Name: measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact
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This work lies within the multidisciplinary Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (Southampton University Hospitals Trust/University of Southampton) and the Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis. The authors wish to thank their funding sources; Arthritis Research UK for funding of laboratory equipment (Grant No: 18512) and Vicon Motion System, Oxford UK for providing funding for a PhD studentship (M.Warner). The authors also wish to thank the participants, and Kate Scott and Lindsay Pringle for their help with participant recruitment.

BEMÆRK: Brugen af ​​menneskelige deltagere blev godkendt af Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet etiske komité ved University of Southampton. Alle deltagere underskrevet samtykke formularer før dataindsamlingen påbegyndes. For data i denne undersøgelse kinematik blev registreret ved hjælp af en passiv markør motion capture, der består af 12 kameraer; seks 4-megapixel kameraer og seks 16-megapixel kameraer, der opererer på frekvens på 120 Hz sampling. 1. Deltager Forberedelse <...

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Valget af metode til bestemmelse skapular kinematik er afgørende, og der bør overvejes af gyldigheden, pålideligheden og dens relevans for forskningsundersøgelse. Er blevet vedtaget Forskellige fremgangsmåder hele litteraturen, men hver metode har sine begrænsninger. Acromion markør klynge overvinder en række af disse begrænsninger, såsom projektion fejl fra 2D eller kræver gentagen fortolkning af placeringen af ​​bovbladet ved at tilvejebringe ikke-invasiv dynamisk kinematiske måling af scapula. , AMC-m...

Mål, kvantitativ måling af skapular kinematik kan give en vurdering af unormale bevægelsesmønstre forbundet med skulder dysfunktion 1, såsom reduceret opadgående rotation og posterior tilt under arm elevation observeret i skulder impingement 2-8. Måling af skapular kinematik er imidlertid vanskelig på grund af knoglen dybe position og glidende karakter under hudoverfladen 1. Typiske kinematiske målemetoder til fastgørelse reflekterende markører end anatomiske landemærker ikke i tilstrækkelig grad spore scapula som den glider under huden overflade 9. Der er vedtaget forskellige metoder i hele litteraturen at overvinde disse vanskeligheder, herunder; imaging (røntgen eller magnetisk resonans) 10-14, goniometre 15,16, knoglestifter 17-22, manuel palpering 23,24, og acromion metode 3,5,19,25. Hver metode har imidlertid sine begrænsninger, som omfatter: exeksponeres for stråling, projektion fejl i tilfælde af todimensionale billede baseret analyse, kræver gentagne subjektiv fortolkning af placeringen af scapula er statisk i naturen eller er meget invasive (f.eks knoglestifter). En løsning til at overvinde nogle af disse vanskeligheder er at anvende acromion metode, hvor en elektromagnetisk sensor er fastgjort til den flade del af acromion 25, en flad del af ben, der strækker sig fortil på det mest laterale del af bovbladet fører fra ryggen af scapula. Princippet idé bag ved hjælp acromion metode er at reducere hudens bevægelse artefakt, som acromion har vist sig at have den mindste mængde af huden bevægelse artefakt i forhold til andre steder på scapula 26. Acromion metode er ikke-invasiv og giver dynamisk tredimensional måling af skapular kinematik. Validation undersøgelser har vist acromion metode til at være gyldige op til 120 ° under armen elevation fase ved brug af elektromagnetiske sensorer 17,27. Ved brug af markør baseret motion capture udstyr en række markører arrangeret i en klynge, acromion markør klynge (AMC), der kræves, og har vist sig at være gyldig, når du bruger en aktiv-markør motion capture-system 28 og samtidig at bruge en passiv-markør motion capture-system under arm elevation og arm sænkning 29. Anvendelsen af AMC med en passiv markør motion capture indretning til måling skapular kinematik er blevet anvendt til at vurdere ændringer i skapular kinematik efter en intervention for at løse skulder impingement 30. Den gyldige brug af denne metode, afhænger imidlertid af evnen til præcist at anvende den klynge af markører, der som vist i stand til at påvirke resultatet 31, kalibrere anatomiske landemærker 32 og sikrer armbevægelser er inden et gyldigt vifte af bevægelse (dvs. under 120 ° arm elevation) 29. Deter også blevet foreslået Genansøgningen af markøren klynge, ved anvendelse af en aktiv markør baseret motion capture system viste sig at være kilden til øget fejl for skulderblad posterior tilt 28. Det er derfor vigtigt at fastslå mellem dag pålidelighed acromion metode til at sikre, at den tilvejebringer en stabil måling af skapular kinematik. Sikring af, at målingerne er pålidelige vil give ændringer i skapular kinematik, på grund af en intervention, for eksempel, der skal måles og undersøges. De metoder, der anvendes til at måle skapular kinematik er blevet beskrevet andetsteds 29,33; formålet med denne undersøgelse var at give en trin-for-trin vejledning og reference værktøj for anvendelsen af ​​disse metoder ved hjælp af en passiv-markør motion capture-system, med hensyn til de potentielle fejlkilder, og at undersøge pålideligheden af ​​målemetoden .

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="583">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Passive marker capture system</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Nexus</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Data capture software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Bodybuilder</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Modeling software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">14 mm retro reflective markers</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VACC-V162B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">6.5mm retro reflective markers</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VACC-V166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Calibration wand</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Vicon Motion Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Plastic base</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Constructed &#39;in-house&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:81px;">Mathworks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Numerical modelling software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact

Målingen af ​​dynamiske skapular kinematik er kompleks på grund af den glidende karakter af bovbladet under hudoverfladen. Formålet med undersøgelsen var tydeligt at beskrive acromion markør klynge (AMC) metode til bestemmelse skapular kinematik, når du bruger en passiv markør motion capture-system, med hensyn til de fejlkilder, som kan påvirke gyldigheden og pålideligheden af ​​målinger. AMC fremgangsmåde involverer at placere en klynge af markører over bageste acromion og gennem kalibrering af anatomiske kendetegn med hensyn til markøren klynge er det muligt at opnå gyldige målinger af skapular kinematik. Pålideligheden af ​​fremgangsmåden blev undersøgt mellem to dage i en gruppe af 15 raske individer (i alderen 19-38 år, otte mænd), da de udførte arm elevation, til 120 °, og sænkning i frontal, skulderblad og isseplanerne. Resultaterne viste, at mellem-dages pålidelighed var godt for opadgående skulderblad rotation (Koefficient af Multiple Korrelation; CMC = 0,92) og posterior tilt (CMC = 0,70), men fair til intern rotation (CMC = 0,53) under armen elevation fase. Den bølgeform fejl var lavere for opadgående rotation (2,7 ° til 4,4 °) og posterior tilt (1,3 ° til 2,8 °) i forhold til intern rotation (5,4 ° til 7,3 °). Pålideligheden i en sænkning fase var sammenlignelig med resultater observeret under elevation fase. Hvis proceduren skitseret i denne undersøgelse overholdes, AMC giver en pålidelig måling af opadgående rotation og posterior tilt under elevation og sænkning faser af arm bevægelse.

Femten deltagere, der ikke havde kendt historie skulder, nakke eller arm skader blev rekrutteret på undersøgelsen (tabel 2). For at vurdere intra-rater (mellem-dag) pålidelighed, deltagerne deltog to dataindsamling sessioner adskilt af mindst 24 timer og højst 7 dage. Under hver dataindsamling session, den samme investigator udførte protokollen til fastgørelse reflekterende markører, acromion markør klynge og anatomiske skelsættende kalibreringer, som beskrevet ovenfor. Pålideligheden af den k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Denne rapport indeholder oplysninger om, hvordan at vedtage acromion markør klynge metode til at opnå skapular kinematik, når du bruger en passiv markør motion capture-enhed. Som det er blevet beskrevet i litteraturen, denne metode giver et robust, ikke-invasiv, tredimensionale, dynamiske og gyldig måling af skapular kinematik, hvilket minimerer hud bevægelse artefakt.

Måling af Dynamic skulderblad Kinematics Brug af en Acromion Marker Cluster til Minimer Skin Movement Artifact

The measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics is complex due to the sliding nature of the scapula beneath the skin surface. The aim of the study was to ...

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