Name: manipulating the murine lacrimal gland
Uploaded: 2014-11-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Manipulating the Murine Lacrimal Gland at JoVE.com

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Alt animalsk arbejde blev udført under nøje overensstemmelse med anbefalingerne i vejledningen til pleje og anvendelse af forsøgsdyr af National Institutes of Health. Protokollen blev godkendt af Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg (IACUC) fra University of California, San Francisco. 1. mus embryonale tåreglandler (LG): Høst og mikrodissektion <ol><li> Følge procedurer er godkendt af den institutionelle dyr til videnskabelige videnskabsetisk komité, aflive timet gravide CD-1 (e...

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	<li>Liu, K. C., Huynh, K., Grubbs, J., Davis, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autoimmunity+in+the+pathogenesis+and+treatment+of+keratoconjunctivitis+sicca.">Autoimmunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.</a> Current allergy and asthma reports. 14, 403 (2014).</li><li>Makarenkova, H. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF10+is+an+inducer+and+Pax6+a+competence+factor+for+lacrimal+gland+development.">FGF10 is an inducer and Pax6 a competence factor for lacrimal gland development.</a> Development. 127, 2563-2572 (2000).</li><li>Dartt, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+regulation+of+lacrimal+gland+secretory+processes:+relevance+in+dry+eye+diseases.">Neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretory processes: relevance in dry eye diseases.</a> Progress in retinal and eye research. 28, 155-177 (2009).</li><li>Nigam, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concise+review:+can+the+intrinsic+power+of+branching+morphogenesis+be+used+for+engineering+epithelial+tissues+and+organs.">Concise review: can the intrinsic power of branching morphogenesis be used for engineering epithelial tissues and organs.</a> Stem cells translational medicine. 2, 993-1000 (2013).</li><li>Qu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycosaminoglycan-dependent+restriction+of+FGF+diffusion+is+necessary+for+lacrimal+gland+development.">Glycosaminoglycan-dependent restriction of FGF diffusion is necessary for lacrimal gland development.</a> Development. 139, 2730-2739 (2012).</li><li>Rebustini, I. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MT2-MMP-dependent+release+of+collagen+IV+NC1+domains+regulates+submandibular+gland+branching+morphogenesis.">MT2-MMP-dependent release of collagen IV NC1 domains regulates submandibular gland branching morphogenesis.</a> Developmental cell. 17, 482-493 (2009).</li><li>Hoffman, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+Expression+Profiles+of+Mouse+Submandibular+Gland+Development:+FGFR1+Regulates+Branching+Morphogenesis+in+Vitro+Through+BMP-+and+FGF-Dependent+Mechanisms.">Gene Expression Profiles of Mouse Submandibular Gland Development: FGFR1 Regulates Branching Morphogenesis in Vitro Through BMP- and FGF-Dependent Mechanisms.</a> Development. 129, 24-5778 (2002).</li><li>Steinberg, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGFR2b+signaling+regulates+ex+vivo+submandibular+gland+epithelial+cell+proliferation+and+branching+morphogenesis.">FGFR2b signaling regulates ex vivo submandibular gland epithelial cell proliferation and branching morphogenesis.</a> Development. 132, 1223-1234 (2005).</li><li>Knox, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Parasympathetic innervation maintains epithelial progenitor cells during salivary organogenesis. 329, 1645-1647 (2010).</li><li>Magenheim, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+vessels+restrain+pancreas+branching,+differentiation+and+growth.">Blood vessels restrain pancreas branching, differentiation and growth.</a> Development. 138, 4743-4752 (2011).</li><li>Jaskoll, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF10/FGFR2b+signaling+plays+essential+roles+during+in+vivo+embryonic+submandibular+salivary+gland+morphogenesis.">FGF10/FGFR2b signaling plays essential roles during in vivo embryonic submandibular salivary gland morphogenesis.</a> BMC developmental biology. 5, 11 (2005).</li><li>Takasato, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directing+human+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation+towards+a+renal+lineage+generates+a+self-organizing+kidney.">Directing human embryonic stem cell differentiation towards a renal lineage generates a self-organizing kidney.</a> Nature cell biology. 16, 118-126 (2014).</li><li>Knox, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parasympathetic+stimulation+improves+epithelial+organ+regeneration.">Parasympathetic stimulation improves epithelial organ regeneration.</a> Nature communications. 4, 1494 (2013).</li></ol>

Alsidigheden til kultur og manipulere LG ex vivo giver betydelige fordele for at studere dens udvikling. Dette omfatter den hastighed, hvor forskeren er i stand til at teste hypoteser og de mange perturbationer, som kan udføres for at vurdere, hvor epitel, neuronal, endotel- og mesencyhmal celler interagerer til dannelse af organet. Der er imidlertid en række forbehold, når man bruger denne model. Først, i kraft af sin isolation kirtel er ikke længere forbundet med den perifere kar eller nervesystemet, hvi...

Tårekirtlen (LG) er ansvarlig for vandig tåresekretion kritisk for synsskarphed og sundhed, vedligeholdelse og beskyttelse af cellerne i den okulære overflade. LG dysfunktion resulterer i en af de mest almindelige og svækkende øjensygdomme: vandig mangelfuld Dry Eye Disease, som er karakteriseret ved øjenirritation, lysfølsomhed og nedsat syn 1. I den menneskelige LG bor i kredsløb over den laterale ende af øjet, hvor 3-5 udskillelsesvej kanaler deposit tårer onto øjenoverfladen. Musen har tre par store okulære kirtler, det mest studerede som er tårekirtlen (LG) beliggende forreste og ventral for øret (exorbital) med tårer rejser til øjet via en enkelt udskillelseskanal. I lighed med andre kirtel organer, LG udvikler gennem processen med epitelial forgrening morfogenese hvor en enkelt epitelial knop i en kondenseret mesenchyme gennemgår flere runder af opløbet og kanal dannelse til form et indviklet forbundne net af sekretorisk acini og kanaler (figur 1) 2. Under udviklingen epitelet bliver vaskulariseret samt kraftigt innerveret af parasympatiske nerver i pterygopalatine ganglion og i mindre grad af sympatiske nerver fra superior cervikal ganglion 3. Interaktioner mellem hver af disse celletyper dvs. neuronale, epitelceller, endotelceller og mesenchymale celler, er afgørende for funktion og vedligeholdelse af voksent væv. Men de underliggende molekylære mekanismer samordning LG udvikling og regeneration samt hvordan inter-celletype kommunikation guider disse processer stadig uklar. Fremkomsten af embryonale ex vivo dyrkningsteknikker har muliggjort identifikation af udviklingsmæssige og regenerative veje i flere branching organer 4. Dyrkning ex vivo giver forskeren mulighed for at manipulere organet (migniske, genetisk eller kemisk) under definerede betingelser samt at karakterisere udvikling organ og celle-celle-vekselvirkninger i realtid. Den exorbital LG af musen er meget modtagelig for denne teknik og de ​​seneste undersøgelser har defineret signalsystemer, der regulerer dets udvikling 2,5. Men på trods af behovet for at forstå molekylære signaler understøtter LG udvikling og fornyelse, det i øjeblikket stadig dublerede, sandsynligvis på grund af de tekniske vanskeligheder med at isolere orgel. I dette papir, beskriver vi, hvordan du isolerer og udfører ex vivo kultur embryonale murine LG til at definere udviklingsmæssige programmer.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1767">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:428px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Catalog #.</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:997px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM/F12 without HEPES</td>
			<td>SH3027101</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>P0781</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Albumin solution from bovine serum</td>
			<td>A9576</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde 16% Solution</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>Diluted to 4% in 1X PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline 10X</td>
			<td>BP665-1</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline 1X</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Prepared from 10X stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">holo-Transferrin bovine</td>
			<td>T1283</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>25 mg/ml stock solution in water. Freeze single-use aliquots at -20C. Add to DMEM/F12 media to a final concentration of 50 ug/mL.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:428px;">L- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)</td>
			<td>A4544</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>25 mg/ml stock solution in water. Freeze single-use aliquots at -20C. Add to DMEM/F12 media to a final concentration of 50 ug/mL.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BioLite 100mm Tissue Culture Treated Dishes</td>
			<td>130182</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Non-tissue culture-treated plates can also be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stereo Microscope with substage iluminator</td>
			<td>Stemi 2000</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Any stereo dissecting microscope can be used that has a transmitted light base.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Substage Illuminator Base for Stereo Microscope</td>
			<td>TLB 4000</td>
			<td>Diagnostics Instruments, Inc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Falcon 35mm Tissue Culture Treated Dishes</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>Non-tissue culture-treated plates can also be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50mm uncoated glass bottom dishes</td>
			<td>P50G-1.5-14-F</td>
			<td>MatTek Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:428px;">Widefield fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Axio Observer Z1</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>Any fluorescence microscope (upright, inverted or stereo dissecting microscope) can be used to monitor GFP expression at low magnification with an attached 
			digital camera.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td>TCS SP5</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>Confocal microscopy is necessary to see detailed cell structures. Any confocal microscope can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ideal for harvesting glands from embryos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SWISS Micro-Fine Forceps, #5 (11.2cm)</td>
			<td>17-305X</td>
			<td>Integra LifeSciences Corporation</td>
			<td>Fine tips are required for removing mesenchyme from epithelium. Tungsten needles can also be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Standard Tip Forceps, #5 (11cm)</td>
			<td>91150-20</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools (USA), Inc.</td>
			<td>Ideal for harvesting glands from embryos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Reusable Plastic Surgical Knife Handles, style no. 3.</td>
			<td>4-30</td>
			<td colspan="2">Integra LifeSciences Corporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stainless Steel Sterile Surgical Blades, no. 10</td>
			<td>4-310</td>
			<td colspan="2">Integra LifeSciences Corporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNAqueous-Micro Total RNA Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>AM1931</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cultrex 3D Culture Matrix Laminin I</td>
			<td>3446-005-01</td>
			<td>Trevigen</td>
			<td>6 mg/ml stock diluted 1:1 with DMEM/F12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:428px;">Timed-pregnant Crl:CD1(ICR) mice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Charles River Labs</td>
			<td>Embryos are harvested on day 14 (with day of plug discovery designated as day 0).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nucleopore Track-Etched Hydrophilic Membranes, 0.1 um pre size, 13mm</td>
			<td>110405</td>
			<td>Whatman</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Timed-pregnant Pax6-Cre,GFP mice</td>
			<td>Tg(Pax-Cre, GFP)1Pgr</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>Optional mice for learning how to locate the LG.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

manipulating the murine lacrimal gland

Tårekirtlen (LG) udskiller vandige tårer nødvendige for at bevare strukturen og funktionen af ​​hornhinden, en gennemsigtig væv afgørende for syn. I den menneskelige en enkelt LG bor i kredsløb over den laterale ende af hvert øje levere tårer øjenoverfladen gennem 3-5 kanaler. Musen har tre par store okulære kirtler, den mest undersøgte af som er exorbital tårekirtlen (LG) beliggende forreste og ventral til øret. I lighed med andre kirtel organer, LG udvikler gennem processen med epitelial forgrening morfogenese hvor en enkelt epitelial knop i en kondenseret mesenchyme gennemgår flere runder af opløbet og kanal formation for at danne et indviklet sammenhængende net af sekretorisk acini og kanaler. Denne omfattende fremgangsmåde er blevet godt dokumenteret i mange andre epitelorganer såsom bugspytkirtel og spytkirtel. Imidlertid har LG været langt mindre udforskede og de mekanismer, der styrer morphogenese er dårligt understod. Vi formoder, at denne underrepræsentation som en model-system er en konsekvens af de vanskeligheder, der er forbundet med at finde, dissekere og dyrkning af LG. Således her beskriver vi dissektion teknikker til høst embryonale og postnatale LG og metoder til ex vivo dyrkning af vævet.

Den LG udvikler gennem processen med epitelial forgrening morfogenese. Brightfield billeder af embryonale kommuner dissekeret på E14, E15, E16, E17, og P2 illustrerer denne begivenhed. <img alt="Figur 1" fo:content-width="6in" src="/files/ftp_upload/51970/51970fig1highres.jpg" width="600" /> Figur 1. Den LG udvikler gennem processen med epitelial forgrening morfogenese. Brightfield billeder af embryonale kommuner frisk dissekeret p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Manipulating the Murine Lacrimal Gland at JoVE.com

Manipulating the Murine Lacrimal Gland

Manipulere Murine tårekirtlen

Tårekirtlen (LG) er en forgrening organ, der frembringer de vandige komponenter af tårer nødvendige for at bevare vision og øjensundhedstilstand. Her beskriver vi murine LG dissektion og ex vivo kultur teknikker til at dechifrere signalveje, der er involveret i LG udvikling.

The lacrimal gland (LG) secretes aqueous tears necessary for maintaining the structure and function of the cornea, a transparent tissue essential for ...

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Intraductal Injection for Localized Drug Delivery to the Mouse Mammary Gland

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Isolation of Murine Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

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Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques

Kvæg mælkekirtlen biopsi teknikker

Bovine mammary gland biopsies allow researchers to collect tissue samples to study cell biology including gene expression, histological analysis, ...

Isolation of Myoepithelial Cells from Adult Murine Lacrimal and Submandibular Glands

Isolering af Myoepitelial celler fra voksne murine lacrimal og submandibulære kirtler

The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine tubuloacinar gland that secretes an aqueous layer of tear film. The LG epithelial tree is comprised of acinar, ...

Three-Dimensional, Serum-Free Culture System for Lacrimal Gland Stem Cells

Tredimensionelt, serumfrit kultursystem til stamceller fra lacrimalkirtlen

Lacrimal gland (LG) stem cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for lacrimal gland diseases. However, the lack of a reliable, serum-free culture ...