Name: a functional assay for gap junctional examination; electroporation of adherent cells on indium-tin oxide
Uploaded: 2014-10-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide at JoVE.com

We thank Lowell Cochran for expert videography assistance. The financial assistance of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (CBCF, Ontario Chapter), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance, the Ontario Centers of Excellence, the Breast Cancer Action Kingston and the Clare Nelson bequest fund through grants to LR is gratefully acknowledged. SG was the recipient of an NSERC studentship. MG was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the US Army Breast Cancer Program, the Ministry of Research and Innovation of the Province of Ontario and the Advisory Research Committee of Queen&#8217;s University.

1 일렉트로 챔버에서 셀 도금 <ol><li> 층류 흐름 후드에서 평소와 같이 멸균 기술을 이용하여 세포를 Trypsinize. 참고 : 그들은 유리에 세포의 확산 방해 할 수 있으므로, 원심 분리하여있는 adherens와 갭 접합 따라서 형성을 트립신의 모든 흔적을 제거하는 것이 매우 중요합니다. </li><li> 피펫 1 (37)의 출력 C 시츄 electroporator에서 (도 1), 및 장소, CO 2 인큐베이터 ...

<ol>
	<li>Raptis, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroporation+of+Adherent+Cells+in+Situ+for+the+Study+of+Signal+Transduction+and+Gap+Junctional+Communication.">Electroporation of Adherent Cells in Situ for the Study of Signal Transduction and Gap Junctional Communication.</a> Electroporation protocols. , 167-183 (2008).</li><li>Giorgetti-Peraldi, S., Ottinger, E., Wolf, G., Ye, B., Burke, T. R., Shoelson, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+effects+of+phosphotyrosine-binding+domain+inhibitors+on+insulin+receptor+signalling+and+trafficking.">Cellular effects of phosphotyrosine-binding domain inhibitors on insulin receptor signalling and trafficking.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 17, 1180-1188 (1997).</li><li>Boccaccio, C., Ando, M., Tamagnone, L., Bardelli, A., Michielli, P., Battistini, C., Comoglio, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+epithelial+tubules+by+growth+factor+HGF+depends+on+the+STAT+pathway.">Induction of epithelial tubules by growth factor HGF depends on the STAT pathway.</a> Nature. 391, 285-288 (1998).</li><li>Bardelli, A., Longati, P., Gramaglia, D., Basilico, C., Tamagnone, L., Giordano, S., Ballinari, D., Michieli, P., Comoglio, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uncoupling+signal+transducers+from+oncogenic+MET+mutants+abrogates+cell+transformation+and+inhibits+invasive+growth.">Uncoupling signal transducers from oncogenic MET mutants abrogates cell transformation and inhibits invasive growth.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 95, 14379-14383 (1998).</li><li>Gambarotta, G., Boccaccio, C., Giordano, S., Ando, M., Stella, M. C., Comoglio, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ets+up-regulates+met+transcription.">Ets up-regulates met transcription.</a> Oncogene. 13, 1911-1917 (1996).</li><li>Arulanandam, R., Vultur, A., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transfection+techniques+affecting+Stat3+activity+levels.">Transfection techniques affecting Stat3 activity levels.</a> Anal Biochem. 338 (1), 83-89 (2005).</li><li>Boussiotis, V. A., Freeman, G. J., Berezovskaya, A., Barber, D. L., Nadler, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maintenance+of+human+T+cell+anergy:+blocking+of+IL-2+gene+transcription+by+activated+Rap1.">Maintenance of human T cell anergy: blocking of IL-2 gene transcription by activated Rap1.</a> Science. 278 (5335), 124-128 (1997).</li><li>Brownell, H. L., Firth, K. L., Kawauchi, K., Delovitch, T. L., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+technique+for+the+study+of+Ras+activation;+electroporation+of+[alpha-32]GTP.">A novel technique for the study of Ras activation; electroporation of [alpha-32]GTP.</a> DNA Cell Biol. 16, 103-110 (1997).</li><li>Tomai, E., Vultur, A., Balboa, V., Hsu, T., Brownell, H. L., Firth, K. L., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+electroporation+of+radioactive+compounds+into+adherent+cells.">In situ electroporation of radioactive compounds into adherent cells.</a> DNA Cell Biol. 22, 339-346 (2003).</li><li>Raptis, L., Vultur, A., Tomai, E., Brownell, H. L., Firth, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+electroporation+of+radioactive+nucleotides:+assessment+of+Ras+activity+and+32P-labelling+of+cellular+proteins.">In situ electroporation of radioactive nucleotides: assessment of Ras activity and 32P-labelling of cellular proteins.</a> Cell Biology A Laboratory Handbook, Celis, Ed. 43, 329-339 (2006).</li><li>Nakashima, N., Rose, D., Xiao, S., Egawa, K., Martin, S., Haruta, T., Saltiel, A. R., Olefsky, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+functional+role+of+crk+II+in+actin+cytoskeleton+organization+and+mitogenesis.">The functional role of crk II in actin cytoskeleton organization and mitogenesis.</a> J Biol Chem. 274, 3001-3008 (1999).</li><li>Raptis, L., Firth, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroporation+of+adherent+cells+in+situ.">Electroporation of adherent cells in situ.</a> DNA Cell Biol. 9, 615-621 (1990).</li><li>Marais, R., Spooner, R. A., Stribbling, S. M., Light, Y., Martin, J., Springer, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cell+surface+tethered+enzyme+improves+efficiency+in+gene-directed+enzyme+prodrug+therapy.">A cell surface tethered enzyme improves efficiency in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 15, 1373-1377 (1997).</li><li>Nielsen, M. S., Nygaard, A. L., Sorgen, P. L., Verma, V., Delmar, M., Holstein-Rathlou, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gap+junctions.">Gap junctions.</a> Compr Physiol. 2 (3), 1981-2035 (2012).</li><li>Geletu, M., Trotman-Grant, A., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mind+the+gap;+regulation+of+gap+junctional,+intercellular+communication+by+the+SRC+oncogene+product+and+its+effectors.">Mind the gap; regulation of gap junctional, intercellular communication by the SRC oncogene product and its effectors.</a> Anticancer Res. 32 (10), 4245-4250 (2012).</li><li>Vinken, M., Vanhaecke, T., Papeleu, P., Snykers, S., Henkens, T., Rogiers, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Connexins+and+their+channels+in+cell+growth+and+cell+death.">Connexins and their channels in cell growth and cell death.</a> Cell Signal. 18 (5), 592-600 (2006).</li><li>Fouly, M. H., Trosko, J. E., Chang, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scrape-loading+and+dye+transfer:+A+rapid+and+simple+technique+to+study+gap+junctional+intercellular+communication.">Scrape-loading and dye transfer: A rapid and simple technique to study gap junctional intercellular communication.</a> Exp Cell Res. 168, 430-442 (1987).</li><li>Raptis, L., Brownell, H. L., Firth, K. L., MacKenzie, L. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+technique+for+the+study+of+intercellular,+junctional+communication;+electroporation+of+adherent+cells+on+a+partly+conductive+slide.">A novel technique for the study of intercellular, junctional communication; electroporation of adherent cells on a partly conductive slide.</a> DNA &amp; Cell Biol. 13, 963-975 (1994).</li><li>Anagnostopoulou, A., Cao, J., Vultur, A., Firth, K. L., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examination+of+gap+junctional,+intercellular+communication+by+in+situ+electroporation+on+two+co-planar+indium-tin+oxide+electrodes.">Examination of gap junctional, intercellular communication by in situ electroporation on two co-planar indium-tin oxide electrodes.</a> Mol Oncol. 1, 226-231 (2007).</li><li>Tomai, E., Brownell, H. L., Tufescu, T., Reid, K., Raptis, S., Campling, B. G., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+functional+assay+for+intercellular,+junctional+communication+in+cultured+human+lung+carcinoma+cells.">A functional assay for intercellular, junctional communication in cultured human lung carcinoma cells.</a> Lab Invest. 78, 639-640 (1998).</li><li>Tomai, E., Brownell, H. L., Tufescu, T., Reid, K., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gap+junctional+communication+in+lung+carcinoma+cells.">Gap junctional communication in lung carcinoma cells.</a> Lung Cancer. 23, 223-231 (1999).</li><li>Geletu, M., Chaize, C., Arulanandam, R., Vultur, A., Kowolik, C., Anagnostopoulou, A., Jove, R., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stat3+activity+is+required+for+gap+junctional+permeability+in+normal+epithelial+cells+and+fibroblasts.">Stat3 activity is required for gap junctional permeability in normal epithelial cells and fibroblasts.</a> DNA Cell Biol. 28, 319-327 (2009).</li><li>Geletu, M., Arulanandam, R., Greer, S., Trotman-Grant, A., Tomai, E., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stat3+is+a+positive+regulator+of+gap+junctional+intercellular+communication+in+cultured,+human+lung+carcinoma+cells.">Stat3 is a positive regulator of gap junctional intercellular communication in cultured, human lung carcinoma cells.</a> BMC Cancer. 12, 605 (2012).</li><li>Brownell, H. L., Narsimhan, R., Corbley, M. J., Mann, V. M., Whitfield, J. F., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ras+is+involved+in+gap+junction+closure+in+mouse+fibroblasts+or+preadipocytes+but+not+in+differentiated+adipocytes.">Ras is involved in gap junction closure in mouse fibroblasts or preadipocytes but not in differentiated adipocytes.</a> DNA &amp; Cell Biol. 15, 443-451 (1996).</li><li>Weber, P. A., Chang, H. C., Spaeth, K. E., Nitsche, J. M., Nicholson, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+permeability+of+gap+junction+channels+to+probes+of+different+size+is+dependent+on+connexin+composition+and+permeant-pore+affinities.">The permeability of gap junction channels to probes of different size is dependent on connexin composition and permeant-pore affinities.</a> Biophys J. 87 (2), 958-973 (2004).</li><li>Graham, F. L., vander Eb, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+technique+for+the+assay+of+infectivity+of+human+Adenovirus+5+DNA.">A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human Adenovirus 5 DNA.</a> Virology. 52, 456-467 (1973).</li><li>Arulanandam, R., Vultur, A., Cao, J., Carefoot, E., Truesdell, P., Elliott, B., Larue, L., Feracci, H., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cadherin-cadherin+engagement+promotes+survival+via+Rac/Cdc42+and+Stat3.">Cadherin-cadherin engagement promotes survival via Rac/Cdc42 and Stat3.</a> Mol Cancer Res 7. , 1310-1327 (2009).</li><li>Williams, E. J., Dunican, D. J., Green, P. J., Howell, F. V., Derossi, D., Walsh, F. S., Doherty, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+inhibition+of+growth+factor-stimulated+mitogenesis+by+a+cell-permeable+Grb2-binding+peptide.">Selective inhibition of growth factor-stimulated mitogenesis by a cell-permeable Grb2-binding peptide.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 272, 22349-22354 (1997).</li><li>Raptis, L., Brownell, H. L., Vultur, A. M., Ross, G., Tremblay, E., Elliott, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+inhibition+of+Growth+Factor-stimulated+ERK1/2+activation+in+intact+cells+by+electroporation+of+a+Grb2-SH2+binding+peptide.">Specific inhibition of Growth Factor-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in intact cells by electroporation of a Grb2-SH2 binding peptide.</a> Cell Growth Differ. 11, 293-303 (2000).</li><li>Meda, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assaying+the+molecular+permeability+of+connexin+channels.">Assaying the molecular permeability of connexin channels.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 154, 201-224 (2001).</li><li>Hofgaard, J. P., Mollerup, S., Holstein-Rathlou, N. H., Nielsen, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+gap+junctional+intercellular+communication+based+on+digital+image+analysis.">Quantification of gap junctional intercellular communication based on digital image analysis.</a> Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 297 (2), R243-R247 (2009).</li><li>Raptis, L., Lamfrom, H., Benjamin, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+cellular+phenotype+and+expression+of+polyomavirus+middle+T+antigen+in+rat+fibroblasts.">Regulation of cellular phenotype and expression of polyomavirus middle T antigen in rat fibroblasts.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 5, 2476-2486 (1985).</li><li>Raptis, L., Marcellus, R. C., Whitfield, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+membrane-associated+protein+kinase+C+activity+correlates+to+tumorigenicity+but+not+anchorage-independence+in+a+clone+of+mouse+NIH+3T3+cells.">High membrane-associated protein kinase C activity correlates to tumorigenicity but not anchorage-independence in a clone of mouse NIH 3T3 cells.</a> Exp Cell Res. 207, 152-154 (1993).</li><li>Vultur, A., Cao, J., Arulanandam, R., Turkson, J., Jove, R., Greer, P., Craig, A., Elliott, B. E., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+to+cell+adhesion+modulates+Stat3+activity+in+normal+and+breast+carcinoma+cells.">Cell to cell adhesion modulates Stat3 activity in normal and breast carcinoma cells.</a> Oncogene. 23, 2600-2616 (2004).</li><li>Vultur, A., Arulanandam, R., Turkson, J., Niu, G., Jove, R., Raptis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stat3+is+required+for+full+neoplastic+transformation+by+the+Simian+Virus+40+Large+Tumor+antigen.">Stat3 is required for full neoplastic transformation by the Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor antigen.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 16, 3832-3846 (2005).</li></ol>

프로토콜의 중요한 단계 electroporation하여 재료 전기 천공 할 물질의 순도는 매우 중요하다. 세포가 매우 평탄한 경우 추적 염료의 다음 높은 농도 (20 mg을 LY 대 / ㎖까지)와 같은 경우에 사용되어야하며, 순도가 더욱 중요 더 구형 1 세포에서보다. LY 외에 다른 염료 또는 nonpermeant 분자의 많은 종류가 상이한 connexins 이루어진 25 채널 프로브로 사...

셀 전류의 애플리케이션 프로세스라고 일렉트로, 세포막에 구멍을 형성시킨다. 기공이 막을 통한 분자의 nonpermeant 다양한 통로를 허용한다. 전기장이 형성된 기공은 매우 작고 휴대 생리학 방해를 최소화하여, 급속 리 클로즈되도록 정확하게 제어 할 수있다. 흥미롭게도, 부착 세포는 현탁액에 전기 천공 할 분리되지 않고, 그들이 성장 표면에 도전성 투명 인듐 - 주석 산화물 (ITO)로 코팅하고, 반응계에서 electroporation하여 유리 슬라이드 상에 성장 될 수있다. 세포는이 표면 상에 잘 성장할 수 있으며, 이들이 결합하고 확장 한, 상세한 현미경 관찰이 가능하다. 이 기술을 사용하여, 소형 분자 nonpermeant 즉시 도입하고 미리보기의 활성화에 대한 연구를 위해 적합하게이 기술을 세포의 본질적으로 100 %로 할 수있다(1 검토) 수용체의 리간드 자극 다음과 같은 경로의의 onents. 일렉트로는 DNA의 도입 (또한 electrotransfection)에 주로 사용되어왔다. 그러나 현장에서 일렉트로는 전사 인자 바인딩, 또는 siRNA를 3,5 억제하는 등의 안티센스 RNA, 이중 가닥 DNA 미끼 올리고 뉴클레오티드 등의 펩티드 2-4, 올리고 뉴클레오티드 분자의 큰 다양성의 도입을 위해 도움이 될 수 있습니다, 6, 방사성 뉴클레오티드 7-10, 단백질 11 (12) 또는 전구 약물 13. 일렉트로 후, 세포는 생화학 적 분석을 위해 용해 또는 고정 및 항체로 염색 할 수 있습니다. 셀이 전도성 코팅의 가장자리에 걸쳐 증가함에 따라 세포의 성장이,이 표면의 높이 차이에 의해 방해되지 않도록 도전성 ITO 코팅은 800-1,000Å 매우 얇다. 이 장점이 아닌 electrop을 제공합니다orated 세포는 제어 역할을하는, electroporation하여 사람과 나란히 성장시킬 수있다. 비디오에서 설명한 것과 동일한 접근은 갭 접합부, 세포 간 통신 (GJIC)의 검사를 위해 사용될 수있다. 갭 접합 인접 셀 (14)의 내부를 연결하는 채널이다. 이러한에서 Src와 같은 종양 유전자가 GJIC (15, 16)를 억제하면서 갭 접합부는, 세포 간 통신은, 종양 형성 및 전이에 중요한 역할을한다. 루시퍼 옐로우 (LY) 같은 미세 주입을 통해 배양 된 세포에 도입하거나 긁어로드 (17)와 인접 셀에 염료의 확산이 현미경 형광 조명 아래에서 관찰 등의 GJIC에게 형광 염료를 검사합니다. 그러나 이러한 기술은 변함없이 세포 손상을 야기한다. 이제 셀 (18)에 부분적으로 ITO로 코팅 된 유리 슬라이드 상에 성장되는 기법을 설명한다. 전기 펄스 LY (또는 다른 염료)의 존재 캘리포니아 도포인접 비 electroporation하여 세포에 염료 이행는 형광 현미경을 통해 관찰 조명하면서, 상기 슬라이드의 도전 부에 성장 세포로의 침투를 사용. 단일 층으로부터 분리하는 경향이있다 감수성 세포 교란을 방지하기 위해, 전극을 필요로하지 않은 설계되었다 조립체는 전류 (19)를 적용하는 셀의 상단에 배치된다. 혈청 자극 (12) 다음의 G1 단계의 길이에 대한 효과의 부재에 의해 표시된 바와 같이이 방법은 FOS의 수준 증가, 세포 대사에 어떤 검출 가능한 방해하지 않고, 다수의 셀에서 GJIC을 정량 할 수있는 능력을 구비 protooncogene 단백질 (Raptis, 미 출판) 또는 셀룰러 스트레스, P38 돼지 또는 JNK / SAPK 키나제 1과 관련이 키나아제. 종양 유전자 발현 변화와 GJ의 레벨 사이의 링크의 시험이 가능하게 접근IC (18)뿐만 아니라, 폐 종양 표본 20-23 갓 배양 된 세포를 포함하여 다양한 종류의 세포에서 GJIC시에서 Src와 STAT3의 효과. 또한, 기판에 대한 세포 부착은 그 단계에서 환원 19,24되지만, 성공적 adipocytic 분화시 갭 정션 폐쇄 시연에 이용 된 상부 전극을 결여 한 바와 셋업과 동일계에서 일렉트로.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="893">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:179px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Cellgro http://www.cellgro.com/</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-013-PB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">DMEM without Calcium</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Hyclone (Thermo scientific: http://www.thermoscientific.com)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30319-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Donor Calf Serum&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">PAA: http://www.paa.com/</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Cat.# B15-008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">PAA: http://www.paa.com/</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Cat.# A15-751</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Electroporation apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Cell Projects Ltd UK: http://www.cellprojects.com/</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Chambers</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Cell Projects Ltd UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-04-CC</td>
			<td>4-wells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Chambers</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Cell Projects Ltd UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-08-CC</td>
			<td>8-wells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Lucifer Yellow</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Cell Projects Ltd UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-25-LY</td>
			<td>High purity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">CelTak</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">354240</td>
			<td>Cell and tissue adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Fibronectin</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F1141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Collagen</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">354236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:179px;">Poly-Lysine</td>
			<td style="width:428px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P8920</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a functional assay for gap junctional examination; electroporation of adherent cells on indium-tin oxide

In this technique, cells are cultured on a glass slide that is partly coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent, electrically conductive material. A variety of molecules, such as peptides or oligonucleotides can be introduced into essentially 100% of the cells in a non-traumatic manner.&#160; Here, we describe how it can be used to study intercellular, gap junctional communication. Lucifer yellow penetrates into the cells when an electric pulse, applied to the conductive surface on which they are growing, causes pores to form through the cell membrane. This is electroporation. Cells growing on the nonconductive&#160;glass surface immediately adjacent to the electroporated region do not take up Lucifer yellow by electroporation but do acquire the fluorescent dye as it is passed to them via gap junctions that link them to the electroporated cells. The results of the transfer of dye from cell to cell can be observed microscopically under fluorescence illumination. This technique allows for precise quantitation of gap junctional communication. In addition, it can be used for the introduction of peptides or other non-permeant molecules, and the transfer of small electroporated peptides via gap junctions to inhibit the signal in the adjacent, non-electroporated cells is a powerful demonstration of signal inhibition.

그림 2는 고정 및 세탁 다음과 같은 형광 (패널 A와 B)에서 LY와 전기 천공 및 촬영 쥐 간 상피 T51B 셀 (22), 또는 위상차 (C) 조명을 보여줍니다. 패널에 electroporation하여 영역의 가장자리가 빨간색으로 표시됩니다. 적색 라인의 오른쪽에 형광 구배 갭 정션을 통한 전송을 나타낸다. 염료가 전송 한 셀이 도트로 표시된 상태에서, 전기 천공 영역의 에지에서 셀 스타 식별되고 표시되...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide at JoVE.com

A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide

This presentation demonstrates a method whereby electroporation of adherent, cultured cells is used for the study of intercellular, junctional communication, while the cells grow on a slide coated with conductive and transparent indium-tin oxide.

갭 접합부 시험에 대한 기능 분석; 인듐 - 주석 산화물에 자기편 세포의 전기 천공 법 (electroporation)

In this technique, cells are cultured on a glass slide that is partly coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent, electrically conductive material. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Patterning Cells on Optically Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes

광학 투명 인듐 틴 산화물 전극에 Patterning 셀

The ability to exercise precise spatial and temporal control over cell-surface interactions is an important prerequisite to the assembly of multi-cellular ...

연구

생물학

Labeling hESCs and hMSCs with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Non-Invasive in vivo Tracking with MR Imaging

이런 산화물로 hESCs과 hMSCs을 라벨링하는 MR 영상과 생체내 추적 비침습에 대한 Nanoparticles

In recent years, stem cell research has led to a better understanding of developmental biology, various diseases and its potential impact on regenerative ...

Electroporation of Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria의 Electroporation

High efficiency transformation is a major limitation in the study of mycobacteria. The genus Mycobacterium can be difficult to transform; this is mainly ...

In utero and ex vivo Electroporation for Gene Expression in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

In utero and ex vivo Electroporation for Gene Expression in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

마우스 망막 신경절 세포의 유전자 발현에 대한 utero 및 전직 생체내의 Electroporation에

The retina and its sole output neuron, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC), comprise an excellent model in which to examine biological questions such as cell ...

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells

자기편 및 비 점착 성의 포유 동물 세포의 현장 Subcellular 분별 (분리)에서

Protein function is intimately coupled to protein localization. Although some proteins are restricted to a specific location or subcellular compartment, ...

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells

이온 채널의 돌연변이 유발과 기능 분석 Heterologously 포유 동물 세포에 표현

We will demonstrate how to study the functional effects of introducing a point mutation in an ion channel. We study G protein-gated inwardly rectifying ...

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Clonogenic 분석 : 자기편 셀

The clonogenic (or colony forming) assay has been established for more than 50 years; the original paper describing the technique was published in 19561. ...

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

3&#39;UTR - 기자의 구성과 microRNA를 사용하여 LightSwitch의 루시페라제 분석 시스템과 인간 microRNAs의 확인 대상이 자기편 세포의 모방

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and play a role in many biological processes.  More than 700 human miRNAs have been ...

Examination of Drosophila Larval Tracheal Terminal Cells by Light Microscopy

Examination of Drosophila Larval Tracheal Terminal Cells by Light Microscopy

의 검사<em&gt; 초파리</em가벼운 현미경으로&gt; 애벌레 기관 내 터미널 셀

Cell shape is critical for cell function. However, despite the importance of cell morphology, little is known about how individual cells generate specific ...

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

세포 외 산 생산의 측정 및 분석은 당분 속도를 확인하는

Extracellular measurement of oxygen consumption and acid production is a simple and powerful way to monitor rates of respiration and glycolysis1. Both ...