Name: vascular balloon injury and intraluminal administration in rat carotid artery
Uploaded: 2014-12-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery at JoVE.com

We are grateful to Dr. Clowes for first developing and describing this method. We are also thankful to Dr. Tulis for his detailed protocol which has been fundamentally helpful to our previous, current and future work. This work was supported by grants R01HL097111 and R01HL123364 from the NIH to M.T., and by American Heart Association grant 14GRNT18880008 to M.T.
We would like to thank Rachel Newton for her expert technical support and for her valuable help during the filming process.

注意：利用动物进行下面的实验已经进行了审查和批准的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）。 1.术前手续<ol style="margin-left: 40px;"><li>在使用前消毒手术器械。 <ol><li>高压灭菌所有手术器械24小时或更少的手术前。如果多次手术均在同一天进行的，通过在手术之间的干珠灭菌消毒的器械。 </li></ol></li><li>过滤消毒后再使用盐溶液。 </li><li>称量大鼠和计算的麻醉药物（氯胺酮80 mg / kg和赛拉嗪7?...

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大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤一直深受Tulis在2007年34说明，它已全面通过Tulis博士讨论了此过程的所有细节。谁是有意执行此过程的读者强烈推荐阅读Tulis“协议。然而，有一件事我们不Tulis博士同意：除了充气用生理盐水或任何液体的气球，我们建议与空气膨胀了。根据我们的个人经验，液体膨胀难以避免气泡。此外，它更难以灵活调整损伤过程中的压力，并可能导致额外的压力和伤害到动脉。另一个技术技巧是...

气囊导管在血管成形术的过程中使用，以扩大或动脉粥样硬化血栓阻塞网站，在血管的目的的医疗器械。变窄的血管腔被强制由膨胀的气球，以开放和血液供应将被顺序地恢复到解除下游局部缺血症状，例如心绞痛，心肌梗塞，和腿痛。然而，血管成形术的巨大成功已经减少了术后并发症如力结果引起血管气压伤（球囊损伤），即血管壁重塑，在很多情况下，再狭窄的血管腔（再狭窄）1。 已经开发了许多动物模型模仿血管成形术，以帮助研究人员了解球囊损伤有关的血管壁重塑2背后的机制。在所有的用于建模的动物物种，鼠是最经常使用的一个。 Çompared到兔，狗和猪，鼠的优势是其成本低，其相对的易用性和大鼠生理学的现有知识。虽然小鼠具有一个额外的优势在广泛基因操作的菌株，小鼠容器太小，插入气囊导管。在过去的三十年里，实验组大鼠已使研究人员能够更好地了解支撑内膜增生及血管重塑3-6的分子和细胞机制。超越球囊损伤，血管重塑也参与大多数主要血管疾病，如动脉粥样硬化7,8，高血压9和动脉瘤10。因此，知识通过球囊损伤模型，获得了在一般的整体血管壁病变的研究是有益的。 大鼠球囊损伤模型的总体目标是不仅要进一步理解的血管疾病，而且，以测试新的药剂的效力为疾病控制11,12。目前临床药物治疗再狭窄是由血管成形术后右经血管腔放置药物洗脱支架应用。在动物模型中，一个高效而更经济的方式为新代理的测试是一个发达的地方腔内灌注的方法。已通过这种方法进行了测试候选药物包括小分子药物13,14，细胞因子或生长因子15,16，基因操纵剂（cDNA克隆，的siRNA 等 ）17-20，以及新颖的药物制剂21,22。 到目前为止，大鼠球囊损伤模型仍然是研究血管疾病/病症的最有用的模型之一。它是从台架的基本步骤到床头，通常作为第一步骤，从体外移动到体内 ，但它不应该是最后一个。大鼠实验的结果需要被审议和进一步的特征在于转换到人体之前临床使用时，由于在血管床和容器解剖学以及人和大鼠23-26之间的内在物种差异的差异。尽管如此，它仍然是在转化医学研究的重要工具。虽然这种研究用于因缺乏转基因鼠的限制，它已不再是一个问题，因为新的基因组的方法，如锌指核酸酶27，TALENS 28和CRISPR-CAS 29取得淘汰赛大鼠方便。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1059">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:384px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:389px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fogarty balloon embolectomy catheters, 2 French&#160;</td>
			<td>Edwards Lifesciences, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;120602F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deltaphase Operating Board - Includes 2 Pads &#38; 2 Insulators</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>39OP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;LED light source</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-563-501&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hartmann Mosquito Forceps 4&#8221; curved</td>
			<td>Apiary Medical, Inc. San Diego, CA</td>
			<td>gS 22.1670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Crile Retractor 4&#8221; double ended</td>
			<td>Apiary Medical, Inc.</td>
			<td>gS 34.1934</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Other surgical instruments</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Company, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Peripheral Intravenous (I.V.) Cannula, 24G</td>
			<td>BD</td>
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vascular balloon injury and intraluminal administration in rat carotid artery

大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型已经确立了二十多年。它仍然是学习与之相关的血管平滑肌分化，形成内膜和血管重塑的分子和细胞机制的重要方法。雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠是最经常使用的动物为这种模式。雌性大鼠不优选的，因为雌激素是保护性防止血管疾病，因而引入一个变化成此过程。左颈通常受伤与右颈动脉作为阴性对照。左颈损伤是由膨胀的气球是滥伐内皮和扩张S中的血管壁造成的。损伤后，潜在的治疗策略，例如使用药物化合物和任一基因或shRNA转移的进行评估。典型地，对于基因或shRNA转移，血管腔的受伤部分被局部转30分钟，用viral粒子交付和表达了受伤的血管壁或者编码蛋白质或shRNA。新内膜增厚较增殖的血管平滑肌细胞通常损伤后峰值在2周。船只大多收获用于细胞和分子的细胞信号转导途径的分析以及基因和蛋白表达该时间点。容器也可收获在较早时间点，以确定一个特定的蛋白质或途径的表达和/或活化的发作，这取决于预期的实验目的。容器可以被表征和评价使用组织染色，免疫组织化学，蛋白质/表达测定法，和活性测定。来自同一动物的完整右颈动脉是一种理想的内部控制。在分子和细胞损伤的参数引起的变化可以通过动脉受伤比较内部右控制动脉进行评估。同样地，治疗方法可以通过比较损伤进行评估D和治疗动脉控制只受伤的动脉。

伤后两周内，颈动脉被收获，切片并进行形态分析。动脉是横切片并用H＆E（ 图1，图2B，C和3）。大鼠颈动脉壁包含四层弹性膜，它显示为粉色系。最外层片材，外弹性膜（EEL）和最内层椎板之间的区域，内弹性膜（IEL）是媒体平滑肌层（ 图1）。在IEL的内侧的区域为内膜，内皮细胞完好容器的单层;或内膜增生血管损伤。在受损的颈动脉中，媒体比因平滑肌细胞增殖的控?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery at JoVE.com

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

该协议使用球囊导管引起的大鼠颈动脉腔内损伤，从此引起内膜增生。这是一个公认的模型用于研究在响应损伤的血管重塑的机制。它也被广泛使用，以确定潜在的治疗方法的有效性。

血管球囊损伤和腔内管理在大鼠颈动脉

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

培养一个精密的显微外科技术在大鼠颈总动脉，颈外静脉移植：介入

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

科研

医学

Optimized System for Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring in the Rat Stroke Model of Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

优化系统的脑灌注监测在中风模型大鼠的大脑中动脉闭塞腔内

The translational potential of pre-clinical stroke research depends on the accuracy of experimental modeling. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in animal ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

三氯化铁诱发血栓形成小鼠模型上的颈动脉和肠系膜血管

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型试验抗血管重建治疗

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium

腔内药物输送到鼠标动静脉瘘内皮

Delivery of therapeutic agents to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation can be administered either via intraluminal or external routes. The ...

The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury

家兔加速动脉粥样硬化模型的研究--髂动脉球囊损伤的方法学观察

Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

大鼠颈总动脉的相位对比磁共振成像

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

氯化铁诱导的犬颈动脉血栓形成: 一种大的血管损伤动物模型

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

颅内动脉闭塞允许经普通颈动脉修复再灌注的研究

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...