-7 
			C7880 
			F-5879</td>
			<td rowspan="8">3.45% BBL Biosate peptone 
			58 mM glucose 
			39 mM NaCl 
			5 mM KH2PO4 
			6.5 mM K2HPO4 
			16.3 mM ascorbic acid 
			8.1 mM L-cysteine 
			&#160;0.1 mM ferric ammonium citrate, adjust pH 6.819</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum adult</td>
			<td>Microlab , Labs., Mex.</td>
			<td>SU146</td>
			<td>Use at 10% and inactivated to 56&#176; C for 30 min</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond&#160; vitamin&#160; mixture- Tween 80</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>SR-07</td>
			<td>Use at 3%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin&#160;</td>
			<td>Lakeside,&#160; M&#233;x.</td>
			<td>34564SSA IV</td>
			<td>0.5 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Lakeside,&#160; M&#233;x.</td>
			<td>75757SSA IV</td>
			<td>35 &#181;g/ mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyrex 15 mL screw cap culture tubes with PTFE lined phenolic caps</td>
			<td>Corning-Pyrex</td>
			<td>9826-16X</td>
			<td>16x125 mm, capacity 15 mL and caps fabricated from special formula resistant to effects of temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture plates, 6 Well</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3516</td>
			<td>Sterile plates, well diameter 34.8 mm and growth area 9.5 cm2.&#160; Rings on lid prevent cross-contamination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25cm2 cell culture flask</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>430168</td>
			<td>Canted neck flasks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney) type I</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>CCL34</td>
			<td>Kidney epithelial cells grown between the 60th and 90th passage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco&#160;</td>
			<td>12800-017</td>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium with high glucose.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neonate Calf Serum</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>S-02</td>
			<td>Use at 10%.&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin mixture&#160;</td>
			<td>In vitro&#160;</td>
			<td>A-01</td>
			<td>Stock solution 10,000 U/&#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>AMSA</td>
			<td>398MJ94SSA IV</td>
			<td>Stock solution 100 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin solution&#160;</td>
			<td>In vitro</td>
			<td>EN-005</td>
			<td>0.05% enzyme solution without calcium and magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75cm2 cell culture flask</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>430720</td>
			<td>Canted neck flasks for trophozoite culture in TYI-S-33 medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transwell permeable supports</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3470</td>
			<td>0.4. &#181;m polyster membrane, 6.5 mm insert in 24 well plate, growth area 0.3 cm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well cell culture dish&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning-Costar</td>
			<td>3524</td>
			<td>Clear polystyrene, treated for optimal cell attachment, sterilized by gamma radiation and certified non-pyrogenic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete Mini</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11836 153 001</td>
			<td>Protease inhibitor cocktail inhibits a broad spectrum of serine, cysteine and metallo-proteases. Final concentration 1 mM&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64)</td>
			<td>SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3132</td>
			<td>Cystein protease inhibitor, final concentration 40 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>p&#945;ZO-1&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>402200</td>
			<td>IgG rabbit policlonal&#160; antibody&#160; against&#160; a synthetic peptide in the middle region of the ZO-1 human protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>m&#945;EhCPADH112</td>
			<td>Homemade antibody</td>
			<td>Without/ Number</td>
			<td>IgM mouse monoclonal antibody&#160; against&#160; 444-601 epitope located at C-terminal of EhCPADH11221,27</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC-goat anti-mouse IgM</td>
			<td>Zymed</td>
			<td>62-6811</td>
			<td>Fluorescein isotiocyanate (FITC)-labelled goat anti-mouse secondary&#160; antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC- goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Zymed</td>
			<td>816114</td>
			<td>Tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labelled&#160; goat anti-rabbit IgG&#160; secondary antibody.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STX2 Electrode</td>
			<td>World Precision Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>102711</td>
			<td>Consists of a fixed pair of double electrodes, 4 mm wide and 1 mm thick. Each stick of the electrode pair contains a silver/silver-chloride pellet for measuring voltage and a silver electrode for passing current. For use with EVOM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EVOM epithelial voltohmmeter</td>
			<td>World Precision Instrument&#160;</td>
			<td>12111</td>
			<td>Use in resistance mode and maintain unplugged during TER measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neubauer chamber</td>
			<td>MEARIENFELD</td>
			<td>610610</td>
			<td>Hemocytometer&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica TCS_SP5_MO</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Without/number</td>
			<td>Laser confocal microscopy with Leica microsystems CMS Gmbh/leica Las af Lite/BIN software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td>Mounting medium for fluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#180;, 6-diamino-2-phenylindole (Dapi)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>D-9542</td>
			<td>0.05 mM final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>US Biological</td>
			<td>A-1310</td>
			<td>0.5%&#160; final concentration for blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of the epithelial damage produced by entamoeba histolytica infection

Entamoeba histolytica er den utløsende agent for menneskelig amoebiasis, en viktig årsak til diaré og lever abscess i tropiske land. Infeksjon er initiert av interaksjon av organismen med intestinale epitelceller. Dette samspillet fører til forstyrrelse av intercellulær strukturer som trange veikryss (TJ). TJ sikre tetning av epitellaget å skille vertsvevet fra tarmlumen. Nyere studier gir bevis for at forstyrrelse av TJ av den parasittiske protein EhCPADH112 er en forutsetning for E. histolytica invasjon som er ledsaget av epiteliale barriere dysfunksjon. Således analyse av molekylære mekanismer som er involvert i TJ demontering under E. histolytica invasjonen er av avgjørende betydning for å forbedre vår forståelse av amoebiasis patogenesen. Denne artikkelen presenterer en enkel modell som gjør at vurderingen av innledende vert-patogen interaksjoner og parasitten invasjonen potensial. Parametere som skal analyseres er transepithelial elektrisk motstand, samspill av EhCPADH112 med epiteliale overflate reseptorer, endringer i uttrykk og lokalisering av epitel junctional markører og lokalisering av parasitt molekyler i epitelceller.

For en vellykket E. histolytica kultur, må to viktige forutsetninger være oppfylt: vekst i axenic forhold og innhøsting i logaritmisk fase. Tidligere kulturer av E. histolytica lett ble etablert i forbindelse med visse arter av bakterier eller trypanosomatids 22. Men i dag er det vanlig å ha axenic dyrking av denne parasitten betyr ubestemt subcultivation av amøber i et miljø fritt for metabolizing bakterier, sopp, protozoer, eller metazoan celler. I tillegg høste trophozoites under s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection at JoVE.com

Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection

Menneske-smitte av Entamoeba histolytica fører til amoebiasis, en viktig årsak til diaré i tropiske land. Infeksjon er initiert av patogen interaksjoner med intestinale epitelceller, provoserte åpningen av celle-celle-kontakter og følgelig diaré, noen ganger fulgt av leverinfeksjon. Denne artikkelen gir en modell for å vurdere tidlig host-patogen interaksjoner å forbedre vår forståelse av amoebiasis patogenesen.

Analyse av epitelisk skade produsert av<em&gt; Entamoeba histolytica</em&gt; Infeksjon

Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human amoebiasis, a major cause of diarrhea and hepatic abscess in tropical countries. Infection is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Analysis of the Epithelial Damage Produced by Entamoeba histolytica Infection

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 (Ehmeth) Enzyme

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

Protozoan parasites are among the most devastating infectious agents of humans responsible for a variety of diseases including amebiasis, which is one of ...

Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

Development of a Negative Selectable Marker for Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and infects up to 10% of the world's population. The molecular techniques that have enabled the ...

Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer&#x2019;s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Application of a Mouse Ligated PeyerÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

Anvendelse av en Mouse Ligated Peyer er Patch Intestinal Loop Assay å evaluere Bakteriell Opptak av M celler

The inside of our gut is inhabited with enormous number of commensal bacteria. The mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed ...

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

The system comprising bacteriophage (phage) lambda and the bacterium E. coli has long served as a paradigm for cell-fate determination1,2. Following the ...

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Flowcytometrisk Isolering av Primary Murine Type II alveolære epitelceller for Funksjonell og molekylær studier

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs

Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs

Analyse av oppløsningsmidlet Tilgjengelighet av cysteinrester på<em&gt; Mais rayado fino virus</em&gt; Viruslignende partikler produsert i<em&gt; Nicotiana benthamiana</em&gt; Planter og Cross-linking av peptider til VLP

Mimicking  and exploiting virus properties and physicochemical and physical  characteristics holds promise to provide solutions to some of  the world's ...

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Capsular Serotypebestemmelse av<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Av Latex Agglutinasjon

Latex agglutination reagents are widely used in microbial diagnosis, identification and serotyping. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major ...

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Rapid Analyse av kromosomavvik i Mouse B-lymfocytter ved PNA-FISH

Defective DNA repair leads to increased genomic instability, which is the root cause of mutations that lead to tumorigenesis. Analysis of the frequency ...