Name: an inverse analysis approach to the characterization of chemical transport in paints
Uploaded: 2014-08-29T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints at JoVE.com

作者感谢韦斯·戈登博士（ECBC），用于支持在仪器设计。这项工作是由埃里克·温斯坦和迈克尔·罗伯茨（国防威胁降低局）根据计划CA08MSB317资助的两个研究项目的累积结果。本文引用的技术报告可在以下<a href="http://www.dtic.mil">http://www.dtic.mil</a> 。

1，条件涂料底物的所期望的环境<ol><li>预设的环境室的基板调节到规定的温度和相对湿度（20℃，50％）。确保基板的条件一直保持，因为两者的温度和水含量可以吸收率显著影响到材料。 </li><li>外套0.32厘米厚，5.08厘米半径不锈钢圆片与20.25 平方厘米，表面积有一层涂料（MIL-DTL-53039，溶剂分散性（标准差）的脂肪族聚氨酯涂料系统6）总涂层厚度（大约为100微米的底漆和面漆）...

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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inverse+Technique+to+Determine+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+Diffusion+and+Partition+Coefficients+in+Dry+Building+Material.">An Inverse Technique to Determine Volatile Organic Compounds Diffusion and Partition Coefficients in Dry Building Material.</a> Heat and Mass Transfer. 41, 834-842 (2005).</li><li>Li, F., Niu, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inverse+Approach+for+Estimating+the+Initial+Distribution+of+Volatile+Organic+Compounds+in+Dry+Building+Material.">An Inverse Approach for Estimating the Initial Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds in Dry Building Material.</a> Atmos. 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用于HD和VX的油漆质量传递的参数是通过蒸气排放数据的数值反演分析确定。与计算出的参数，有可能再产生随时间变化的浓度梯度映射为在油漆涂层的污染物分布。逆分析结果表明，HD的在SD涂料中的溶解度比VX为高，但扩散度为约5倍以下。该结果表明，HD污染是高度浓缩在涂层的表面上，而对VX污染信息通过SD漆涂层穿透。因此，对于标清喷漆净化需求将有所不同根据化学污染物。这种方法的应?...

用的材料污染的化学战剂相关联的质量传递机构是由各种卷积处理，其中包括物理状态转换，移动物种之间的化学相互作用，与材料界面驱动。开发有效的净化技术，优化的净化程序，以及预测模式，这一点是至关重要的污染过程是众所周知的，包括污染物的运输成材料通过吸收和随后的化学排放回环境中。因此，当务之急是方法被开发，可用于评估污染物质对由于环境条件的地下浓度分布。甲连续尺度，基于物理学的模型的开发是为了预测在被污染的基底吸收剂的浓度分布。实验得出的质量传递参数使T的预测他蒸气的污染物质净化后排放。的预测中的材料的浓度分布的能力可以促进潜在蒸气危害的评估，并反过来，使毒性危险1的准确的诊断。这种方法允许对污染物的材料对特定质量传输参数，如扩散和饱和浓度的估算，这反过来允许建模的其他方案和条件。在这项研究中，我们已经处理过的溶剂分散，聚氨酯漆涂料液相污染的化学战剂双（2 -氯乙基）硫醚（蒸芥菜，疱剂HD）和O -乙基南- [2 - （异丙基氨基）乙基] methylphosphonothioate（VX），有机磷神经毒剂。 所开发的方法，从污染的材料，包括像HD和VX化学战剂的特征气体解吸曲线，无许多妨碍其他限制接近2,3。时间分辨质谱污染物演变测量受污染的基材允许与反分析扩散输运模型来计算污染物的材料，包括从原来的渗透活动启动污染物的吸收浓度分布质量传输参数。与建立在材料的环境条件的划定污染物浓度分布的预测能力来评估毒性危险，并最终制定有效去污路线的能力。 在本文中，与样品制备相关的细节被提出，包括化学战剂污染的工作，以及从污染的材料的实验数据的收集和随后的模型4。实验中同样进行递减进项税的化学污染物和去污剂源文献5中，并在接下来的部分将讨论。在包括在图1的流程图，用于样品制备和分析步骤。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="646">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:203px;">Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:203px;">Stainless Steel Tray</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">4189T1</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">13-5/8&#34; L x 9-3/4&#34; W, http://www.mcmaster.com/#stainless-steel-trays/=p8dcgp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="67">
			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:203px;">MIL-DTL-53039 solvent-dispersible aliphatic polyurethane coating system</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td style="width:97px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Substrates supplied by internal source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:203px;">Environmental Chamber</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td style="width:97px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Custom Design. Full details on vacuum chamber specifications and materials included in reference 4.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:203px;">bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">CASARM</td>
			<td style="width:97px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="65">
			<td height="65" style="height:65px;width:203px;">O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">CASARM</td>
			<td style="width:97px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:203px;">Pipetter</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22260201</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Range of 1.0 &#181;L to 10 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:203px;">Pipetter Tips</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">13-683-709</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">0.1 mL Volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:203px;">Stainless Steel High Vacuum Experimental Chamber</td>
			<td style="width:101px;"></td>
			<td style="width:97px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Custom Design</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:203px;">Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">ExTorr</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">RGA300</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:203px;">Stainless Steel Tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">5516A15</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Any stainless steel tweezers are appropriate.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:203px;">Glass Extraction Jar</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Scientific Specialties</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">170808</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Jar fits a ~5 cm diameter substrate.&#160; Different glass jars with teflon lined lids are appropriate for different sized substrates.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:203px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">650498</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">HARMFUL.&#160; The extraction solvent for HD may change depending on the analytical method.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:203px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">650447</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">HARMFUL.&#160; The extraction solvent for VX may change depending on the analytical method.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Pasteur Pipette</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:97px;">14673-010</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">size= 5 3/4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an inverse analysis approach to the characterization of chemical transport in paints

直接表征材料中发生的化学品运输和互动的能力（ 即地下动态）是了解污染物大众运输及净化材料的能力的重要组成部分。如果材料被污染，随着时间的推移，高毒性的化学物质（如化学战剂的种类）出来的材料的运输可导致蒸汽暴露或转移到皮肤上，这可能会导致经皮暴露于谁与交互人员材料。由于化学战剂的高毒性，微量化学量的释放是显著关注。吸收剂测绘地下浓度分布和迁移特征使暴露的危险在未经测试的情况进行评估。此外，这些工具可以用来表征地表下的反应动力学，最终设计出更好的去污剂或净化程序。牛逼ö实现这一目标，逆分析质量传递模型方法的开发，利用蒸气排放的从被污染的油漆涂料作为用于对地下浓度分布计算的输入参数的时间分辨质谱法测量。提供了样品制备的详细信息，包括污染物和材料处理，质谱仪的应用程序发出的污染气体的测量，以及反分析使用基于物理学的扩散模型，以确定现场化学战剂的输运性质的实施，包括蒸馏水芥菜（HD）和VX神经毒剂。

图3显示基于时间分辨质谱为VX和HD（主要质量碎片VX所计算的质量流量和HD从SD涂底物的例子在顶板质量电荷比，m / z = 114和109，分别）。四极杆质谱仪，主要有三个组成部分：离子发生器，质量分析器或过滤器，以及充电检测器。气体物质通过电子轰击电离（热丝式电子源）电离，而所产生的离子被注入到四极质量过滤器的途中到达法拉第杯或电子倍增检测器，用于测量离子电...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints at JoVE.com

An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

一个反分析方法化工运输的油漆表征

在本文中，用于量化在各种材料的化学品的质量传输参数的过程被呈现。这个过程涉及采用一逆分析基于扩散模型为蒸气所记录的实时，质谱法在高真空中发射分布。

The ability to directly characterize chemical transport and interactions that occur within a material (i.e., subsurface dynamics) is a vital component in ...

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