Name: organotypic slice cultures to study oligodendrocyte dynamics and myelination
Uploaded: 2014-08-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination at JoVE.com

This work was funded by grants from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG4179 to A.N.), the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01NS073425 and R01NS074870 to A.N.) and the National Science Foundation (A.N.). We thank Dr. Frank Kirchhoff (University of Saarland, Homburg Germany) for providing PLPDsRed transgenic mice. We thank Youfen Sun for her assistance in maintaining the transgenic mouse colony.

NOTA: Todos os procedimentos com animais está seguindo as diretrizes e foram aprovados pelo Comitê de Uso e Cuidado Animal Institucional (IACUC) da Universidade de Connecticut. NOTA: Para estas experiências constitutivas NG2cre 18 (JAX # 008533) e induzível NG2creER 16 (JAX # 008538) camundongos transgênicos cruzou para Z / EG 19 (JAX # 003920) ou gtRosa26: YFP repórter 20 (JAX # 006148) linhas, respectivamente, foram utilizados a imagem células NG2 e seus descendentes. Para imagem ...

<ol>
	<li>Stoppini, L., Buchs, P. A., Muller, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+organotypic+cultures+of+nervous+tissue.">A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 37 (2), (1991).</li><li>Gogolla, N., Galimberti, I., DePaola, V., Caroni, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+organotypic+hippocampal+slice+cultures+for+long-term+live+imaging.">Preparation of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures for long-term live imaging.</a> Nature Protocols. 1 (3), 1165-1171 (2006).</li><li>G&#228;hwiler, B. H., Capogna, M., Debanne, D., McKinney, R. A., Thompson, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+slice+cultures:+a+technique+has+come+of+age.">Organotypic slice cultures: a technique has come of age.</a> Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (10), 471-477 (1997).</li><li>Yamamoto, N., Kurotani, T., Toyama, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+connections+between+the+lateral+geniculate+nucleus+and+visual+cortex+in+vitro.">Neural connections between the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in vitro.</a> Science. 245 (4914), 192-194 (1989).</li><li>Bahr, B. A., Kessler, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+maintenance+of+glutamate+receptors+and+other+synaptic+components+in+long-term+hippocampal+slices.">Stable maintenance of glutamate receptors and other synaptic components in long-term hippocampal slices.</a> Hippocampus. 5 (5), 425-439 (1995).</li><li>Noctor, S. C., Flint, A. C., Weissman, T. A., Dammerman, R. S., Kriegstein, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurons+derived+from+radial+glial+cells+establish+radial+units+in+neocortex.">Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex.</a> Nature. 409 (6821), 714-720 (2001).</li><li>Noctor, S. C., Mart&#237;nez-Cerde&#241;o, V., Ivic, L., Kriegstein, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+neurons+arise+in+symmetric+and+asymmetric+division+zones+and+migrate+through+specific+phases.">Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 7 (2), (2004).</li><li>Kapfhammer, J. P., Gugger, O. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+analysis+of+purkinje+cell+dendritic+morphology+in+organotypic+slice+cultures.">The analysis of purkinje cell dendritic morphology in organotypic slice cultures.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments JoVE. (61), (2012).</li><li>Elias, L., Kriegstein, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+slice+culture+of+E18+rat+brains.">Organotypic slice culture of E18 rat brains.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments JoVE. (6), e235 (2007).</li><li>Nishiyama, A., Komitova, M., Suzuki, R., Zhu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polydendrocytes+(NG2+cells):+multifunctional+cells+with+lineage+plasticity.">Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity.</a> Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (1), 9-22 (2009).</li><li>Haber, M., Vautrin, S., Fry, E. J., Murai, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subtype-specific+oligodendrocyte+dynamics+in+organotypic+culture.">Subtype-specific oligodendrocyte dynamics in organotypic culture.</a> Glia. 57 (9), 1000-1013 (2009).</li><li>Bin, J. M., Leong, S. Y., Bull, S. -. J., Antel, J. P., Kennedy, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligodendrocyte+precursor+cell+transplantation+into+organotypic+cerebellar+shiverer+slices:+a+model+to+study+myelination+and+myelin+maintenance.">Oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation into organotypic cerebellar shiverer slices: a model to study myelination and myelin maintenance.</a> PloS one. 7 (7), (2012).</li><li>Birgbauer, E., Rao, T. S., Webb, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysolecithin+induces+demyelination+in+vitro+in+a+cerebellar+slice+culture+system.">Lysolecithin induces demyelination in vitro in a cerebellar slice culture system.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Research. 78 (2), 157-166 (2004).</li><li>Harrer, M. D., von Budingen, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+imaging+of+remyelination+after+antibody-mediated+demyelination+in+an+ex+model+for+immune+mediated+CNS+damage.">Live imaging of remyelination after antibody-mediated demyelination in an ex model for immune mediated CNS damage.</a> Experimental Neurology. 216 (2), 431-438 (2009).</li><li>Fancy, S. P. J., Harrington, E. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axin2+as+regulatory+and+therapeutic+target+in+newborn+brain+injury+and+remyelination.">Axin2 as regulatory and therapeutic target in newborn brain injury and remyelination.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 14 (8), 1009-1016 (2011).</li><li>Zhu, X., Hill, R. A., Dietrich, D., Komitova, M., Suzuki, R., Nishiyama, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-dependent+fate+and+lineage+restriction+of+single+NG2+cells.">Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells.</a> Development. 138 (4), 745-753 (2011).</li><li>Hill, R. A., Patel, K. D., Medved, J., Reiss, A. M., Nishiyama, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NG2+Cells+in+White+Matter+But+Not+Gray+Matter+Proliferate+in+Response+to+PDGF.">NG2 Cells in White Matter But Not Gray Matter Proliferate in Response to PDGF.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (36), 14558-14566 (2013).</li><li>Zhu, X., Bergles, D. E., Nishiyama, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NG2+cells+generate+both+oligodendrocytes+and+gray+matter+astrocytes.">NG2 cells generate both oligodendrocytes and gray matter astrocytes.</a> Development. 135 (1), 145-157 (2008).</li><li>Novak, A., Guo, C., Yang, W., Nagy, A., Lobe, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Z/EG,+a+double+reporter+mouse+line+that+expresses+enhanced+green+fluorescent+protein+upon+Cre-mediated+excision.">Z/EG, a double reporter mouse line that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein upon Cre-mediated excision.</a> Genesis. 28 (3-4), 147-155 (2000).</li><li>Soriano, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generalized+lacZ+expression+with+the+ROSA26+Cre+reporter+strain.">Generalized lacZ expression with the ROSA26 Cre reporter strain.</a> Nature Genetics. 21 (1), 70-71 (1999).</li><li>Hirrlinger, P. G., Scheller, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+reef+coral+fluorescent+proteins+in+the+central+nervous+system+of+transgenic+mice.">Expression of reef coral fluorescent proteins in the central nervous system of transgenic mice.</a> Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 30 (3), 291-303 (2005).</li><li>Nave, K. -. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelination+and+support+of+axonal+integrity+by+glia.">Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia.</a> Nature. 468 (7321), 244-252 (2010).</li><li>Rivers, L. E., Young, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDGFRA/NG2+glia+generate+myelinating+oligodendrocytes+and+piriform+projection+neurons+in+adult+mice.">PDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 11 (12), 1392-1401 (2008).</li><li>Dimou, L., Simon, C., Kirchhoff, F., Takebayashi, H., Gotz, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progeny+of+Olig2-expressing+progenitors+in+the+gray+and+white+matter+of+the+adult+mouse+cerebral+cortex.">Progeny of Olig2-expressing progenitors in the gray and white matter of the adult mouse cerebral cortex.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (41), 10434-10442 (2008).</li><li>Kang, S. H., Fukaya, M., Yang, J. K., Rothstein, J. D., Bergles, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NG2++CNS+glial+progenitors+remain+committed+to+the+oligodendrocyte+lineage+in+postnatal+life+and+following+neurodegeneration.">NG2+ CNS glial progenitors remain committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage in postnatal life and following neurodegeneration.</a> Neuron. 68 (4), 668-681 (2010).</li><li>Ioannidou, K., Anderson, K. I., Strachan, D., Edgar, J. M., Barnett, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-lapse+imaging+of+the+dynamics+of+CNS+glial-axonal+interactions+in+vitro+and+ex+vivo.">Time-lapse imaging of the dynamics of CNS glial-axonal interactions in vitro and ex vivo.</a> PloS one. 7 (1), e30775 (2012).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., Baulieu, E. E., Schumacher, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone+increases+oligodendroglial+cell+proliferation+in+rat+cerebellar+slice+cultures.">Progesterone increases oligodendroglial cell proliferation in rat cerebellar slice cultures.</a> Neuroscience. 135 (1), 47-58 (2005).</li><li>Azim, K., Butt, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GSK3&#946;+negatively+regulates+oligodendrocyte+differentiation+and+myelination+in+vivo.">GSK3&#946; negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in vivo.</a> Glia. 59 (4), 540-553 (2011).</li><li>Hussain, R., El-Etr, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone+and+nestorone+facilitate+axon+remyelination:+a+role+for+progesterone+receptors.">Progesterone and nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: a role for progesterone receptors.</a> Endocrinology. 152 (10), 3820-3831 (2011).</li><li>Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G., Stelzer, E. H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+third+dimension+bridges+the+gap+between+cell+culture+and+live+tissue.">The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue.</a> Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (10), 839-845 (2007).</li><li>Lubetzki, C., Demerens, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Even+in+culture,+oligodendrocytes+myelinate+solely+axons.">Even in culture, oligodendrocytes myelinate solely axons.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (14), 6820-6824 (1993).</li><li>Demerens, C., Stankoff, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+myelination+in+the+central+nervous+system+by+electrical+activity.">Induction of myelination in the central nervous system by electrical activity.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (18), 9887-9892 (1996).</li><li>Wood, P. M., Bunge, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+that+sensory+axons+are+mitogenic+for+Schwann+cells.">Evidence that sensory axons are mitogenic for Schwann cells.</a> Nature. 256 (5519), 662-664 (1975).</li><li>Stevens, B., Tanner, S., Fields, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+myelination+by+specific+patterns+of+neural+impulses.">Control of myelination by specific patterns of neural impulses.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (22), 9303-9311 (1998).</li><li>Stevens, B., Porta, S., Haak, L. L., Gallo, V., Fields, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adenosine:+a+neuron-glial+transmitter+promoting+myelination+in+the+CNS+in+response+to+action+potentials.">Adenosine: a neuron-glial transmitter promoting myelination in the CNS in response to action potentials.</a> Neuron. 36 (5), 855-868 (2002).</li><li>Wake, H., Lee, P. R., Fields, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+local+protein+synthesis+and+initial+events+in+myelination+by+action+potentials.">Control of local protein synthesis and initial events in myelination by action potentials.</a> Science. 333 (6049), 1647-1651 (2011).</li><li>Rosenberg, S. S., Kelland, E. E., Tokar, E., De la Torre, A. R., Chan, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+geometric+and+spatial+constraints+of+the+microenvironment+induce+oligodendrocyte+differentiation.">The geometric and spatial constraints of the microenvironment induce oligodendrocyte differentiation.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (38), 14662-14667 (2008).</li></ol>

Mielinização no sistema nervoso central é essencial para a comunicação neuronal e sobrevivência eficiente axonal 22. Células NG2 gerar continuamente oligodendrócitos myelinating para a idade adulta, mantendo uma população residente na maioria das regiões do cérebro 16,23 - 25. Alguns mecanismos genéticos e moleculares que regulam a diferenciação destas células foram descritas, mas ainda há muito a ser descoberto. Culturas fatia organotï¿½icas são uma ferramenta conveniente para...

Culturas fatia Organoytpic do sistema nervoso central têm provado ser extremamente útil para o estudo do neurônio e da biologia de células gliais em um sistema semiintact 1-4. Estas culturas são relativamente simples de adoptar e reter muitos benefícios de culturas dissociadas de células primárias, tal como a manipulação do ambiente extracelular e de fácil acesso para a imagem de células vivas repetida a longo prazo e registos electrofisiolicos 5-9. Além disso, as culturas de fatias manter citoarquitetura tecido 3-dimensional, conectividade neuronal regional, e a maioria dos tipos de células principais estão presentes no sistema. Estas propriedades fazem essas culturas um sistema único e conveniente para investigar o comportamento de uma única célula e fisiologia com interações celulares e ambientais. NG2 células são uma população de células da glia do sistema nervoso central dos mamíferos que continuam a proliferar e gerar myelinating oligodendrócitos durante embrionário e pós-natal de desenvolvimento 10. Eles têm sido extensivamente estudados em culturas de células primárias dissociadas, e o desenvolvimento recente de linhas de ratinhos transgénicos com expressão específica para células NG2 de proteínas fluorescentes em facilitou o mapeamento destino in vivo e registos electrofisiolicos em preparações de fatias agudas. Mesmo com esses estudos, pouco se sabe sobre a dinâmica da proliferação de células NG2 e diferenciação de oligodendrócitos. Embora a cultura de células dissociadas é amplamente utilizado para a relativa facilidade em manipulações farmacológicas e genéticas, que não é adequado para a interrogação diferenças funcionais destas células em diferentes regiões cerebrais particularmente quando é desejável manter o contexto do microambiente celular. Culturas de fatias proporcionar uma alternativa simples, que é passível de manipulações farmacológicas e têm sido utilizados para investigar a mielinização 11,12 oligodendrócitos, célulaular resposta após lisolecitina (LPC) ou anticorpo desmielinização 13,14, e indução de remielinização por meio do tratamento farmacológico 15. Um método para investigar e realizar imagem ao vivo e tecido fixo (ou postfixation) análise da proliferação celular e diferenciação NG2 oligodendrócitos em culturas organotípicas de fatias retiradas quer do cérebro anterior e do cerebelo é descrito. Este é um método poderoso que pode ser utilizado para estudar o destino da célula de células NG2 individuais após divisão 16 e para descobrir diferenças região-e dependente da idade, do factor de crescimento NG2 induzida a proliferação de células 17. Esta técnica relativamente simples é amplamente acessível para investigar celular intrínseca e / ou ambiental mecanismos que regulam a fisiologia destas células gliais e sua resposta à atividade neuronal ou danos mielina.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Slice Culture Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minimum Essential Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11090</td>
			<td>50%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14175</td>
			<td>25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H-4034</td>
			<td>25mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td>1mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I6634</td>
			<td>1mg/L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-0278</td>
			<td>0.4mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30074.03</td>
			<td>25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Titrate to pH 7.22 with NaOH, filter with bottle top filter, and store at 4 degrees Celsius</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dissection Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td>124mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td>3.004mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td>1.25mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7506</td>
			<td>4.004mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2 2H2O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td>2mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td>26mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021</td>
			<td>10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-0278</td>
			<td>2.0mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4036</td>
			<td>0.075mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Filter with bottle top filter and store at 4 degrees Celsius, oxygenate with 95%O2 5%CO2 before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Other Reagents and Supplies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-hydroxy tamoxifen (4OHT)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H7904</td>
			<td>100nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>EM Sciences</td>
			<td>19200</td>
			<td>4%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L-6027</td>
			<td>0.1M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Metaperiodate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S-1878</td>
			<td>0.01M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti NG2 antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon (Millipore)</td>
			<td>AB5320</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti CC1 antibody</td>
			<td>Calbiochem (Millipore)</td>
			<td>OP80</td>
			<td>1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti Ki67 antibody</td>
			<td>Vision Biosystems</td>
			<td>NCL-Ki67-MM1</td>
			<td>1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti NeuN antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon (Millipore)</td>
			<td>MAB377</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Species specific secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Goat Serum (NGS)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millicell culture membrane inserts 0.45&#956;m pore size</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PICM03050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bottle top filters</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-740-25E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95% O2 5% CO2 gas mix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile six well plates</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting (hippocampal) or weighing spatulas</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual or automatic tissue chopper</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blades</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable transfer pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35mm and 60mm sterile Petri dishes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Phase Microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar Flow Hood</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Culture Incubator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Fluorescence Microcope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

organotypic slice cultures to study oligodendrocyte dynamics and myelination

As células que expressam NG2 (polydendrocytes, células precursoras de oligodendrócitos) são a quarta maior população de células da glia do sistema nervoso central. Durante o desenvolvimento embrionário e pós-natal eles ativamente proliferar e gerar oligodendrócitos myelinating. Estas células têm sido vulgarmente estudada em culturas dissociadas de neurónios primárias, co-culturas, e em tecido fixado. Utilizando linhas de ratinhos transgénicos fatia recentemente disponíveis sistemas de cultura pode ser utilizado para investigar a proliferação e diferenciação de células da linhagem de oligodendrócitos em ambas as regiões de matéria cinzenta e branca do cérebro anterior e do cerebelo. Culturas de fatias são preparadas a partir de ratos pós-natais precoces e são mantidas em cultura durante 1 mês. Estas fatias podem ser fotografada várias vezes ao longo do período de cultura para investigar o comportamento celular e interações. Este método permite a visualização de divisão celular NG2 e os passos que levam à diferenciação de oligodendrócitos, enquanto permitindo uma análise detalhada da região, dependement células NG2 e oligodendrócitos heterogeneidade funcional. Esta é uma técnica poderosa que pode ser utilizada para investigar os sinais intrínsecas e extrínsecas que influenciam estas células ao longo do tempo em um ambiente celular que se assemelha ao que se encontra in vivo.

Exemplos de dados representativos são dadas abaixo que foram obtidos utilizando culturas fatia de ambos parte frontal do cérebro e cerebelo de P8 NG2cre: ZEG, NG2creER: YFP e PLPDsRed linhas de camundongos transgênicos. Células NG2 pode ser trabalhada ao longo de dias em fatias do cérebro anterior e cerebelo (Figura 1B-D, Vídeo 1) e o fenótipo destas células pode ser determinado após fixação e coloração imunológica com anticorpos NG2 e CC1 (Figura 1E). Além de viver de im...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination at JoVE.com

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Culturas Organotípicas fatia para Estudar Oligodendrocyte Dynamics e Myelination

A technique to study NG2 cells and oligodendrocytes using a slice culture system of the forebrain and cerebellum is described. This method allows examination of the dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of cells within the oligodendrocyte lineage where the extracellular environment can be easily manipulated while maintaining tissue cytoarchitecture.

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

The Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Culture Model for Examining Neuronal Injury

O modelo de Cultura organotípicas Hippocampal Slice para o exame das lesões neuronais

Organotypic hippocampal slice culture is an in vitro method to examine mechanisms of neuronal injury in which the basic architecture and composition of ...

Neurociência

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Organotípicas Hippocampal Culturas Slice

The hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation 1. Hippocampal neurons can modify the ...

Organotypic Cerebellar Cultures: Apoptotic Challenges and Detection

Organotípicas Culturas Cerebelar: Desafios Apoptotic e Detecção

Organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by Hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience. ...

Whole Cell Recording from an Organotypic Slice Preparation of Neocortex

Gravação de células inteiras a partir de uma preparação Slice organotípicas de Neocortex

We have been studying the expression and functional roles of voltage-gated potassium channels in pyramidal neurons from rat neocortex.  Because of the ...

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

Multieletrodos Recordings Array of Avalanches Neuronal em culturas organotípicas

The cortex is spontaneously active, even in the absence of any particular input or motor output.  During development, this activity is important for the ...

Derivation of Enriched Oligodendrocyte Cultures and Oligodendrocyte/Neuron Myelinating Co-cultures from Post-natal Murine Tissues

Derivação de Enriquecido Culturas oligodendroglial e Neuron / oligodendroglial Myelinating Co-culturas de tecidos pós-natais murino

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

Organotípicas culturas de mesencéfalo ventral Slice Embrionárias: Um Sistema para o Estudo de Desenvolvimento Neuronal dopaminérgicos In vitro</em

The  mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due  to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the ...

The Analysis of Purkinje Cell Dendritic Morphology in Organotypic Slice Cultures

A Análise de Purkinje Morfologia de células dendríticas em Culturas fatia organotípicas

Purkinje cells are an attractive model system for studying dendritic development, because they have an impressive dendritic tree which is strictly ...

The Analysis of Neurovascular Remodeling in Entorhino-hippocampal Organotypic Slice Cultures

A Análise de Neurovascular Remodelação em Entorhino-hipocampal culturas Organotípicas Fatia

Ischemic brain injury is among the most common and devastating conditions compromising proper brain function and often leads to persisting functional ...

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures As a Model to Study Neuroprotection and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells

Organotypic fatias Hippocampal culturas como um modelo para estudo neuroproteção e invasão de células tumorais

In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), the morphological and functional characteristics of both neurons and glial cells are well preserved. ...