Name: molecular entanglement and electrospinnability of biopolymers
Uploaded: 2014-09-03T15:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers at JoVE.com

这项工作是由美国农业部国家研究所的粮食和农业，国家竞争力的资助计划，国家研究计划项目71.1 2007年度部分资金作为批准号：2007-35503-18392和美国国立卫生研究院，研究院过敏和传染病，R33AI94514-03。

1，纺丝原液的制备<ol><li>准备进行调查一系列生物聚合物的浓度（0.1％〜30％，W / V），并一定要考虑生物​​聚合物粉末在这些计算中的水分含量。对于每个浓度，称量该生物聚合物（淀粉或支链淀粉）的粉末置于50ml试管中。添加水二甲基亚砜（DMSO）溶液和搅拌棒。 </li><li>将管子放入沸水与磁力搅拌器加热板不断搅拌。 </li><li>经过约1小时，熄火并允许该分散冷却至室温。分散体，然后准备?...

<ol>
	<li>Greiner, A., Wendorff, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+self-assembled+nanofibers+by+electrospinning.">Functional self-assembled nanofibers by electrospinning.</a> Self-aseembled nanomaterials. 1, 107-171 (2008).</li><li>Ramakrishna, S., Fujihara, K., Teo, W. E., Lim, T. C., Ma, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers. , (2005).</li><li>Klossner, R. R., Queen, H. A., Coughlin, A. J., Krause, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlation+of+Chitosan&#8217;s+Rheological+Properties+and+Its+Ability+to+Electrospin.">Correlation of Chitosan&#8217;s Rheological Properties and Its Ability to Electrospin.</a> Biomacromolecules. 9 (10), 2947-2953 (2008).</li><li>McKee, M. G., Wilkes, G. L., Colby, R. H., Long, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correlations+of+Solution+Rheology+with+Electrospun+Fiber+Formation+of+Linear+and+Branched+Polyesters.">Correlations of Solution Rheology with Electrospun Fiber Formation of Linear and Branched Polyesters.</a> Macromolecules. 37 (5), 1760-1767 (2004).</li><li>McKee, M. G., Hunley, M. T., Layman, J. M., Long, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solution+rheological+behavior+and+electrospinning+of+cationic+polyelectrolytes.">Solution rheological behavior and electrospinning of cationic polyelectrolytes.</a> Macromolecules. 39 (2), 575-583 (2006).</li><li>Kong, L., Ziegler, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+pure+starch+fibers+by+electrospinning.">Fabrication of pure starch fibers by electrospinning.</a> Food Hydrocolloids. 36, 20-25 (2014).</li><li>Singh, R. S., Saini, G. K., Kennedy, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pullulan:+microbial+sources,+production+and+applications.">Pullulan: microbial sources, production and applications.</a> Carbohydrate Polymers. 73 (4), 515-531 (2008).</li><li>Leathers, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biotechnological+production+and+applications+of+pullulan.">Biotechnological production and applications of pullulan.</a> Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 62 (5), 468-473 (2003).</li><li>Karim, M. R., Lee, H. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+characterization+of+electrospun+pullulan/montmorillonite+nanofiber+mats+in+aqueous+solution.">Preparation and characterization of electrospun pullulan/montmorillonite nanofiber mats in aqueous solution.</a> Carbohydrate Polymers. 78 (2), 336-342 (2009).</li><li>Stijnman, A. C., Bodnar, I., Hans Tromp, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrospinning+of+food-grade+polysaccharides.">Electrospinning of food-grade polysaccharides.</a> Food Hydrocolloids. 25 (5), 1393-1398 (2011).</li><li>Kong, L., Ziegler, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+molecular+entanglements+in+starch+fiber+formation+by+electrospinning.">Role of molecular entanglements in starch fiber formation by electrospinning.</a> Biomacromolecules. 13 (8), 2247-2253 (2012).</li><li>Kong, L., Ziegler, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rheological+aspects+in+fabricating+pullulan+fibers+by+electro-wet-spinning.">Rheological aspects in fabricating pullulan fibers by electro-wet-spinning.</a> Food Hydrocolloids. 38, 220-226 (2014).</li><li>Han, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fiber Spinning Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 2: Polymer Processing. , 257-304 (2007).</li><li>Morris, E. R., Cutler, A. N., Ross-Murphy, S. B., Rees, D. A., Price, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concentration+and+shear+rate+dependence+of+viscosity+in+random+coil+polysaccharide+solutions.">Concentration and shear rate dependence of viscosity in random coil polysaccharide solutions.</a> Carbohydrate Polymers. 1 (1), 5-21 (1981).</li><li>Thompson, C. J., Chase, G. G., Yarin, A. L., Reneker, D. 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流变学是研究聚合物，包括常规纤维纺丝和静电13的处理的一个重要工具。从稳态剪 ​​切流变学研究，聚合物的构象和它们在不同溶剂中的相互作用可以得到解决（ 图2和3）。在浓度不够高的生物聚合物分子彼此重叠，它们的浓度依赖性为1.4左右（ 图3），这是与其它聚合物的良溶剂3,4报道值相符。经过生物聚合物分子开始纠缠，具体粘度?...

静电纺丝是一种技术，其能够从各种各样的材料生产连续微纳米级纤维。它已经获得了越来越多的学术和产业的利益1。虽然设置和静电的做法看似简单，预测electrospinnability和控制纤维性能的能力仍然是一个挑战。其原因可能在于这一事实有影响的电纺丝过程2和过程，特别是由光纤行进的路径，是混沌1许多因素。往往是经验的“煮和 - 看”的方法，用于筛选潜在electrospinnable材料。然而，为了更好地控制电纺丝过程和所得纤维的性能，支配electrospinnability所需的机制的一个更完整的理解。一些研究人员已经发现，在纺丝原液的聚合物的分子缠结是一个essentia升前提成功的静电3-5。 流变学是一个强大的工具来探测分子构象和互动的聚合物分散体。例如，McKee 等 。研究了线性的含有氯仿/对苯二甲酸二甲酯（7:3，V / V）的分子构象和支链聚（对苯二甲酸乙二酯 - 共 - 间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）的共聚物在溶剂中，并确定该聚合物的浓度必须是2-2.5x纠缠浓度为成功的静电4。 有从的，因为它们的生物降解性，生物相容性和可再生相，以对比它们的合成的对应的优点的生物聚合物在纤维目前新的兴趣。然而，从业者面临来自其结构的复杂性，难以热加工和差的机械性能一般产生许多挑战。淀粉，植物组织中发现，是阿蒙G于地球上最丰富和廉价的生物聚合物。纯淀粉纤维的使用电-湿式纺丝装置最近被描述6制成。普鲁兰多糖是由某种细菌细胞外产生的线性多糖。 （1→4）和（1→6） ​​经常交替糖苷键被认为是负责支链淀粉的几个独特的性质，包括优异的纤维/薄膜形成能力7,8。从水分散体的支链淀粉的纤维的静电纺丝已经报道了许多研究者9,10。在我们先前的出版物中，两个生物聚合物，淀粉11和支链淀粉12 electrospinnability，已经讨论过。本报告侧重于展示协议利用流变学原理，这两种生物聚合物的electrospinnability的调查。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="762">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Gelose 80 starch</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Ingredion</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used as it is</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Pullulan</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Hayashibara Co. Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used as it is</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dimethyl Sulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">BDH Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BDH1115-4LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">89125-172</td>
			<td>200 proof</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:253px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Rheometer</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ARES&#160;</td>
			<td>50 mm cone and plate geometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Syringe (10 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309604</td>
			<td>Syringe with Luer-Lok&#174; Tip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">High voltage generator</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Gamma High Voltage Research, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ES40P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Syringe pump</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Hamilton Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">81620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Environmental scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">FEI Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Quanta 200</td>
			<td>for starch fibers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Environmental scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Phenom-World</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Phenom G2 Pro</td>
			<td>for pullulan fibers</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

molecular entanglement and electrospinnability of biopolymers

静电是一种令人着迷的技术制造微纳米级纤维的各种材料。为生物聚合物，在纺丝原液的构成聚合物的分子缠结被发现是成功的静电纺丝的基本先决条件。流变学是一个强大的工具来探测生物聚合物的分子构象和互动。在本报告中，我们证明了协议用于利用流变学来评价两种生物聚合物，淀粉和支链淀粉的electrospinnability，从他们的二甲亚砜（DMSO）/水分散液。良好的淀粉和普鲁兰多糖纤维中的亚微米到微米范围内的平均直径分别获得。 Electrospinnability通过肉眼和显微镜观察所形成的纤维进行评价。通过关联分散到其electrospinnability的流变学特性，我们证明了分子构象，分子的缠结和剪切粘度都影响选rospinning。流变不仅是有用的溶剂体系的选择和过程的优化，而且还了解的纤维形成的机制在分子水平上。

得到的生物聚合物的分散体作为生物聚合物的浓度和溶剂的DMSO浓度的函数的流动曲线。两种有代表性的图显示的淀粉（ 图2A）和支链淀粉（ 图2B）的流动曲线，作为其浓度在纯的DMSO溶剂的功能。特定粘度作图对生物聚合物的浓度（ 图3A为淀粉和图3B为支链淀粉）。从这些曲线，缠结浓度得到的半稀释非缠结和亚浓缠结制度的拟合线的截距。 <p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers at JoVE.com

Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers

静电是用来从各种材料制作的微纳米级纤维的迷人的技术。在纺丝液的构成聚合物的分子缠结是成功的电纺丝是必不可少的。我们提出了一个协议，利用流变评估两个生物聚合物，淀粉的支链淀粉的electrospinnability。

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