Name: the attentional set shifting task: a measure of cognitive flexibility in mice
Uploaded: 2015-02-04T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice at JoVE.com

Denne forskning blev støttet af tilskud R01-MH090127, P30-MH089868 fra National Institute of Mental Health og tildeling nummer UL1TR001120 fra National Center for Fremme Translationelle Sciences. Indholdet er alene forfatternes ansvar og repræsenterer ikke nødvendigvis de officielle synspunkter NIMH eller NCATS. Derudover vil vi gerne takker Dr. David Morilak for hans værdifulde ekspertise i at lede metodeudvikling tidligt.

BEMÆRK: Dyr anvendt i denne undersøgelse er mænd C57BL / 6J mus mellem 4 og 6 måneder for at opnå optimale resultater. Musene holdes på en omvendt lyscyklus med henblik på bekvemt at teste dem i den aktive (mørke) fase. Hvis adfærd udføres i et rum adskilt fra huset, mus tilladt mindst 1 time at akklimatisere efter transport til test værelse. Behavioral test udføres under rødt lys minimere forstyrrelser af den normale aktivitet af musene så lidt som muligt, mens det stadig tillader forsøgslederen tilstræ...

<ol>
	<li>Birrell, J. M., Brown, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Medial+frontal+cortex+mediates+perceptual+attentional+set+shifting+in+the+rat.">Medial frontal cortex mediates perceptual attentional set shifting in the rat.</a> J Neurosci. 20 (11), 4320-4324 (2000).</li><li>Garner, J. P., Thogerson, C. M., Wurbel, H., Murray, J. D., Mench, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+neuropsychology:+validation+of+the+Intra-Dimensional+Extra-Dimensional+set+shifting+task+for+mice.">Animal neuropsychology: validation of the Intra-Dimensional Extra-Dimensional set shifting task for mice.</a> Behav Brain Res. 173 (1), 53-61 (2006).</li><li>Nagahara, A. H., Bernot, T., Tuszynski, M. 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T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wisconsin+Card+Sorting+Test+performance+in+patients+with+focal+frontal+and+posterior+brain+damage:+effects+of+lesion+location+and+test+structure+on+separable+cognitive+processes.">Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes.</a> Neuropsychologia. 38 (4), 388-402 (2000).</li><li>Bissonette, G. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+dissociation+of+the+effects+of+medial+and+orbital+prefrontal+cortical+lesions+on+attentional+and+affective+shifts+in+mice.">Double dissociation of the effects of medial and orbital prefrontal cortical lesions on attentional and affective shifts in mice.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (44), 11124-11130 (2008).</li><li>Chase, E. A., Tait, D. S., Brown, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lesions+of+the+orbital+prefrontal+cortex+impair+the+formation+of+attentional+set+in+rats.">Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex impair the formation of attentional set in rats.</a> Eur J Neurosci. 36 (3), 2368-2375 (2012).</li><li>McAlonan, K., Brown, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orbital+prefrontal+cortex+mediates+reversal+learning+and+not+attentional+set+shifting+in+the+rat.">Orbital prefrontal cortex mediates reversal learning and not attentional set shifting in the rat.</a> Behav Brain Res. 146 (1-2), 97-103 (2003).</li><li>Dias, R., Robbins, T. W., Roberts, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primate+analogue+of+the+Wisconsin+Card+Sorting+Test:+effects+of+excitotoxic+lesions+of+the+prefrontal+cortex+in+the+marmoset.">Primate analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: effects of excitotoxic lesions of the prefrontal cortex in the marmoset.</a> Behav Neurosci. 110 (5), 872-886 (1996).</li><li>Bissonette, G. B., Powell, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversal+learning+and+attentional+set-shifting+in+mice.">Reversal learning and attentional set-shifting in mice.</a> Neuropharmacology. 62 (3), 1168-1174 (2012).</li><li>Colacicco, G., Welzl, H., Lipp, H. P., Wurbel, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attentional+set-shifting+in+mice:+modification+of+a+rat+paradigm,+and+evidence+for+strain-dependent+variation.">Attentional set-shifting in mice: modification of a rat paradigm, and evidence for strain-dependent variation.</a> Behav Brain Res. 132 (1), 95-102 (2002).</li><li>Kos, T., Nikiforuk, A., Rafa, D., Popik, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+NMDA+receptor+antagonists+on+attentional+set-shifting+task+performance+in+mice.">The effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on attentional set-shifting task performance in mice.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 214 (4), 911-921 (2011).</li><li>Tait, D. S., Chase, E. A., Brown, V. 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Underskud i kognitiv fleksibilitet medieret af PFC udgør en betydelig invaliditet forbundet med en række neurologiske og neuropsykiatriske lidelser, og kan have en stor indvirkning på resultaterne og livskvaliteten for personer, der lider af disse sygdomme. Optimering af AST til brug i mus er afgørende for at undersøge genetiske fundament i sygdomme koblet til præfrontale kortikale medieret kognitiv dysfunktion. Vi har fundet, at den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåde er en pålidelig måling af en specifik kognitiv...

Den opmærksomhedsgraden sæt skiftende opgave (AST) blev udviklet som et mål for opmærksomhed og kognitiv fleksibilitet i rotter over ti år siden 1,2. AST er modelleret efter den intradimensional / extradimensional komponent i Cambridge neuropsykologiske Test Automated Batteri (Cantab), som bruges til at identificere kognitiv dysfunktion hos mennesker og ikke-menneskelige primater 3,4. Mens evnen til at lære enkle regler forbliver intakt, til underskud i læring ændre et svar, når reglerne er ændret, er fundet i patienter, der lider af en række neuropsykiatriske lidelser (dvs., skizofreni, obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse, depression), neurodegenerative lidelser (dvs. Parkinsons sygdom) og hos patienter med læsioner i præ-frontale cortex 5. Mere generelt er disse patienter beskrives som havende underskud i kognitiv fleksibilitet. Analoge underskud er blevet vist i både primater og gnavere Hvis læsioner to den præfrontale cortex er blevet fremkaldt 1,6-8. Disse underskud indikerer en tilstand af kognitiv manglende fleksibilitet eller en nedsat evne til at flytte opmærksomhedsgraden sæt. En opmærksomhedsgraden sæt dannes, når et emne erfarer, at et regelsæt kan anvendes på komplekse stimuli for at differentiere relevante fra irrelevante signaler. For eksempel i AST, vil dyrene lære at være opmærksom og svare til den relevante cue (dvs. grave medium) og ignorere et irrelevant cue (dvs., lugt), ved at parre en foderbelønning med mediet. Denne forening derefter forstærket i de efterfølgende opgaver, hvor den type grave medium og lugt ændringer, men den parrede association mellem medium og belønning tilbage. Dette forstærkede regel danner en kognitiv sæt. To gange inden for de AST protokol måler aspekter af kognitiv fleksibilitet: vending og den ekstra-dimensionelle skift. Ved vending stadium, de tidligere negative stimuli inden for en dimensionellen (medium i dette eksempel) er nu positiv, hvilket udfordrer dyret til at ignorere de positive stimuli fra den foregående fase. For eksempel, hvis følte grave medium var de positive stimuli i den foregående etape og papir var de negative stimuli, nu det modsatte er tilfældet. Det udfordrer dyrets fleksibilitet i, at den skal opretholde den opmærksomhedskravet sæt (dvs. medium er den relevante dimension), mens ændre reglen lært for stimulus og belønning par i en dimension. Dannelsen af ​​en opmærksomhedsgraden sæt anfægtes ved den ekstra-dimensionelle skift scenen, når det irrelevante dimension (lugt i dette eksempel) bliver den relevante dimension. En perseverative reaktion, som angivet ved en fortsat valg ved hjælp af den tidligere lært regel, enten stadium afspejler et underskud i kognitiv fleksibilitet. Læsioner undersøgelser i både primater og gnavere har vist specifikke regioner i det præfrontale cortex kan tilskrives evnen til perfOrm særlige faser af AST 1,9. Læsioner til orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), har vist et underområde af den præfrontale cortex (PFC) for at inducere underskud i tilbageførsel læring på AST 8. Derudover læsioner til den mediale præfrontale cortex (MPFC) føre til særlige vanskeligheder i at udføre den ekstra-dimensionelle skift. Mens talrige undersøgelser ved hjælp af AST er udført på rotter og ikke-menneskelige primater, har relativt få udnyttet AST som et mål for kognitiv funktion hos mus. I betragtning af den lethed af genmanipulation i mus, og det afgørende behov for at måle præfrontale cortex funktion i at studere en række lidelser, tilpasning og validering denne adfærdsmæssige foranstaltning i mus er et vigtigt supplement til forskning i sygdomme forbundet med PFC dysfunktion. Protokollen beskrevet her er en modifikation af proceduren Birrell og Brown 1, der er optimeret til anvendelse i mus og afspejler mange af muse-specic tilpasninger, der tidligere er blevet rapporteret 2,6,10-13.

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the attentional set shifting task: a measure of cognitive flexibility in mice

Cognitive impairment, particularly involving dysfunction of circuitry within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represents a core feature of many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Deficits in cognitive function also represent the most difficult symptom domain&#160;to successfully treat, as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants have only modest effects. Functional neuroimaging studies and postmortem analysis of human brain tissue implicate the PFC as being a primary region of dysregulation in patients with these disorders. However, preclinical behavioral assays used to assess these deficits in mouse models which can be readily manipulated genetically and could provide the basis for studies of new treatment avenues have been underutilized. Here we describe the adaptation of a behavioral assay, the attentional set shifting task (AST), to be performed in mice to assess prefrontal cortex mediated cognitive deficits. The neural circuits underlying behavior during the AST are highly conserved across humans, nonhuman primates and rodents, providing excellent face, construct and predictive validity.

Den typiske afhængig foranstaltning i denne test er antallet af forsøg pr scenen for at opfylde kriterium (eller 8 rigtige træk valg). Figur 4A viser det gennemsnitlige antal forsøg for at opfylde kriteriet på hvert trin i ubehandlet C57BL / 6J hjælp af AST. Som mus udgør en opmærksomhedsgraden sæt på det pågældende cue dimension (lugt eller medier), vil ydeevne forbedres, som indikeret ved en reduktion i forsøg for at opfylde kriteriet i successive intradimensional skift, og vendingen stad...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice at JoVE.com

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Målet med denne protokol er at udføre en adfærdsmæssig analyse såsom opmærksomhedskravet sæt skiftende opgave (AST) for at vurdere præfrontale cortex-medieret kognitiv fleksibilitet i mus.

Opmærksomhedskravet Set Shifting Opgave: Et mål for kognitiv fleksibilitet i mus

Cognitive impairment, particularly involving dysfunction of circuitry within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represents a core feature of many ...

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Behavior

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

Den Crossmodal Congruency opgave som middel til at opnå et mål Behavioral måling på Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents

Det 5-valg Seriel Reaction Time Opgave: En opgave opmærksomhed og Impulse Control til Gnavere

This protocol describes the 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is an operant based task used to study attention and impulse control in rodents. ...

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

En Dual Opgave Fremgangsmåde Kombineret med Rapid Serial Visual Presentation til Test opmærksomhedsgraden Blink for Nontargets

When viewers search for targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, if two targets are presented within about 500 msec of each other, the ...

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

En Operant Intra / Extra-dimensionelle Set-shift opgave for Mus

Alterations in executive control and cognitive flexibility, such as attentional set-shifting abilities, are core features of several neuropsychiatric ...

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Den følelsesmæssige Stroop Opgave: Vurdering Kognitiv Præstationer under Udsættelse for Emotional Content

The emotional Stroop effect (ESE) is the result of longer naming latencies to ink colors of emotion words than to ink colors of neutral words. The ...

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Den Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Opgave: En simpel Kognitiv Paradigm at Undersøg falske erindringer i laboratoriet

The Deese,&#160;Roediger and McDermott&#160;(DRM) task is a false memory paradigm in which subjects are presented with lists of semantically related words ...

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Nye Variationer for Strategi Set-shifting i Rat

Behavioral flexibility is crucial for survival in changing environments. Broadly defined, behavioral flexibility requires a shift of behavioral strategy ...

Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice

Introduktion Clicktræning som Kognitiv Berigelse for Laboratory Mus

Establishing new refinement strategies in laboratory animal science is a central goal in fulfilling the requirements of Directive 2010/63/EU. Previous ...

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task

"Motor" i implicitte Motor sekvens læring: en mund-stepping seriel reaktion tid opgave

This protocol describes a modified serial reaction time (SRT) task used to study implicit motor sequence learning. Unlike the classic SRT task that ...

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking under visuelt ligger sprogforståelse: Fleksibilitet og begrænsninger i afsløring visuelle sammenhæng effekter

The present work is a description and an assessment of a methodology designed to quantify different aspects of the interaction between language processing ...