Name: preparation of light-responsive membranes by a combined surface grafting and postmodification process
Uploaded: 2014-03-21T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 62 - Smart Materials). Også anerkendt, er støtte fra B. Hanselmann, K. Kehl, U. Schütz og B. Leuthold.

1.. Plasma-initieret polymerisation <ol><li> Forberedelse af monomeropløsning. <ol><li> Opløs HEMA (100 ml, 0,718 mol) i 200 ml vand og vaskes 3 gange med hexan (100 ml) i en skilletragt. Den vandige fase mættes med natriumchlorid og ekstraheres HEMA med diethylether (50 ml). Den organiske fase tørres over MgSO4, og opløsningsmidlet fjernes i vakuum (100 mbar, 40 ° C). Destillere HEMA under reduceret tryk (15 mbar 99 ° C). </li><li> Forbered en 0,62 M Methanoloploesningen af ​​inhibitorf...

<ol>
	<li>d'Agostino, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Basic Approaches to Plasma Production and Control. , (2008).</li><li>Liston, E. M., Martinu, L., Wertheimer, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+surface+modification+of+polymers+for+improved+adhesion:+a+critical+review.">Plasma surface modification of polymers for improved adhesion: a critical review.</a> J. Adh. Sci. Technol. 7 (10), 1091-1127 (1993).</li><li>Siow, K. S., Britcher, L., Kumar, S., Griesser, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+Methods+for+the+Generation+of+Chemically+Reactive+Surfaces+for+Biomolecule+Immobilization+and+Cell+Colonization+-+A+Review.+Process.">Plasma Methods for the Generation of Chemically Reactive Surfaces for Biomolecule Immobilization and Cell Colonization - A Review. Process.</a> Polymers. 3 (6-7), 392-418 (2006).</li><li>Hossain, M. M., Hegemann, D., Herrmann, A. S., Chabrecek, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contact+angle+determination+on+plasma-treated+poly(ethylene+terephthalate)+fabrics+and+foils.">Contact angle determination on plasma-treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics and foils.</a> Appl. Polymer Sci. 102 (2), 1452-1458 (2006).</li><li>Guimond, S., Hanselmann, B., Amberg, M., Hegemann, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+functionalization+of+textiles:+Specifics+and+possibilities.">Plasma functionalization of textiles: Specifics and possibilities.</a> Pure Appl. Chem. 82 (6), 1239-1245 (2010).</li><li>Lymberopoulos, D. P., Economou, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+and+simulation+of+glow+discharge+plasma+reactors.">Modeling and simulation of glow discharge plasma reactors.</a> Journal of Vacuum Sci. Technol. A Vacuum Surf. Films. 12 (4), 1229-1236 (1994).</li><li>Hegemann, D., Brunner, H., Oehr, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+treatment+of+polymers+for+surface+and+adhesion+improvement.">Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement.</a> Nuclear Instr. Methods Phys. Res. B Interact. Atoms. 208, 281-286 (2003).</li><li>&#216;iseth, S. K., Krozer, A., Kasemo, B., Lausmaa, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+of+spin-coated+high-density+polyethylene+films+by+argon+and+oxygen+glow+discharge+plasma+treatments.">Surface modification of spin-coated high-density polyethylene films by argon and oxygen glow discharge plasma treatments.</a> Appl. Surf. Sci. 202 (1-2), 92-103 (2002).</li><li>Choi, W. -. K., Koh, S. -. K., Jung, H. -. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+chemical+reaction+between+polycarbonate+and+kilo-electron-volt+energy+Ar[sup+++]+ion+in+oxygen+environment.">Surface chemical reaction between polycarbonate and kilo-electron-volt energy Ar[sup + ] ion in oxygen environment.</a> J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. A Vacuum Surf. Films. 14 (4), 2366-2371 (1996).</li><li>Kitova, S., Minchev, M., Danev, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RF+plasma+treatment+of+polycarbonate+substrates.">RF plasma treatment of polycarbonate substrates.</a> Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 7 (5), 2607-2612 (2005).</li><li>Friedrich, J. F., Mix, R., Schulze, R. D., Meyer-Plath, A., Joshi, R., Wettmarshausen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+plasma+techniques+for+polymer+surface+modification+with+monotype+functional+groups.">New plasma techniques for polymer surface modification with monotype functional groups.</a> Plasma Process. Polymers. 5 (5), 407-423 (2008).</li><li>Baumann, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tuning+the+resistance+of+polycarbonate+membranes+by+plasma-induced+graft+surface+modification.">Tuning the resistance of polycarbonate membranes by plasma-induced graft surface modification.</a> Appl. Surf. Sci. 268, 450-457 (2013).</li><li>Hegemann, D., Hossain, M. M., Balazs, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanostructured+plasma+coatings+to+obtain+multifunctional+textile+surfaces.">Nanostructured plasma coatings to obtain multifunctional textile surfaces.</a> Prog. Org. Coatings. 58 (2-3), 237-240 (2007).</li><li>Gengenbach, T., Vasic, Z., Li, S., Chatelier, R., Griesser, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contributions+of+restructuring+and+oxidation+to+the+aging+of+the+surface+of+plasma+polymers+containing+heteroatoms.">Contributions of restructuring and oxidation to the aging of the surface of plasma polymers containing heteroatoms.</a> Plasmas Polymers. 2 (2), 91-114 (1997).</li><li>Gengenbach, T. R., Chatelier, R. C., Griesser, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+Ageing+of+Plasma-deposited+Polymer+Films:+Global+Analysis+of+X-ray+Photoelectron+Spectroscopy+Data.">Characterization of the Ageing of Plasma-deposited Polymer Films: Global Analysis of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Data.</a> Interface Anal. 24 (4), 271-281 (1996).</li><li>Hirotsu, T., Nakajima, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Water+ethanol+permseparation+by+pervaporation+throught+the+plasma+graft+copolymeric+membranes+of+acrylic+acid+and+acrylamide.">Water ethanol permseparation by pervaporation throught the plasma graft copolymeric membranes of acrylic acid and acrylamide.</a> Appl. Polymer Sci. 36 (1), 177-189 (1988).</li><li>Baumann, L., de Courten, D., Wolf, M., Rossi, R. M., Scherer, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-Responsive+Caffeine+Transfer+through+Porous+Polycarbonate.">Light-Responsive Caffeine Transfer through Porous Polycarbonate.</a> Appl. Mater. Interf. 5 (13), 5894-5897 (2013).</li><li>Minkin, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photo-,+thermo-,+solvato-,+and+electrochromic+spiroheterocyclic+compounds.">Photo-, thermo-, solvato-, and electrochromic spiroheterocyclic compounds.</a> Chem. Rev. 104 (5), 2751-2776 (2004).</li><li>Berkovic, G., Krongauz, V., Weiss, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spiropyrans+and+spirooxazines+for+memories+and+switches.">Spiropyrans and spirooxazines for memories and switches.</a> Chem. Rev. 100 (5), 1741-1753 (2000).</li><li>Vlassiouk, I., Park, C. -. D., Vail, S. A., Gust, D., Smirnov, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+Nanopore+Wetting+by+a+Photochromic+Spiropyran:+A+Light-Controlled+Valve+and+Electrical+Switch.">Control of Nanopore Wetting by a Photochromic Spiropyran: A Light-Controlled Valve and Electrical Switch.</a> Lett. 6 (5), 1013-1017 (2006).</li><li>Baumann, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+light-responsive+porous+polycarbonate+membranes+for+controlled+caffeine+delivery.">Development of light-responsive porous polycarbonate membranes for controlled caffeine delivery.</a> RSC Adv. 3 (45), 23317-23326 (2013).</li><li>Nicoletta, F. P., Cupelli, D., Formoso, P., De Filpo, G., Colella, V., Gugliuzza, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light+Responsive+Polymer+Membranes:+A+Review.">Light Responsive Polymer Membranes: A Review.</a> Membranes. 2 (1), 134-197 (2012).</li></ol>

Plasma proces producerer en lilla gas, som er forårsaget af ioniseret argon. En orange farve ville indikere tilstedeværelsen af ​​uønsket kvælstof fra en lækage. Plasma proces ikke kun danne radikaler på overfladen, men også ætser membranen 7,12. For meget ætsning kan ændre porediameter betydeligt, hvilket vil påvirke membranens permeabilitet. De kontrollerede reaktionsbetingelserne for præsenterede opsætning tillader forbedre reproducerbarheden af ​​plasma-initieret podning proces. Ikke ...

Plasma modifikation af materialer er blevet en vigtig proces i mange industrielle områder. Rengøring af overflader og funktionalisering af overflader uden at ændre størstedelen egenskab ved materialet har gjort plasmabehandling en vigtig proces i overfladen videnskab 1-8. Plasma behandling af polymerer resulterer i homolytisk bindingsspaltning. Dette fører til en kant af det polymere materiale og dannelse af radikale rige overflader. Ved hjælp af plasma indeholdende ilt molekyler, bliver overfladen iltrigt og dermed mere hydrofil 9-11. Men hydrofiliciteten af overfladerne er ikke stabil over tid 12. For at styrke den langsigtede stabilitet, kan plasma behandlede overflade være kemisk modificeret efter eller under plasmaproces 13-15. Denne behandling udføres normalt ved tilsætning af reaktive monomere arter i gasfasen under plasma-processen; disse monomerer derefter polymerisererfra de oprettede radikaler med polymeroverfladen. Hvis den kemiske behandling udføres med en ikke-flygtig monomer, polymer podning skal finde sted efter plasma modifikation. For at udføre en kontrolleret podning efter de radikale er dannet på overfladen, er en plasma-setup beskrives, hvilket gør det muligt for plasma-initierede overflade-induceret polymerisation fra overfladen i opløsning under kontrollerede forhold 12,16. Præsentationen fokuserer på ændring af spor kanter polymermembraner 12,17. Ved at modificere overfladespændingen af disse membraner kan permeabilitet varieres 12. Denne rene og hurtig proces muliggør skabelse af meget tynde lag (&lt;5 nm), der dækker hele membranoverfladen uden at ændre størstedelen ejendom polymermembran. På grund af den kant under plasma-processen, de porediametrene af sporet kanter membraner forøge anelse 12. Den kantning sats er depending på polymeren og har en lineær opførsel. Ved anvendelse af monomerer med reaktive funktionelle grupper, kan de podede polymerer funktionaliseres yderligere. Dette er påvist ved postmodification af en PHEMA-podet membran med en carboxylsyre funktionaliseret spiropyran. Dette resulterer i en fotokemisk overflade, da spiropyran er kendt for at omdanne en merocyanin arter, når de bestråles med UV-lys. Den spiropyran formular kan genetableres ved at bestråle merocyanin formularen med synligt lys (figur 1) 18,19. Da merocyanin form er mere polær end den spiropyran tilstand, kan overfladespændingen af belægningen udløses med lys 20. Ændringen i overfladespænding påvirker modstanden af ​​membranen i retning af vandige opløsninger permeabilitet. Det set-up, hvordan du udfører de permeabilitet test af disse lette-reagerende membraner vil blive vist, og den betydelige ændring i modstand permeabilitet (falde in modstand gennemtrængelighed med 97%), er dokumenteret. En sådan membran kan integreres i en drug delivery opsætning eller i smart sensorsystemer. <img alt="Figur 1" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/51680/51680fig1highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/51680/51680fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1. Fotoisomerisering af spirobenzopyran forbindelse 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:943px;" width="943">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 97%</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">128635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Hexane 99%</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Biosolve</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Methanol, 99%&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14262</td>
			<td>dried over molecular sieves</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">N,N-Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D8002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Dimethyl aminopyridine, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">107700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Tert-butylmethylether, 98%</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">306975</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Polycarbonate membrane</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Nanopore Track Etched (TE) (1.0 &#956;m, 0.2 &#956;m, 0.1 &#956;m, 50 nm, 30 nm and 15 nm pore diameter; 47 mm or 25 mm membrane diameter)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Caffeine (reagent plus)</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C0750&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Franz diffusion cell (12 ml)</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">SES-Analysesysteme</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6C010015</td>
			<td>15mm unjacheted Franz Cell, 12 ml Receptor volume, Flat ground, clear glass, stirbat and clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">UV-Lamp</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>UV irradiation (366 nm, 15 W/m2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">White light lamp</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>White light irradiation (500 W bulb)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">UV/Vis spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Varian 50Bio/50MPR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:373px;">Polyester membranes</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Sterlitech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PET0225100</td>
			<td>Polyester Membrane Filters, 0.2 &#956;m pore diameter, 25 mmm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Polyvinylidene fluoride membranes</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>PVDF Membranes Durapore (0.22 &#956;m pore diameter; 47 mm membrane diameter)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Argon (99.9995%)</td>
			<td style="width:284px;">Alphagaz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Dressler Cesar RF Power Generator</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Plasma chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">MKS Multi Gas Controller 647C</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Plasma chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">MKS Mass-Flow controllers</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Plasma chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Vacuubrand RE 2.5 rotary vane vacuum pump</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Plasma chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Contact angle measurement device Kr&#252;ss G10</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Balances Mettler Toledo AB204-S and Mettler ME30</td>
			<td style="width:284px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of light-responsive membranes by a combined surface grafting and postmodification process

For at modificere overfladespændingen af ​​kommercielt tilgængelige spor kanter polymermembraner er en procedure for overflade-initieret polymerisation præsenteres. Polymerisationen fra membranoverfladen induceres ved plasmabehandling af membranen, efterfulgt af omsætning membranoverfladen med en methanolisk opløsning af 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA). Særlig opmærksomhed er givet til procesparametre for plasma behandling forud for polymerisering på overfladen. For eksempel er indflydelsen af plasma-behandling på forskellige typer af membraner (f.eks polyester, polycarbonat, polyvinylidenfluorid) undersøgt. Endvidere er den tidsafhængige stabilitet overfladeaktive podede membraner vist ved kontakt vinkelmålinger. Ved podning poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylat) (PHEMA) på denne måde, kan overfladen yderligere modificeres ved forestring af alkoholdelen af ​​polymeren med en carboxylsyre funktion af det ønskede stof.Disse reaktioner kan derfor anvendes til funktionalisering af membranoverfladen. For eksempel kan overfladespændingen af ​​membranen ændres eller en ønsket funktionalitet som præsenteret lys reaktionsevne kan indsættes. Dette demonstreres ved at omsætte PHEMA med en carboxylsyre funktionaliseret spirobenzopyran enhed, der fører til en lys-membran. Valget af opløsningsmiddel spiller en vigtig rolle i postmodification trin og er diskuteret mere detaljeret i dette dokument. Målingerne af sådanne funktionaliserede membraner permeabilitet udføres ved hjælp af en Franz-celle med en ekstern lyskilde. Ved at ændre bølgelængden af ​​lys fra det synlige til UV-området, der observeres en ændring i permeabiliteten af ​​vandige koffein løsninger.

Den ætsehastighed kan følges ved vejning membranen efter forskellige tidsperioder. Som det kan ses fra figur 4 ætsehastighed således for polyester, polyvinylidenfluorid og polycarbonatmembraner en lineær ætsehastighed, som kan bestemmes ud fra hældningen af den lineære korrelation af etch tid versus massetab. Som vist i figur 4, de polycarbonatmembraner viser den laveste etch sats af alle tre polymermembraner. En konsekvens af ætsning er ændringen i porediameter. Diam...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process at JoVE.com

Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

Udarbejdelse af Light-responsive Membraner med et samlet overfladeareal Pode og Postmodification Process

En plasma-induceret polymerisation procedure er beskrevet for overflade-initierede polymerisation på polymer membraner. Yderligere postmodification af den podede polymer med fotokromiske stoffer præsenteres med en protokol af ledende målinger af lys-lydhør membraner permeabilitet.

In order to modify the surface tension of commercial available track-edged polymer membranes, a procedure of surface-initiated polymerization is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry

Rigorous measurement of intercellular binding energy can only be made using methods grounded in thermodynamic principles in systems at equilibrium.  We ...

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Selvrapportering Stilladser for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

An Improved Method for the Preparation of Type I Collagen From Skin

En forbedret metode til forberedelse af type I kollagen fra hud

Soluble type 1 collagen (COL1) is used extensively as an adhesive substrate for cell cultures and as a cellular scaffold for regenerative applications. ...

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

Generation og podning af væv-manipuleret Fartøjer i en musemodel

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Adapting the Electrospinning Process to Provide Three Unique Environments for a Tri-layered In Vitro Model of the Airway Wall

Tilpasning af Electrospinning proces med at give tre unikke miljøer for en Tri-lags<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Model af Airway Wall

Electrospinning is a highly adaptable method producing porous 3D fibrous scaffolds that can be exploited in in vitro cell culture. Alterations to ...

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Kvalitativ Karakterisering af den vandige fraktion fra Hydrotermisk fortætning af alger ved hjælp af 2D gaskromatografi med Time-of-flight massespektrometri

Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying chemical components in ...

Automated Robotic Dispensing Technique for Surface Guidance and Bioprinting of Cells

Automatiseret Robotic Udlevering Teknik for Surface Udviklings- og Bioprinting Celler

This manuscript describes the introduction of cell guidance features followed by the direct delivery of cells to these features in a hydrogel bioink using ...

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Syntese af Hydrogeler med antitilsmudsningsegenskaber som membraner til vandrensning

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...