Name: isolating and using sections of bovine mesenteric artery and vein as a bioassay to test for vasoactivity in the small intestine
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine at JoVE.com

作者承认瑞恩·卓别林和肯塔基州肉类实验室和动物与食品科学系大学的格雷格伦特福罗博士提供的机会来收集本文采用实验的组织。

在这项研究中所使用的程序并不需要来自肯塔基州的动物护理和使用委员会的批准，大学，因为没有活的动物中使用。取货前这里所使用的任何样品，所有动物都惊呆了紧固螺栓和放血。这是在肯塔基大学的联邦检查屠宰场设施进行。美国农业部食品安全检验局的官方代表指出，处理尸体的活的动物和处理的所有活动。 1，准备仪器仪表<ol><li>以最小化的组织样本的集合之?...

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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ergot+alkaloids+from+endophyte-infected+tall+fescue+decrease+reticuloruminal+epithelial+blood+flow+and+volatile+fatty+acid+absorption+from+the+washed+reticulorumen.">Ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue decrease reticuloruminal epithelial blood flow and volatile fatty acid absorption from the washed reticulorumen.</a> Journal of animal science. 91, 5366-5378 (2013).</li><li>Hocking, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detrimental+effects+of+mechanical+stretch+on+smooth+muscle+function+in+saphenous+veins.">Detrimental effects of mechanical stretch on smooth muscle function in saphenous veins.</a> Journal of vascular surgery. 53, 454-460 (2011).</li><li>Smith, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bovine+intestinal+surgery.">Bovine intestinal surgery.</a> Modern veterinary practice. 65, 705-710 (1984).</li><li>Budras, K. D., Habel, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Bovine Anatomy An Illustrated Text. , (2003).</li><li>Klotz, J. 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在这种生物测定的发展，最初的挑战是建立一个可重复的集合网站肠系膜血管。示例站点的一致性是至关重要的，因为从通过空肠回肠，因此肠系膜进展过程中的一些小肠变化的功能各不相同的类似的模式。肠系膜上动脉和静脉的回肠分公司分别通过解剖标志是最容易识别。通过定位在盲肠和以下的回盲部折叠到其末端上肠系膜的左侧，这是接近颅肠系膜动脉15的终止。再肠系膜的面积（...

在血液流向组织床的改变可能对器官功能产生很大的影响。小肠的主要功能是营养物质的吸收。动脉血流到肠道的吸收表面所需的营养物质的吸收和血流量的增加，以在营养吸收有助于沿面1食糜移动。血流量的减少会导致营养吸收减少，由于在跨膜梯度2的下降。除了营养物，小肠，也可以接触到的次级代谢产物，药物或毒素施加于肠系膜局部血流量的效果。在反刍动物的情况下，化合物可从饲料中解放出来（ 例如 ，营养物质如氨基酸，或毒素，例如麦角生物碱）通过前肠的发酵工艺。如果这些化合物生存瘤胃发酵的微生物新陈代谢，它们现在可以吸收或相互作用，因为它们通过在动物的胃肠道中行进。 有许多不同的方法可用于测量体内的血流量（ 例如 ，多普勒超声，留置血流量计，放射性微球，和指示剂稀释技术），其允许的各种实验方案或疗法的评价。然而，为了获得关于血管平滑肌的机械或药理学特性的信息，方法仍然有限，以大型船舶，直至Mulvany和哈尔3发表了一篇文章，描述使用电线的技术安装在肌动描记血管环的准备。由于该技术的发展，改进继续进行到允许各种不同的应用为管状结构的评价相关联的肌动描记系统。该系统也被改编利用固定杆，用于安装大型船舶4，其中灌注技术是不希望的。 因为在不同的解剖起源和区别在来自不同物种的动物的，数据从容器和动物型相同船只船只相异的不能容易地在不同的容器或在不同种类动物的5相同的容器中推断出来。因此，独立的生物鉴定必须制定并随时验证这些方面发生变化。最近几个生物测定已经开发了这些技术用于牛外侧隐静脉，右瘤胃动脉和静脉6,7。 这个生物测定的开发是为了专门调查效果麦角生物碱对血管支撑小肠。据报道，供给生物碱的50-60％出现在皱胃内容，但只有5％被回收粪便中8。斯特里克兰等 9麦角碱的审查规定，也可用数据sugg估该小肠可以是用于ergopeptine吸收的最重要位点。埃克特等 10回顾生物制药麦角生物碱方面表示，一旦他们穿过上皮屏障，麦角生物碱要么运经淋巴系统向锁骨下静脉或经肠系膜静脉和门静脉进入血液。罗德等人 11报道了减少血液流向十二指肠和结肠公牛消耗高的内生真菌感染（高麦角生物碱）的饮食。使用正确的瘤胃动脉和静脉的生物测定，Foote 等12表明，麦角生物碱是血管瘤胃液中的血管。 Foote 等13后来证明在体内的瘤胃接触麦角生物碱导致降低瘤胃上皮细胞的血流量。这减少血流量，瘤胃的吸收表面伴随造成养分（挥发性脂肪酸）的磁通的降低。鉴于曲麦角生物碱传递来自前肠小肠antity;有人推测会发生在小肠血管和营养吸收同样的效果。这需要牛近端回肠肠系膜上动脉和静脉的生物测定的发展。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="611">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:105px;">Name of the Material/Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Comment/Description (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:105px;">Multi Myograph</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Danish Myo Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">610M</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">A myograph is critical to this bioassay, but there are other platforms available for use that will suffice.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:105px;">Powerlab 8/sp</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ADIntruments</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">ML785</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:105px;">LabChart 7</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ADInstruments</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Version 7</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Force Calibration Kit</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Danish Myo Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">100055</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Specific to DMT myographs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Bottle-top Filter</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">595-4520</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">0.22 um pore size; 45 mm neck size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">#5 Jewler&#8217;s Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">555008FT</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Any brand of forceps can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Noyes Iris Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">18-1510</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Any brand of scissors can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Dissecting Scope</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">Stemi 2000-C</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Any brand of dissecting light microscope will suffice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:105px;">Adjustable Tissue Matrice</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">TM C12</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">This is not critical to the assay, but greatly reduces section to section variation in length and speeds up the slicing process greatly</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Krebs-Hensleit Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">K3753-10x1L</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">It is not necessary to buy Krebs, this can be made in house</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:105px;">Calcium chloride dehydrate</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">C7902-500G</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">S5761-500G</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Desipramine-HCl</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">D3900-5G</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:105px;">Propranolol-HCl</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">P0884-1G</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:105px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">P9333-500G</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:105px;">95% O2/5% CO2</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Scott Gross</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">UN3156</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolating and using sections of bovine mesenteric artery and vein as a bioassay to test for vasoactivity in the small intestine

哺乳动物的胃肠道系统经常暴露于化合物（期望的和不希望），可以对血液流动的效果，并从该系统中。血流变化到小肠可导致对器官的吸收功能的作用。从饲料通过发酵和消化过程中释放毒素，特别关注已经发展反刍动物的地方生产效率可以改进的地方。与本文相关的视频描述了体外生物测定发展到屏幕化合物vasoactivity牛肠系膜动脉孤立的横截面，静脉使用multimyograph。一旦血管安装和平衡的肌动描记，生物测定本身可用于：作为筛选工具，以评估收缩反应或感兴趣的化合物vasoactivity;确定由药理学靶向受体的特异性激动剂的受体类型的存在S;确定与一个或一个以上的拮抗剂存在的受体的作用;或确定与拮抗剂的感兴趣的化合物的潜在相互作用。通过这一切，数据采集的实时性，组织从一个单一的动物收集的可暴露于大量的不同实验处理（ 在体外的优势），并表示对毛细血管床，以提供精确的任一侧的脉管图象的什么可以发生在传入和传出的血液供应支撑小肠。

用于生成包括结果的血管从6荷斯坦公牛（425±8千克）3周的时间间隔内被收集。一个典型的肠系膜静脉的收缩反应，以KCl和治疗增加在浓度增加的一个例子示于图2。响应的幅度将随一些与容器（与供体动物的大小相关）的大小，但也可以的影响（负面的）操作不当，收集和清洗过程中（拉伸）的船只。因此，观察到在容器暴露于氯化钾Â显著收缩反应是很重要的。如果可以忽略的响应...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine at JoVE.com

Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine

隔离和使用的牛肠系膜动脉和静脉部分，作为生物测定在小肠测试的Vasoactivity

小肠经常暴露于毒素可影响血液流动和养分吸收的负面影响。使用multimyograph和肠系膜动脉和静脉分离物，化合物或感兴趣的毒素可筛选vasoactivity。

Mammalian gastrointestinal systems are constantly exposed to compounds (desirable and undesirable) that can have an effect on blood flow to and from that ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia

一项战略，以确定在常见的疾病，如自闭症和精神分裂症的新突变

There are several lines of evidence supporting the role of de novo mutations as a mechanism for common disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. First, ...

科研

医学

Mesenteric Artery Contraction and Relaxation Studies Using Automated Wire Myography

肠系膜动脉收缩和舒张的研究，使用自动线Myography

Proximal resistance vessels, such as the mesenteric arteries, contribute substantially to the peripheral resistance. These small vessels of between ...

Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.

成年小鼠静脉高压型号：颈总动脉，以颈外静脉吻合。

The understanding of the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas has improved thanks to animal models. A rat model ...

Assessing Myogenic Response and Vasoactivity In Resistance Mesenteric Arteries Using Pressure Myography

评估肌反应及血管活性阻力肠系膜动脉使用压力肌动描记

Small resistance arteries constrict and dilate respectively in response to increased or decreased intraluminal pressure; this phenomenon known as myogenic ...

Catheterization of the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein to Perform Hemodynamic Measures, Infusions and Blood Sampling in a Conscious Rat Model

颈动脉和颈静脉导管在有意识大鼠模型进行血流动力学措施，输液和血液采样

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

一个简单的设备，迅速准备小鼠肠的全坐骑

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

A Rabbit Model of Durable Transgene Expression in Jugular Vein to Common Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts

颈动脉介入移植中颈静脉持久性转基因表达的家兔模型

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

利用隔离的完美大鼠小肠进行肠道激素分泌的机制

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, producing more than 15 different peptide hormones that regulate appetite and food intake, digestion, ...