Name: in situ detection of autoreactive cd4 t cells in brain and heart using major histocompatibility complex class ii dextramers
Uploaded: 2014-08-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers at JoVE.com

Este trabajo fue apoyado por la Miocardiopatía la Fundación del Niño (SDG2462390204001) American Heart Association y, y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud (HL114669). CM es un beneficiario de una beca de investigación postdoctoral concedida por la Fundación La miocarditis, NJ.

Declaración de Ética: Todos los procedimientos con animales se realizaron de conformidad con las directrices para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio y aprobados por la Universidad de Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. 1. Inducción de la EAE <ol><li> Para inducir la EAE, preparar la emulsión péptido / adyuvante completo de Freund (CFA) como se describe en 11 con las siguientes modificaciones: Paso 1.1:. Preparar PLP139b151 a una conce...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+class+II+tetramers+for+identification+of+CD4++T+cells.">Use of class II tetramers for identification of CD4+ T cells.</a> J Immunol Methods. 268, 71-81 (2002).</li><li>Landais, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+design+of+MHC+class+II+tetramers+to+accommodate+fundamental+principles+of+antigen+presentation.">New design of MHC class II tetramers to accommodate fundamental principles of antigen presentation.</a> J Immunol. 183, 7949-7957 (2009).</li><li>Nepom, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MHC+class+II+tetramers.">MHC class II tetramers.</a> J Immunol. 188, 2477-2482 (2012).</li><li>Vollers, S. S., Stern, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Class+II+major+histocompatibility+complex+tetramer+staining:+progress,+problems,+and+prospects.">Class II major histocompatibility complex tetramer staining: progress, problems, and prospects.</a> Immunology. 123, 305-313 (2008).</li><li>Wooldridge, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tricks+with+tetramers:+how+to+get+the+most+from+multimeric+peptide-MHC.">Tricks with tetramers: how to get the most from multimeric peptide-MHC.</a> Immunology. 126, 147-164 (2009).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Upadhyaya, B., Gangaplara, A., Kuszynski, C., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+autoreactive+CD4+T+cells+using+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+II+dextramers.">Detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers.</a> BMC Immunol. 12, 1471-2172 (2011).</li><li>Batard, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dextramers:+new+generation+of+fluorescent+MHC+class+I/peptide+multimers+for+visualization+of+antigen-specific+CD8++T+cells.">Dextramers: new generation of fluorescent MHC class I/peptide multimers for visualization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.</a> J Immunol Methods. 310 (1-2), 136-148 (2006).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Gangaplara, A., Jia, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+staining+with+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+II+dextramers+permits+detection+of+antigen-specific,+autoreactive+CD4+T+cells+in+situ.">Direct staining with major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers permits detection of antigen-specific, autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ.</a> PLoS One. 9 (1), (2014).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Khalilzad-Sharghi, V., Gangaplara, A., Steffen, D., Othman, S. F., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+Assessment+of+Cardiac+Abnormalities+in+Experimental+Autoimmune+Myocarditis+by+Magnetic+Resonance+Microscopy+Imaging+in+the+Mouse.">Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse.</a> J Vis Exp. (88), e51654 (2014).</li><li>Massilamany, C., Steffen, D., Reddy, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+epitope+from+Acanthamoeba+castellanii+that+cross-react+with+proteolipid+protein+139-151-reactive+T+cells+induces+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+in+SJL+mice.">An epitope from Acanthamoeba castellanii that cross-react with proteolipid protein 139-151-reactive T cells induces autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice.</a> J Neuroimmunol. 219 (1-2), 17-24 (2010).</li><li>Donermeyer, D. L., Beisel, K. W., Allen, P. M., Smith, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myocarditis-inducing+epitope+of+myosin+binds+constitutively+and+stably+to+I-Ak+on+antigen-presenting+cells+in+the+heart.">Myocarditis-inducing epitope of myosin binds constitutively and stably to I-Ak on antigen-presenting cells in the heart.</a> J Exp Med. 182 (5), 1291-1300 (1995).</li><li>Liao, L., Sindhwani, R., Leinwand, L., Diamond, B., Factor, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+alpha-myosin+heavy+chains+differ+in+their+induction+of+myocarditis.+Identification+of+pathogenic+epitopes.">Cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chains differ in their induction of myocarditis. Identification of pathogenic epitopes.</a> J Clin Invest. 92 (6), 2877-2882 (1993).</li><li>Cameron, T. O., Cochran, J. R., Yassine-Diab, B., Sekaly, R. P., Stern, L. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+human+epitope-specific+T+cells+identified+by+class+II+tetramers+reside+within+a+CD4high,+proliferating+subset.">Activated human epitope-specific T cells identified by class II tetramers reside within a CD4high, proliferating subset.</a> Int Immunol. 13 (6), 799-806 (2001).</li><li>Reddy, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+autoreactive+myelin+proteolipid+protein+139-151-specific+T+cells+by+using+MHC+II+(IAs)+tetramers.">Detection of autoreactive myelin proteolipid protein 139-151-specific T cells by using MHC II (IAs) tetramers.</a> J Immunol. 170 (2), 870-877 (2003).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Daniels, M. A., Schmidt, C. S., Jameson, S. C., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+In+situ+tetramer+staining+of+antigen-specific+T+cells+in+tissues.">Cutting edge: In situ tetramer staining of antigen-specific T cells in tissues.</a> J Immunol. 165 (2), 613-617 (2000).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+tetramer+staining.">In situ tetramer staining.</a> J Immunol Methods. 268 (1), 29-34 (2002).</li><li>Skinner, P. J., Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+staining+using+MHC+class+I+tetramers.">In situ staining using MHC class I tetramers.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. Chapter 17, Unit 17.14.11 (2004).</li></ol>

A diferencia de tetrámeros de MHC de clase I, el uso de MHC de clase II tetrámeros para aplicaciones de rutina sigue siendo un reto, especialmente para enumerar las frecuencias precursoras de baja afinidad autorreactivos células T CD4, debido en parte a su dependencia de activación 6,15-17. Recientemente, este problema se evitó mediante la creación de la próxima generación de tetrámeros, llamado &quot;dextramers,&quot; que nos permite detectar células T CD4 específicas de antígeno para un número ...

El uso de complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (MHC) de clase II tetrámeros para la detección de las células CD4 T específicas de antígeno ha sido un reto 1-7. Para aumentar la sensibilidad de detección de MHC de clase II tetrámeros, el equipo de investigación ha creado tetrámeros de próxima generación, denominados &quot;dextramers&quot; 8. Dextramers contienen cadenas principales de dextrano en el que se conjugan múltiples restos de estreptavidina-fluoróforo, de manera que varios monómeros, MHC-péptido biotinilados atado se pueden unir a una molécula de dextrano 9. Por lo tanto, grandes agregados de dextramers MHC que contienen varios complejos de MHC-péptido pueden interactuar con múltiples receptores de células T (TCR). Este grupo recientemente generada dextramers para diversos antígenos propios y demostró que la sensibilidad de detección de dextramers fue aproximadamente cinco veces más que los tetrámeros 8. Los sistemas experimentales incluyen encefalomielitis autoinmune experimental (EAE) inducida con proteína proteolípido (PLP) 139-151 en ratones SJL; EAE inducida con glicoproteína de mielina de oligodendrocitos (MOG) 35-55 en ratones C57BL / 6; y miocarditis autoinmune experimental (EAM) inducida con miosina cardíaca cadena pesada-α (MyHC) 334-352 en ratones A / J. Este estudio demuestra el uso de PLP139b151 - y MyHC 334-352 dextramers para detectar células T CD4 específicas de antígeno in situ con especificidad por el desarrollo de un protocolo de tinción directa, eliminando así la necesidad de amplificar las señales del uso de anticuerpos de fluoróforo, una enfoque empleado comúnmente con el uso de tetrámeros. Además, un método integral de evaluación de los tejidos también se ha ideado para enumerar de forma fiable las frecuencias de células T CD4 específicas de antígeno in situ 10. La detección de células T específicas de antígeno in situ permite la delineación de eventos causados ​​por estímulos antigénicos específicos de las causadas por la activación espectador. Del mismo modo, la técnica de in situ en también providES oportunidades para realizar un seguimiento de la cinética de infiltraciones de células T específicas de antígeno en los órganos diana.

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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:619px;">CFA</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">5881</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MTB&#160; H37Rv extract&#160;</td>
			<td>Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI</td>
			<td>231141</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PT</td>
			<td>List Biologicals Laboratories, Campbell, CA</td>
			<td>181</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">1x PBS&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning, Manassas, VA</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female A/J mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME</td>
			<td>646</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female SJL/J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME</td>
			<td>686</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leur-lok sterile 1 ml syrringe</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leur-lok sterile 3 ml syrringe</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>309657</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile needle, 18 G</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>305195</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile needle, 27 1/2 G</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>305109</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-way stopcock&#160;</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical ASD, Inc. Dublin, OH</td>
			<td>MX5311L</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kerlix gauze bandage rolls&#160;</td>
			<td>Covidien, Mansfield, MA</td>
			<td>6720</td>
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			<td>Kimberly-Clark Professional, Roswell, GA</td>
			<td>34155</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Agarose, Low Melting Point, Analytical Grade</td>
			<td>Promega corporation, Madison, WI</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">V2111</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Immunopure normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">31873</td>
			<td>Store at -20 &#959;C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Anti-mouse CD4 conjugated with PE dye</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">eBioscience, San Diego, CA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">12004185</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">19202</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Faramount Aqueous Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>Dako, Carpinteria, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">10073021</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Conical tube (15ml)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">352099</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Conical tube (50 ml)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">352070</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24-well flat bottomed tissue culture plates</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA</td>
			<td>356775</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Water color #2 brushes</td>
			<td>Charles Leonard, Inc. Hauppauge, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">73502</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plain Microscope slides, size: 3&#34; x 1&#34; x 1.2 mm</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">1255010</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Premium Cover glass, 22 x 22-1</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">12548B</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable deep base mold histology cassettes</td>
			<td>Laboratory prodcust, Rochester, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">M-475-10</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Loctite Super glue</td>
			<td>Henkel Corporation, Westlake, OH</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">1471879</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td>Gillette SuperSilver</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Myhc-a 334-352 (DSAFDVLSFTAEEKAGVYK)</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PLP 139-151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF)</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">Neopeptide, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MHC class II/IAs PLP 139-151 or TMEV 70-86 dextramers conjugated with APC dye</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">MHC class II/IAk Myhc 334-352 or&#160; or RNase 40-56 dextramers conjugated with APC dye</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Dextran conjugated SA-APC</td>
			<td>&#160;Immundex, Copenhagen, Demark</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td>Store at 4&#959;C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile surgical scissors and forceps</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">INOX tool Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro oven</td>
			<td style="width:364px;">GE Healthcare, Pittsuburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leica VT 1200 Vibratome</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Inc. Buffalo Grove, IL</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Olympus BX 60&#160; Laser scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus America, Inc. Center Valley, PA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nikon A1-Eclipse 90i confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon Inc. Melville, NY</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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in situ detection of autoreactive cd4 t cells in brain and heart using major histocompatibility complex class ii dextramers

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice and cardiac myosin heavy chain-&#945; (Myhc) 334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice. Two sets of cocktails of dextramer reagents were used, where dextramers+ cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): EAE, IAs/PLP 139-151 dextramers (specific)/anti-CD4 and IAs/Theiler&#8217;s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70-86 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4; and EAM, IAk/Myhc 334-352 dextramers/anti-CD4 and IAk/bovine ribonuclease (RNase) 43-56 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4. LSCM analysis of brain sections obtained from EAE mice showed the presence of cells positive for CD4 and PLP 139-151 dextramers, but not TMEV 70-86 dextramers suggesting that the staining obtained with PLP 139-151 dextramers was specific. Likewise, heart sections prepared from EAM mice also revealed the presence of Myhc 334-352, but not RNase 43-56-dextramer+ cells as expected. Further, a comprehensive method has also been devised to quantitatively analyze the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the &#8216;Z&#8217; serial images.

En este informe, la detección in situ de antígeno-específica, autoreactive células T CD4 por tinción directa con MHC de clase II dextramers se describe. Secciones cerebrales Corte recientemente se obtuvieron a partir de ratones con EAE y se tiñeron con cócteles que contienen PLP139b151 (control) dextramers y anti-CD4 (específica) o TMEV 70-86. Los paneles superiores de la Figura 1 muestra el análisis de secciones cerebrales LSCM costained con PLP 139-151 dextramers (rojo) y de...

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In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

El protocolo para detectar células autorreactivas T CD4 en el cerebro y el corazón mediante tinción directa con complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad de clase II dextramers se ha descrito en el presente informe. Para el análisis integral, un método fiable para enumerar las frecuencias de células T CD4 + específicas de antígeno in situ también se ideó.

La detección in situ de las células T CD4 Autoreactive en Cerebro y Corazón Uso Mayor de Histocompatibilidad clase II Dextramers

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

In Situ Detection of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells in Brain and Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Dextramers

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

Transducción retroviral de receptores de células T en ratones las células T

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposón modificación del sistema de células T humanas primarias

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Tipo 1 Diabetes inducción acelerada en ratones por transferencia adoptiva de células CD4 + células T diabetogénico

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes after 12 weeks of age and is the most extensively studied animal model of ...

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

La transducción adenoviral de células T CD4 + naïve a estudiar la diferenciación Treg

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to provide immune tolerance to self as well as to certain foreign antigens. Tregs can be generated from naive CD4 ...

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

La inducción de la inflamación intestinal murino por transferencia adoptiva de Efector CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD45RB<sup&gt; Alta</sup&gt; T células en ratones inmunodeficientes

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Ratón Naïve CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Aislamiento de células T y<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Diferenciación en subconjuntos de células T

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

La migración de células T CD4 obtener imágenes intersticial en la dermis inflamadas

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-containing Protocol

Diferenciación in vitro de las células CD4 + humano FOXP3 + células T reguladoras (Induced iTregs) de T naive CD4 + células utilizando un protocolo de TGF-β que contienen

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing ...

Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM

Multiplexado de alta resolución de imágenes de células T utilizando madSTORM

Imaging heterogeneous cellular structures using single molecule localization microscopy has been hindered by inadequate localization precision and ...

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester

Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester

Cuantificación de células CD4+ T específicas de antígenos humanos que utilizan éster de succinidilo de carboxifluoresceína

Described is a simple, in vitro, dye dilution-based method for measuring antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear ...