Name: measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact
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This work lies within the multidisciplinary Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (Southampton University Hospitals Trust/University of Southampton) and the Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis. The authors wish to thank their funding sources; Arthritis Research UK for funding of laboratory equipment (Grant No: 18512) and Vicon Motion System, Oxford UK for providing funding for a PhD studentship (M.Warner). The authors also wish to thank the participants, and Kate Scott and Lindsay Pringle for their help with participant recruitment.

注：使用人类参与者批准健康科学伦理委员会的才干在南安普敦大学。所有参与者签署同意书之前的数据收集展开。在这项研究中运动提供的数据使用由12台摄像机被动标志运动捕捉系统记录; 6 400万像素的摄像头，并在120赫兹的采样频率运行6个16万像素的摄像头。 1.参与者准备<ol><li>要求受试者以消除他们的上身衣服或佩戴运动胸罩，马甲，或者露肩顶部。它能使衣服不干?...

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方法的确定肩胛运动学的选择是至关重要的，考虑的有效性，可靠性和适宜性进行研究性学习应给予。各种方法已被采用在整个文献，但每一种方法都有其局限性。肩峰标记簇通过提供肩胛骨的非侵入性的动态运动测量克服了许多这些限制，诸如从2D成像或要求肩胛骨的位置的重复解释投影误差。然而，该AMC方式仍然容易受到皮肤运动伪影，尤其是在较高的臂的仰角和使成问题的方法，在这些较?...

肩胛运动学的客观，定量测定可以在在肩部撞击2-8观察到臂抬高提供与肩功能障碍相关联的异常的运动模式，如减少向上旋转，后倾斜的评估。肩胛运动学测量，但是，是困难的，因为骨骼的深位置和滑翔自然皮肤表面1之下。安装反光标记过的解剖标志不充分跟踪肩胛骨，因为它下滑皮肤表面之下9典型的运动测量技术。各种方法已被采用在整个文献中，克服这些困难，包括;成像（X射线或磁共振）10-14，测角仪15,16，骨销钉17-22，手动触诊23,24，和肩峰方法3,5,19,25。每一种方法，然而，也有其局限性，其中包括：前曝光辐射，在二维图像为基础的分析的情况下的投影误差，需要反复肩胛骨的位置的主观解释，是静态的性质或具有高度侵入性（ 例如骨引脚）。 中的溶液，以克服这些困难的是采用其中一个电磁传感器安装肩峰25，骨的平坦部分，其在前方肩胛骨从脊柱领先最外侧部分延伸的平坦部肩峰方法肩胛骨。使用肩峰方法背后的原理构思是减少皮肤的运动伪影，因为肩峰已经显示出具有最少量的皮肤运动伪影比其他网站上肩胛骨26。肩峰方法是非侵入性的，并提供肩胛运动学动态三维测量。验证研究已经显示肩峰方法臂埃尔期间是有效的高达120°使用电磁传感器17,27时evation阶段。当使用基于标记的动作捕捉装置的一系列排列成簇，肩峰标记簇（AMC）的标记，是必要的，已被证明使用活性标志物的动作捕捉系统28时是有效的，并同时使用的无源标记物在手臂抬高和手臂降低29动作捕捉系统。 使用AMC的带有被动标记的动作捕捉装置，用于测量肩胛运动学已经用来评估以下内容的介入来解决肩部撞击30在肩胛运动学变化。的有效使用这种方法，然而，依赖于准确地施加标记的簇的能力，其位置已被证明影响的结果31，校准解剖学界标32和确保臂动作内的运动的有效范围（ 即低于120°手臂抬高）29。它也有人建议将标记簇的再施用，使用有源基于标记的动作捕捉系统的时候，被认为是增加了错误的来源为肩胛后倾斜28。中，因此，重要的是建立肩峰方法的日间可靠性，以确保它提供肩胛运动学的稳定措施。确保测量是可靠将使变化肩胛运动学，由于干预，例如，要被测量和检查。用于测量肩胛运动学的方法已在别处29,33描述本研究的目的是为使用被动标记运动捕捉系统应用这些方法，并考虑到误差的潜在来源提供一步一步的指导和参考工具，并且检查测量方法的可靠性。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="583">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Passive marker capture system</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Nexus</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Data capture software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Bodybuilder</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Modeling software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">14 mm retro reflective markers</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VACC-V162B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">6.5mm retro reflective markers</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VACC-V166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Calibration wand</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Plastic base</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Constructed &#39;in-house&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Mathworks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Numerical modelling software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact

动态肩胛运动学测量是复杂的，由于在皮肤表面下方的肩胛骨的滑动性质。这项研究的目的是为了清楚地描述确定肩胛运动学使用无源标记物运动捕捉系统时，考虑为错误的可能影响测量的有效性和可靠性的来源的肩峰标记簇（AMC）方法。 AMC方式包括将标记簇在后部肩峰，并通过解剖标志校准相对于所述标记簇有可能获得肩胛运动学测量值有效。该方法的可靠性2天之间进行了检查在一组的，因为它们进行的臂抬高15健康个体（年龄19-38岁，8名男性），以120℃，并降低在额叶，肩胛和矢状平面。结果表明，日之间的可靠性是有利于向上旋转肩胛骨（系数MULT的IPLE相关性; CMC = 0.92）和后倾（CMC = 0.70），但公平在手臂抬高阶段内旋（CMC = 0.53）。波形误差较低向上旋转（2.7°至4.4°）和后倾斜（1.3°至2.8°），相对于内旋（5.4°至7.3°）。在降低阶段的可靠性媲美在海拔阶段观察到的结果。如果在这项研究中列出的协议遵守，对AMC的高度和手臂的运动降低阶段期间提供向上旋转和后倾的可靠测量。

十五与会者谁没有已知的肩膀，颈部或手臂受伤的历史被招入的研究（ 表2）。为了评估内部信度（间天），参加者出席了至少24小时，最长7天分开的两个数据收集会话。在每个数据采集时段，同一人的协议，用于连接反光标记，肩峰标记集群，解剖标志校准，上面详细。使用多个相关（CMC）37的系数的运动波形，从动态试验中获得的可靠性进行评价。波形的测量误差被用来?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

这份报告介绍了如何采用采用被动标志动作捕捉设备时获得肩胛运动学的肩峰标记集群方法的细节。如在文献中进行了描述，该方法提供肩胛运动学一个健壮的，非侵入性的，三维的，动态的和有效的测量，尽量减少皮肤的运动伪影。

动态肩胛运动学使用的肩峰标记集群尽量减少与皮肤运动伪影测量

The measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics is complex due to the sliding nature of the scapula beneath the skin surface. The aim of the study was to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1&beta; using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â² using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

使用全血刺激试验的促炎性细胞因子IL -1β的精确和简单的测量

Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of soluble mediators by immune cells, lead to various manifestations in skin, joints and other tissues ...

科研

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Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

定量可视化和皮肤癌症使用动态热成像检测

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

测量和制止在弱视治疗

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance

的运动再培训采用实时反馈的性能

Any modification of movement - especially movement patterns that have been honed over a number of years - requires re-organization of the neuromuscular ...

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

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Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

原位胰腺癌小鼠模型的动态对比增强磁共振成像

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

视频运动分析使用智能手机（ViMAS）的初步研究

The use of smartphones in clinical practice is steadily increasing with the availability of low cost/freely available &#34;apps&#34; that could be used to ...

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue

3D 超声成像: 快速、经济高效的肌骨骼组织形态分析

The developmental goal of 3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) is to engineer a modality to perform 3D morphological ultrasound analysis of human muscles. 3DUS ...

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

用激光散斑对比成像系统克服运动伪影的新方法血液微循环的交替速度

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic ...

Dynamic Measurement and Imaging of Capillaries, Arterioles, and Pericytes in Mouse Heart

鼠标心脏中毛细血管、动脉和腹膜的动态测量和成像

Coronary arterial tone along with the opening or closing of the capillaries largely determine the blood flow to cardiomyocytes at constant perfusion ...