Name: in vitro synthesis of modified mrna for induction of protein expression in human cells
Uploaded: 2014-11-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells at JoVE.com

Bu proje Baden-Württemberg, Almanya&#39;nın Avrupa Sosyal Fonları tarafından finanse edildi.

Gerekli olan DNA dizinlerini Kodlama içeren plazmidlerin 1. Büyütme (CDS) <ol><li> Ön oda sıcaklığına getirilmiş ve dönüşüm kiti dahildir SOC ortamında, 37 ° C&#39;de 100 ug / ml ampisilin ihtiva eden LB agar plakaları. 42 ° C su banyosu dengeye getirin. </li><li> Kimyasal bileşen E bir şişe çözülme buz üzerinde coli. </li><li> Kimyasal bileşen E. şişe içine CDS içeren plazmidin 1-5 ul (100 ng, 10 pg) ekleyin coli ve hafifçe karıştırın. Pipetleme h?...

<ol>
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MRNA, tedavi rejeneratif tıpta, hastalıkların ve aşı tedavisi alanında büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu video, hücrelerdeki protein ifadesinin endüksiyonu için bir stabilize edilmiş, modifiye mRNA&#39;nın üretmektedirler. Bu protokol kullanılarak, istenen diğer mRNA oluşturulabilir. Modifiye edilmiş mRNA in vitro sentez hedef proteinlerin sentezlenmesinin uyarılması için arzu edilen mRNA ile hücrelerin transfeksiyonu sağlar. Ekzojen olarak teslim mRNA tamamen indirgendi kadar Böylece, ...

Hücrelerde, haberci RNA transkripsiyon (mRNA) ve istenen mRNA&#39;nın proteinlere aşağıdaki çeviri hücrelerin düzgün işleyişini sağlamak. Kalıtsal veya sonradan kazanılmış genetik bozukluklar proteinlerin yetersiz ve işlevsiz sentezine yol ve şiddetli hastalıklara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, eksik ya da kusurlu protein üretimini uyarmak için yeni bir tedavi yaklaşımı hücreler içine mRNA, değiştirilmiş sentetik eksojen dağıtım, istenilen protein için kodları. Böylece, hücreler normal olarak üretemez ya da doğal olarak ihtiyaç olan fonksiyonel proteinleri sentezlenmesi için tetiklenir. Bu yaklaşım kullanılarak, genetik bozukluklar mRNA&#39;nın katılmasıyla çözülebildiğini bozuk veya eksik protein 1 kodlar. MRNA, tedavi aynı zamanda tümör hücrelerinin ya da patojen uyarıcılar tarafından ifade edilen proteini antijenleri ile sentezlemek için aşılama için kullanılabilir. Böylece, konak bağışıklık sistemi tümör hücrelerini etkili bir şekilde ortadan kaldıracak ya INFE önlemek için etkinleştirilebilirseksiyonlar 2,3. Bundan başka, son yıllarda, mRNA, başarılı bir şekilde uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin (iPSCs) üretmek için kullanıldı. Bu amaçla, fibroblastlar yeniden programlama için sentezleme 4-6 faktörleri uyarılması için ve rejeneratif tıpta büyük bir potansiyele sahip iPSCs bunları dönüştürmek için mRNA ile transfekte edilmiştir. Daha önce, bilinen mRNA kullanımı, düşük stabilite ve güçlü immünojenite ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, geleneksel bir mRNA klinik uygulamalar ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Kariko ve arkadaşları tarafından mRNA molekülü içinde 5-metilsitidin ve pseudouridine ile sitidin ve üridin yerine biyolojik sıvılar içinde kararlı mRNA moleküllerini hale getirilir ve önemli ölçüde artık tadil edilmiş mRNA&#39;ların klinik uygulanabilirliği karşılaştırın immün aktivasyonu, 7-10, azaltmıştır. Sentetik olarak üretilen tadil edilmiş mRNA&#39;ların kullanarak, istenen gen transkript geçici olarak in vivo 11 teslim edilebilirya da in vitro protein ifadesini uyarmak için. İlave edilen mRNA, hücre nakil mekanizması tarafından fizyolojik koşullar altında çevrilmiştir. Nedeniyle Viral gene terapi vektörleri göre konakçı hücre genomuna entegrasyon eksikliği, onkojenez riski 12,13 önlenir. Böylece, modifiye sentetik mRNA kullanılarak tedavi gelecekte daha iyi klinik kabul alırsınız. Burada, modifiye mRNA üretiminde (Şekil 1) mRNA ile hücreler ve transfekte hücrelerde protein ifade değerlendirilmesi, transfeksiyon için detaylı bir protokol açıklar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1058">
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Cell culture</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM, high glucose</td>
			<td>PAA</td>
			<td>E15-009</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FBS</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">PAA</td>
			<td>P11-010</td>
			<td>100x</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>PAA</td>
			<td>M11-004</td>
			<td>200 mM</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DPBS without calcium and magnesium&#160;</td>
			<td>PAA</td>
			<td>E15-002</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.04% Trypsin / 0.03% EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Promocell</td>
			<td>C-41020</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">TNS</td>
			<td>Promocell</td>
			<td>C-41120</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">Trypsin Neutralizing Solution, 0.05% trypsin inhibitor in 0.1% BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEK-293 cells</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-1573</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Consumables</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture plates, 12-well&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Cell culture flask (75 cm2)&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430641</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:295px;">DNase-and RNase-free 1.5 ml sterile microcentrifuge tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030 121.589</td>
			<td>Safe-Lock, Biopur</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 ml conical tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:295px;">PCR clean and sterile epT.I.P.S. dualfilter pipette tips&#160;</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:172px;">10 &#181;l: 022491202,&#160;&#160;&#160; 100 &#181;l: 022491237, 1000 &#181;l: 022491253</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cryovial</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>122279-128</td>
			<td>Cryo.s&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:295px;">14 ml polypropylene round bottom tube for bacterial culture&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352059</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plasmid amplification and purification</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pcDNA 3.3_eGFP Plasmid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>26822</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:295px;">One Shot Top10 chemically component Escherichia coli&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>C4040-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;">Sterile water (Ampuwa)</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td>1636071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">LB medium (Luria/Miller)&#160;</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>X968.1</td>
			<td>Dissolve 25 g l-1 in sterile water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">LB agar (Luria/Miller)&#160;</td>
			<td>Carl Roth</td>
			<td>X969.1</td>
			<td>Dissolve 40 g l-1 in sterile water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ampicillin Ready Made Solution</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5354</td>
			<td>100 mg/ml&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G2025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mRNA production</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HotStar HiFidelity Polymerase Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>202602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">QIAquick PCR Purification Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MEGAscript T7 Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AM1334</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5-Methylcytidine-5&#180;-triphosphate&#160;</td>
			<td>Trilink</td>
			<td>N1014</td>
			<td>5-Methyl-CTP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pseudouridine-5&#180;-triphosphate&#160;</td>
			<td>Trilink</td>
			<td>N1019</td>
			<td>Pseudo-UTP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:295px;">3&#180;-O-Me-m7G(5&#180;)ppp(5`)G RNA cap structure analog&#160;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>S1411L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RiboLock RNase Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>EO0381</td>
			<td>40 U/&#181;l&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TURBO DNase</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AM1334</td>
			<td>2 U/&#181;l (from MEGAscript T7 Kit)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Antarctic phosphatase&#160;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>MO289S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNeasy mini kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>74104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNaseZap solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AM9780</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Transfection</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11668-019</td>
			<td>Cationic lipid transfection reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Media&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11058-021</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">Improved Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) with&#160; reduced Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) supplementation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gel electrophoresis</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Agarose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gelred Nucleic Acid Gel Stain</td>
			<td>Biotium</td>
			<td>41003</td>
			<td>10,000x in water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">peqGOLD Range Mix DNA-Ladder&#160;</td>
			<td>Peqlab</td>
			<td>25-2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.5-10 kb RNA Ladder&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15623-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1x TBE buffer</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Flow cytometry analyses</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CellFIX (1x)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>340181</td>
			<td>10x concentrate&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:295px;">Primer for insert amplification and&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; poly (T) tail PCR</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Forward Primer (HPLC-grade) 10 &#181;M</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Ella Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td>5&#180;-TTGGACCCTCGTACAGAAGCTAATACG-3&#180;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Reverse Primer (HPLC-grade) 10 &#181;M</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Ella Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td>5&#180;- T120-CTTCCTACTCAGGCTTTATTCAAAGACCA-3&#180;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:295px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Cell incubator</td>
			<td>Binder</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td>CO2 (5%) and O2 (20%)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CASY cell counter&#160;</td>
			<td>Sch&#228;rfe System</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;">Sterile workbench&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">BDK Luft-und Reinraumtecknik GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bacterial incubator&#160;</td>
			<td>Incutec</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Water bath</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ScanDrop spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Analytic Jena</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR thermocycler&#160;</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vortex</td>
			<td>peqlab</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thermomixer</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gel apparatus for electrophoresis&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gel documentation system&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FACScan System&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluorescence microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phase-contrast microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro synthesis of modified mrna for induction of protein expression in human cells

İstenilen hücrelerinde protein sentezinin endüksiyonu için sentetik mesajcı RNA (mRNA) kodlama eksojen dağıtım rejeneratif tıpta, temel hücre biyolojisi, hastalıkların tedavisi ve hücrelerin yeniden programlanmasının alanlarında büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Burada, akış sitometrisi ile indüklenmiş protein ekspresyonu azaltılmış immün aktivasyon potansiyeli ve stabilitesi arttırılmış üretilen mRNA kalite kontrolü, hücrelerin transfeksiyonu mRNA ile ve test modifiye mRNA&#39;nın üretimi için aşamalı protokolde bir adım tarif eder. EGFP mRNA ile tek bir transfeksiyon sonrasında 3 güne kadar, transfekte edilmiş HEK293 hücreleri eGFP üretir. Bu video makalede, EGFP mRNA sentezi bir örnek olarak tarif edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu prosedür, diğer arzu edilen mRNA&#39;nın üretilmesi için uygulanabilir. MRNA, modifiye edilmiş sentetik kullanarak hücreleri geçici olarak normalde eksprese olmaz arzu edilen proteinleri eksprese etmek için uyarılan edilebilir.

EGFP CD içeren pcDNA 3.3 plasmidi kullanılarak, tadil edilmiş eGFP mRNA sentezi (Şekil 1) kurulmuştur. PCR ile uç amplifikasyon ve poli T-atık sonra, yaklaşık 1100 bp uzunluktaki temiz bir bant (Şekil 2) tespit edilir. MRNA (Şekil 3) verimi IVT zaman Artırılmış artırılması. IVT sonra, yaklaşık 1100 bp uzunluğunda bir açık mRNA bandı üretilecek EGFP mRNA&#39;nın uzunluğu (Şekil 4) tekabül edecek şekilde tespit edilmiştir. <...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells at JoVE.com

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

In vitro sentezi insan hücrelerinde protein sentezlenmesinin uyarımından için mRNA&#39;nın Değiştirilmiş

Bu video makalede, hücrelerdeki protein ekspresyon indüksiyonu için modifiye edilmiş mRNA in vitro sentezini tarif eder.

The exogenous delivery of coding synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) for induction of protein synthesis in desired cells has enormous potential in the fields ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

Staining of Proteins in Gels with Coomassie G-250 without Organic Solvent and Acetic Acid

Organik Solvent ve Asetik Asit olmadan Jeller Coomassie G-250 ile Proteinlerin Boyama

In classical protein staining protocols using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB), solutions with high contents of toxic and flammable organic solvents ...

Purification of the M. magneticum Strain AMB-1 Magnetosome Associated Protein MamA&Delta;41

Purification of the M. magneticum Strain AMB-1 Magnetosome Associated Protein MamAÃƒÅ½Ã¢â‚¬Â41

Saflaştırılması M. magneticum Deformasyon AMB-1 Magnetosome İlişkili Protein MamAΔ41

Magnetotactic bacteria comprise a diverse group of aquatic microorganisms that are able to orientate themselves along geomagnetic fields. This behavior is ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Active T. in vitro Sulandırma castaneum Telomeraz

Efforts to isolate the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in sufficient quantities for structural studies, have been met with limited success for more ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

Küçük Molekül İndüksiyon Pluripotent İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri İnsan Kardiyak Öncüleri ve kardiyomiyositlerde Verimli türetilmesi

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Ribozom Bağlı Doğan Polipeptitler İzolasyonu<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; MRNA boyunca Translasyonel Duraklat Siteleri Belirleme

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Sendai-virüs ile İnsan Somatik Verimli Üretimi İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Kantitatif RT-PCR ile Bireysel İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri profilleme

Heterogeneity of stem cell population hampers detailed understanding of stem cell biology, such as their differentiation propensity toward different ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Ününüz Aşağıdaki Tek Hücre Düzeyinde Küresel RNA Sentezi Analizi

Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...

siRNA Screening to Identify Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like System Regulators of Biological Pathways in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Kültür Memeli Hücrelerde Biyolojik tanımında ubikitin ve Ubiquitin benzeri Sistemi Regülatörleri tanımak siRNA Eleme

Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules (UBLs) is emerging as a dynamic cellular signaling network that ...

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Membran proteinlerinin Yeşil floresan proteini temelli Ekspresyon elemesinde<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and ...