这项工作是由德意志研究联合会资助项目（AF：379-8/1; 379-10/1，379-11/1和DFG-EXC-257，UL：423/1-1），该Bundesministerium皮毛教化UND Forschung（自动对焦：FKZ0315673A和01GY1144;自动对焦和MM：01EO0801），德意志学术交流中心（AF：DAAD-54391829），GO8澳大利亚 - 德国联合研究合作计划（DC：2011001430），在Else-克朗费森尤斯基金会（自动对焦：2009-141; RL：2011-119）和澳大利亚研究理事会（DC：ARC FT100100976，MM：ARC FT120100608）。我们感谢凯特Riggall的编辑协助。

1，禁忌和特殊注意事项<ol><li>彻底筛选参与者MRI检查禁忌症（ 如心脏起搏器，幽闭恐惧症， 等等 ），并排除如果必要的。收购标准问卷在那工作核磁共振成像扫描仪的临床或科研机构。总是进入扫描仪的房间时，切记遵守标准的安全程序。 </li><li>彻底筛选参与者禁忌TDCS的。这些可能重叠与禁忌MRI检查。举一个例子见VILLAMAR 等[20]。 </li><li>请咨询当地的有关安全和?...

<ol>
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S., Bikson, M., Fregni, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrode+positioning+and+montage+in+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation.">Electrode positioning and montage in transcranial direct current stimulation.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (51), (2011).</li><li>Turi, Z., Paulus, W., Antal, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+neuroimaging+and+transcranial+electrical+stimulation.">Functional neuroimaging and transcranial electrical stimulation.</a> Clin. 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TDCS的同时用功能磁共振成像的联合应用表现出的潜力为阐明的整个大脑的刺激与高空间分辨率13-19的直接影响的神经基础。在未来，这样的研究可以通过组合脑电图TDCS的研究进行补充，以利用后者的技术的优越的时间分辨率。此外，intrascanner刺激使头皮上的验证电极的正确定位的（ 例如使用T-加权图像，参见图10）。这可以帮助减少在实验研究中不必要的差异是由于?...

经颅直流电刺激（TDCS的）是脑刺激的非侵入性方法，其中皮质功能是由两个头皮固定电极之间伸出的弱电流（通常为1-2毫安）来调制。生理上，TDCS的诱导目标皮质区域内通过的钠和钙通道的操纵极性依赖性转变神经元静息膜电位（RMP），从而促进改变大脑皮质的兴奋性1。具体地，正极的刺激（atDCS）已被证明通过神经RMP的去极化增加皮质活动，而阴极刺激（ctDCS）降低皮质兴奋2。相对于其他类型的脑刺激（ 如经颅磁刺激）安全性已经确立，因此至今没有严重的副作用，甚至在弱势群体3，4报道。还有，至少对于罗WER刺激强度（高达1 mA），一个有效的安慰剂（“假”）的刺激条件存在5，让参与者和研究者的有效致盲的刺激条件下，使TDCS的实验和临床研究设置一个有吸引力的工具。 许多研究迄今已经表明，这些变化在皮层的兴奋性，可能导致行为上的调制。在电机系统，一致的极性依赖性作用已报道1,6两个atDCS和ctDCS。在认知研究中，大多数研究认为采用atDCS提高认知功能上的报道7性能的有利影响，而ctDCS往往没有造成损害认知加工。后者可以通过相关的认知6神经处理资源的更大的冗余解释。多数TDCS的研究都采用交叉设计研究刺激的直接影响，而经久的电流仅持续1短周期的终止。然而，有人认为，反复对蛋白质合成的刺激影响， 即神经机制基本技能的获得8。事实上，运动或认知训练成功时，可能会反复TDCS的会话和这些改进长期稳定性已报告持续长达数月的健康成人8-10相结合得到增强。这些发现也引发了兴趣，在临床背景和初步数据使用TDCS的的建议，也可能是在各种临床人口3主要或辅助治疗的方法是有用的。然而，当相对大量的研究，在电机系统解决TDCS的神经生理学作用，鲜为人知的是对健康和疾病的认知脑功能TDCS的影响相关的神经机制。更好地了解TDCS的作用的模式是一个必要的前提TDCS的在研究和临床设置更有针对性的应用。 这个问题可以通过结合TDCS的与像脑电图（EEG）或功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）功能性脑成像技术来解决。大多数研究调查相关的认知和运动功能的神经机制已选择采用功能磁共振成像11。特别地，功能磁共振成像是使用最广泛的脑成像技术来调查相关的认知和运动功能11的神经机制。此外，当与TDCS的并发应用程序相结合，功能性磁振造影检查可基本行为TDCS的效果与整个大脑更高的空间分辨率相比，脑电图的神经机制（近期联合TDCS的脑电图的说明，请参阅Schestatsky 等。12）。本手稿描述日TDCS的过程中同时进行功能磁共振成像É联合使用。这种新颖的技术已经被成功地用于研究相关 ​​的运动和认知功能13-19 TDCS的诱导调制的神经机制。在未来，这一合并协议将产生新的见解的健康和疾病TDCS的作用机制。了解TDCS的对大型神经网络的影响为评估这种技术可能会奠定了基础研究和临床的设置更有针对性的应用TDCS的的。 这份手稿将集中于行为TDCS的实验和TDCS的过程中同时进行功能磁共振成像的结合使用之间的差异，与特定的重点放在硬件要求，实现技术，以及安全方面的考虑。作为一个例子，在任务没有静息状态（RS）和功能磁共振成像在语言任务14，15瓦特给予左额下回（IFG）TDCS的单个会话病进行描述，但许多其它应用是可能的16，19。实验设计，参与者的特征和功能磁共振成像数据分析程序的详情，已详列于原出版物14,15描述，并超出了本手稿的范围。此外，在这些研究中，一个额外的功能磁共振成像扫描，涉及假TDCS的收购和比较atDCS会议的成果（见“代表性成果”一节）。本次会议是相同的，在目前的手稿中描述的，不同之处在于刺激被中断的扫描工作阶段（ 见图1节）开始之前。本程序已经成功实施在3特斯拉西门子三重奏核磁 ​​共振成像扫描仪在柏林中心的高级成像（蒂大学医学院，德国柏林），并原则上应适用于其他扫描仪，以及13。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="662">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">DC-Stimulator Plus</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">NeuroConn, Illmenau, Germany</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:133px;">21</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="126">
			<td height="126" style="height:126px;width:216px;">Hardware extension DC-Stimulator MR (2 MRI compatible rubber electrodes, electrode and box cable and inner filter box; outer filter box and stimulator cable)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">NeuroConn, Illmenau, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">2 sponge pads for rubber electrodes (7x5 and 10x10 ccm)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">NeuroConn, Illmenau, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Rubber head band</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NaCL solution</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Measurement tape</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td>To determine electrode position using the EEG 10-20 system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Pen</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:133px;"></td>
			<td>Used during electrode positioning</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transcranial direct current stimulation and simultaneous  functional magnetic resonance imaging

经颅直流电刺激（TDCS的）是使用施用于头皮操纵皮质兴奋性弱的电流，因此，行为和脑功能的非侵入性脑刺激技术。在过去十年中，大量的研究已经解决了TDCS的关于在运动和认知任务的行为表现不同的措施短期和长期影响，无论是在健康个体，并在许多不同的患者人群。到目前为止，然而，很少有人知道的TDCS的作用在人类对于大规模的大脑网络的神经基础。这个问题可以通过结合TDCS的与像功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）或脑电图（EEG），脑功能成像技术来解决。 特别地，功能磁共振成像是使用最广泛的脑成像技术来调查相关的认知和运动功能的神经机制。 APPLICATI在功能磁共振成像在TDCS的允许相关行为TDCS的效果与整个大脑的高空间分辨率的神经机制的分析。使用这种技术最近的研究确定了在现场的刺激与任务相关的脑功能活动，也是在更遥远的大脑区域的刺激引起的变化，这与行为的改善有关。此外，在静息状态功能磁共振管理TDCS的可识别的全脑功能连接广泛的变化。 使用此协议相结合今后的研究应该产生新的见解的健康和疾病，并用于研究和临床设置更有针对性的应用TDCS的新的选择TDCS的作用机制。本稿件描述了这一新技术在一步一步的时尚，侧重于功能性磁振造影过程中给予TDCS的技术方面。

功能性磁共振成像是使用最广泛的功能性成像技术来解决的运动或认知功能相关的神经机制。最近，磁共振成像也被用来评估对皮质活性和连通TDCS的影响。然而，这些研究大多给予TDCS的扫描仪之外，并评估了刺激离线效应（ 即 ，扫描前22，23投TDCS的）。只有少数的研究，到目前为止已经在同时fMRI的管理TDCS的，使用不同的血氧水平依赖对比（BOLD）14-17，24或灌注成像序列<s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous  Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

经颅直流电刺激（TDCS的）是一种无创性脑刺激技术。它已经成功地被用于基础研究和临床设置，以调节在人类大脑功能。本文介绍了TDCS的实施和同步功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，探讨TDCS的影响的神经基础。

经颅直流电刺激和同步功能磁共振成像

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that uses weak electrical currents administered to the scalp ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds

功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术与听觉刺激鸣禽

The neurobiology of birdsong, as a model for human speech, is a pronounced area of research in behavioral neuroscience. Whereas electrophysiology and ...

科研

行为学

Best Current Practice for Obtaining High Quality EEG Data During Simultaneous fMRI

获得高质量的脑电数据在同步功能磁共振成像的当前最佳实践

Simultaneous  EEG-fMRI allows the excellent temporal resolution of EEG to be combined with the  high spatial accuracy of fMRI. The data  from these two ...

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

同时脑电图监测在经颅直流电刺激

Transcranial  direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that delivers weak electric  currents through the scalp. This constant electric current ...

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

刺激唇部运动皮层与经颅磁刺激

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be a useful tool in investigating the role of the articulatory motor cortex in speech perception. ...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

经颅磁刺激对调查因果脑 - 行为关系及其时间进程

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses a strong electromagnet in order to temporarily ...

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

调节认知使用小脑经颅直流电刺激

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

多功能设置研究人类电机控制用经颅磁刺激，肌电图，运动捕捉和虚拟现实

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia

神经导航引导下重复经颅磁刺激的失语

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely used for several neurological conditions, as it has gained acknowledgement for its potential ...

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

并行脑电图记录在经颅交流电刺激（TACS）

Oscillatory brain activities are considered to reflect the basis of rhythmic changes in transmission efficacy across brain networks and are assumed to ...

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Unilateral Hemisphere of Rat Brain

重复经颅磁刺激对大鼠大脑的单边半球

Previous rodent models of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) adopted whole-brain stimulation instead of unilateral hemispheric rTMS, ...