Name: in situ detection of autoreactive cd4 t cells in brain and heart using major histocompatibility complex class ii dextramers
Uploaded: 2014-08-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers at JoVE.com

这项工作是由美国心脏协会和儿童心肌病基金会（SDG2462390204001）和美国国立卫生研究院（HL114669）的支持。 CM是荣获由心肌炎基金会，新泽西州的博士后研究奖学金补助金的获得者。

伦理声明： 所有动物的程序均按照实验动物的护理和使用的指导原则进行，并经内布拉斯加林肯，内布拉斯加州林肯大学。 1，EAE的诱发<ol><li>以诱导EAE，准备在11所述进行了以下修改的肽/完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）乳化： 步骤1.1：制备PLP 139-151以1毫克/毫升在1×磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）中的浓度步骤1.4：用200微升CFA乳液含有每只动物100微克?...

<ol>
	<li>Cecconi, V., Moro, M., Del Mare, ., Dellabona, S., P, G., Casorati, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+MHC+class+II+tetramers+to+investigate+CD4++T+cell+responses:+problems+and+solutions.">Use of MHC class II tetramers to investigate CD4+ T cell responses: problems and solutions.</a> Cytometry A. 73 (11), 1010-1018 (2008).</li><li>Ferlin, W., Glaichenhaus, N., Mougneau, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Present+difficulties+and+future+promise+of+MHC+multimers+in+autoimmune+exploration.">Present difficulties and future promise of MHC multimers in autoimmune exploration.</a> Curr Opin Immunol. 12, 670-675 (2000).</li><li>Kwok, W. W., Ptacek, N. A., Liu, A. W., Buckner, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+class+II+tetramers+for+identification+of+CD4++T+cells.">Use of class II tetramers for identification of CD4+ T cells.</a> J Immunol Methods. 268, 71-81 (2002).</li><li>Landais, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+design+of+MHC+class+II+tetramers+to+accommodate+fundamental+principles+of+antigen+presentation.">New design of MHC class II tetramers to accommodate fundamental principles of antigen presentation.</a> J Immunol. 183, 7949-7957 (2009).</li><li>Nepom, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MHC+class+II+tetramers.">MHC class II tetramers.</a> J Immunol. 188, 2477-2482 (2012).</li><li>Vollers, S. S., Stern, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Class+II+major+histocompatibility+complex+tetramer+staining:+progress,+problems,+and+prospects.">Class II major histocompatibility complex tetramer staining: progress, problems, and prospects.</a> Immunology. 123, 305-313 (2008).</li><li>Wooldridge, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tricks+with+tetramers:+how+to+get+the+most+from+multimeric+peptide-MHC.">Tricks with tetramers: how to get the most from multimeric peptide-MHC.</a> Immunology. 126, 147-164 (2009).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Upadhyaya, B., Gangaplara, A., Kuszynski, C., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+autoreactive+CD4+T+cells+using+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+II+dextramers.">Detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers.</a> BMC Immunol. 12, 1471-2172 (2011).</li><li>Batard, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dextramers:+new+generation+of+fluorescent+MHC+class+I/peptide+multimers+for+visualization+of+antigen-specific+CD8++T+cells.">Dextramers: new generation of fluorescent MHC class I/peptide multimers for visualization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.</a> J Immunol Methods. 310 (1-2), 136-148 (2006).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Gangaplara, A., Jia, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+staining+with+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+II+dextramers+permits+detection+of+antigen-specific,+autoreactive+CD4+T+cells+in+situ.">Direct staining with major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers permits detection of antigen-specific, autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ.</a> PLoS One. 9 (1), (2014).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Khalilzad-Sharghi, V., Gangaplara, A., Steffen, D., Othman, S. F., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+Assessment+of+Cardiac+Abnormalities+in+Experimental+Autoimmune+Myocarditis+by+Magnetic+Resonance+Microscopy+Imaging+in+the+Mouse.">Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse.</a> J Vis Exp. (88), e51654 (2014).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Steffen, D., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+epitope+from+Acanthamoeba+castellanii+that+cross-react+with+proteolipid+protein+139-151-reactive+T+cells+induces+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+SJL+mice.">An epitope from Acanthamoeba castellanii that cross-react with proteolipid protein 139-151-reactive T cells induces autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice.</a> J Neuroimmunol. 219 (1-2), 17-24 (2010).</li><li>Donermeyer, D. L., Beisel, K. W., Allen, P. M., Smith, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myocarditis-inducing+epitope+of+myosin+binds+constitutively+and+stably+to+I-Ak+on+antigen-presenting+cells+in+the+heart.">Myocarditis-inducing epitope of myosin binds constitutively and stably to I-Ak on antigen-presenting cells in the heart.</a> J Exp Med. 182 (5), 1291-1300 (1995).</li><li>Liao, L., Sindhwani, R., Leinwand, L., Diamond, B., Factor, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+alpha-myosin+heavy+chains+differ+in+their+induction+of+myocarditis.+Identification+of+pathogenic+epitopes.">Cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chains differ in their induction of myocarditis. Identification of pathogenic epitopes.</a> J Clin Invest. 92 (6), 2877-2882 (1993).</li><li>Cameron, T. O., Cochran, J. R., Yassine-Diab, B., Sekaly, R. P., Stern, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+detection+of+antigen-specific+CD4++T+cells+by+HLA-DR1+oligomers+is+dependent+on+the+T+cell+activation+state.">Cutting edge: detection of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells by HLA-DR1 oligomers is dependent on the T cell activation state.</a> J Immunol. 166 (2), 741-745 (2001).</li><li>Novak, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+human+epitope-specific+T+cells+identified+by+class+II+tetramers+reside+within+a+CD4high,+proliferating+subset.">Activated human epitope-specific T cells identified by class II tetramers reside within a CD4high, proliferating subset.</a> Int Immunol. 13 (6), 799-806 (2001).</li><li>Reddy, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+autoreactive+myelin+proteolipid+protein+139-151-specific+T+cells+by+using+MHC+II+(IAs)+tetramers.">Detection of autoreactive myelin proteolipid protein 139-151-specific T cells by using MHC II (IAs) tetramers.</a> J Immunol. 170 (2), 870-877 (2003).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Daniels, M. A., Schmidt, C. S., Jameson, S. C., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+In+situ+tetramer+staining+of+antigen-specific+T+cells+in+tissues.">Cutting edge: In situ tetramer staining of antigen-specific T cells in tissues.</a> J Immunol. 165 (2), 613-617 (2000).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+tetramer+staining.">In situ tetramer staining.</a> J Immunol Methods. 268 (1), 29-34 (2002).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+staining+using+MHC+class+I+tetramers.">In situ staining using MHC class I tetramers.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. Chapter 17, Unit 17.14.11 (2004).</li></ol>

与MHC I类四聚体，采用MHCⅡ类四聚体的常规应用仍然是具有挑战性的，尤其是枚举低亲和力的自身反应性CD4 + T细胞，部分原因是由于其激活依赖6,15-17的前体频率。最近，这个问题是由创建下一代四聚体，称为规避“dextramers，”允许我们检测抗原特异性CD4 + T细胞为一些自身抗原，如PLP 139-151，MOG 35-55和MYHC 334 - 352 8。在此报告中，用于第一时间的推移，MHC II类dextramers的实用程序来?...

使用的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）Ⅱ类四聚体检测抗原特异性CD4 + T细胞一直是个挑战1-7。为了增强MHC II类四聚体的检测灵敏度，研究小组已经创造下一代四聚体，命名为“dextramers”8。 Dextramers含有葡聚糖主链，其中多个链亲和素-荧光基团缀合，使得一些肽-拴系的，生物素化的MHC单体可以连接到一个葡聚糖分子9。因此，包含数个MHC-肽复合物的MHC dextramers的大的聚集体可以与多个T细胞受体（TCR）进行交互。 这组最近产生dextramers各种自身抗原，并证明dextramers的检测灵敏度约为5倍以上的四聚体8。实验系统包括实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）诱导蛋白脂质蛋白（PLP）在SJL小鼠139-151; EAE诱导的髓磷脂少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）在C57BL / 6小鼠35〜55;和实验性自身免疫性心肌炎（EAM）与诱导心肌肌球蛋白重链α（MYHC）中的A / J小鼠334-352段。这项研究表明，使用PLP 139-151的-和MYHC 334-352 dextramers来检测抗原特异性CD4 + T细胞在原位特异性通过开发一个直接染色方案，从而省去了使用荧光抗体放大信号，一接近常用配合使用四聚体。此外，评估组织的综合方法也被设计成可靠地列举抗原特异性CD4 + T细胞在原位 10的频率。检测抗原特异性T细胞在原位的允许由从所造成的旁观者激活特定抗原刺激事件的描述。同样地， 在原位技术也providES机会来跟踪在靶器官的抗原特异性T细胞浸润的动力学。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:619px;">CFA</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">5881</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MTB&#160; H37Rv extract&#160;</td>
			<td>Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI</td>
			<td>231141</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PT</td>
			<td>List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA</td>
			<td>181</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">1x PBS&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning, Manassas, VA</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female A/J mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME</td>
			<td>646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female SJL/J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME</td>
			<td>686</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leur-lok sterile 1 ml syrringe</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leur-lok sterile 3 ml syrringe</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>309657</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile needle, 18 G</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>305195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile needle, 27 1/2 G</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>305109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-way stopcock&#160;</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical ASD, Inc. Dublin, OH</td>
			<td>MX5311L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kerlix gauze bandage rolls&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien, Mansfield, MA</td>
			<td>6720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kimwipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark Professional, Roswell, GA</td>
			<td>34155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Agarose, Low Melting Point, Analytical Grade</td>
			<td>Promega corporation, Madison, WI</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">V2111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Immunopure normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">31873</td>
			<td>Store at -20 &#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Anti-mouse CD4 conjugated with PE dye</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">eBioscience, San Diego, CA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">12004185</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">19202</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Faramount Aqueous Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>Dako, Carpinteria, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">10073021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Conical tube (15ml)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">352099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Conical tube (50 ml)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24-well flat bottomed tissue culture plates</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td>356775</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Water color #2 brushes</td>
			<td>Charles Leonard, Inc. Hauppauge, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">73502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plain Microscope slides, size: 3&#34; x 1&#34; x 1.2 mm</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">1255010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Premium Cover glass, 22 x 22-1</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">12548B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable deep base mold histology cassettes</td>
			<td>Laboratory prodcust, Rochester, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">M-475-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Loctite Super glue</td>
			<td>Henkel Corporation, Westlake, OH</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">1471879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td>Gillette SuperSilver</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Myhc-a 334-352 (DSAFDVLSFTAEEKAGVYK)</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PLP 139-151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF)</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MHC class II/IAs PLP 139-151 or TMEV 70-86 dextramers conjugated with APC dye</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">MHC class II/IAk Myhc 334-352 or&#160; or RNase 40-56 dextramers conjugated with APC dye</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Dextran conjugated SA-APC</td>
			<td>&#160;Immundex, Copenhagen, Demark</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile surgical scissors and forceps</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">INOX tool Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro oven</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">GE Healthcare, Pittsuburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leica VT 1200 Vibratome</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Inc. Buffalo Grove, IL</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Olympus BX 60&#160; Laser scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus America, Inc. Center Valley, PA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nikon A1-Eclipse 90i confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon Inc. Melville, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in situ detection of autoreactive cd4 t cells in brain and heart using major histocompatibility complex class ii dextramers

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice and cardiac myosin heavy chain-&#945; (Myhc) 334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice. Two sets of cocktails of dextramer reagents were used, where dextramers+ cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): EAE, IAs/PLP 139-151 dextramers (specific)/anti-CD4 and IAs/Theiler&#8217;s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70-86 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4; and EAM, IAk/Myhc 334-352 dextramers/anti-CD4 and IAk/bovine ribonuclease (RNase) 43-56 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4. LSCM analysis of brain sections obtained from EAE mice showed the presence of cells positive for CD4 and PLP 139-151 dextramers, but not TMEV 70-86 dextramers suggesting that the staining obtained with PLP 139-151 dextramers was specific. Likewise, heart sections prepared from EAM mice also revealed the presence of Myhc 334-352, but not RNase 43-56-dextramer+ cells as expected. Further, a comprehensive method has also been devised to quantitatively analyze the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the &#8216;Z&#8217; serial images.

在这份报告中， 原位检测抗原特异性，自身反应性CD4 + T细胞通过直接染色与MHC II类dextramers的描述。刚割下的脑切片均来自EAE小鼠并用含PLP 139-151（具体的）或TMEV 70-86（控制）dextramers和抗-CD4的鸡尾酒。顶部面板在图1所示的costained用PLP 139-151 dextramers（红色）和CD4抗体（绿色），其中双阳性细胞呈黄色脑切片的LSCM分析。这样的功能是没有的沾满TMEV 70-86（控制）dextramers（底板）?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers at JoVE.com

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

通过直接染色与主要组织相容性复合物Ⅱ类dextramers检测自身反应性CD4 + T细胞在大脑和心脏的协议已经本报告中进行了描述。为综合分析，一种可靠的方法来枚举抗原特异性CD4 + T细胞在原位的频率也被设计出来。

原位检测自身反应性CD4 + T细胞在大脑和心脏使用主要组织相容性复合II类Dextramers的

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

T细胞受体在小鼠T细胞的逆转录病毒转导

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

科研

免疫与感染

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac转座子初级人类T细胞系统改造

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

加速1型糖尿病感应在小鼠体内的过继转移致糖尿病的CD4 + T细胞

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes after 12 weeks of age and is the most extensively studied animal model of ...

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

腺病毒转导朴素的CD4 T细胞调节性T细胞分化研究

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to provide immune tolerance to self as well as to certain foreign antigens. Tregs can be generated from naive CD4 ...

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

诱导小鼠肠道炎症由效应CD4的过继转移<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD45RB<sup&gt;高</sup&gt; T细胞免疫缺陷小鼠

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

鼠标朴素CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T细胞分离和<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;分化为T细胞亚群

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

成像的CD4 T细胞间质迁移发炎真皮

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-containing Protocol

在从幼稚的CD4 + T细胞的人CD4 + FOXP3 +诱导调节性T细胞（iTregs的）使用含有TGF-β-协议的体外分化

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing ...

Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM

使用madSTORM进行高分辨率，超分辨率的T细胞成像

Imaging heterogeneous cellular structures using single molecule localization microscopy has been hindered by inadequate localization precision and ...

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester

增殖人类抗原特异性CD4+ T细胞使用卡博曲莱辛苏奇尼米酯的定量

Described is a simple, in vitro, dye dilution-based method for measuring antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear ...