Name: physiological recordings and rna sequencing of the gustatory appendages of the yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti
Uploaded: 2014-12-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti at JoVE.com

The authors thank Bryan T. Vinyard of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Biometrical Consulting Service, Beltsville, MD for statistical analyses. This work was supported in part by a grant to J.C.D. from the Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).

1.饲养阂。伊蚊成人<ol><li>孵化的鸡蛋在浅盘约¾英寸的水。拥挤会降低成人的尺寸。 </li><li>后排幼虫在25°C（12-HL：12-HD）和饲料与地面的鱼食。 注：过度喂食可能会降低存活率。 </li><li>每天单独删除蛹由巴斯德吸管，并转移到塑料菜细网状盖（9厘米×5.5厘米）内的小水桶遏制，从而确立了24小时的年龄组。 </li><li>由棉花球进料成蚊10％蔗糖溶液置于笼壳体的屏壁上下同一光周期作?...

<ol>
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的记录动作电位从味觉感受器的最具挑战性的方面是决定哪些响应是“正常的”。当使用单一味觉感器尖记录第一时间为给定的昆虫物种，总数和味觉受体的神经元的敏感性（GRNS）是可能不明。来决定的范围内，化学品，以测试的浓度许多初步录音首先必需的。在这种情况下，我们开始与该单个的GRN响应低浓度DEET（ 图1）的观察。接着，我们研究了同感器内的反应的范围内已知的苦?...

像DEET，Picaridin，香茅醛和IR3535化合物已被证明有效的驱蚊，包括重要的病媒埃及伊蚊 1,2。我们从具体的味觉感受器相关决定参与蚊虫驱避细胞感觉神经元记录动作电位。再加上表达的基因，在这些组织中的下游测序，我们可以识别以筛选改善斥功能的新的化合物的基因最有可能介导这些细胞的反应。 RNA-SEQ是一个强大的工具，迅速成为标准的跟踪基因表达的时空变化。昆虫化学感受附属物的RNA序列分析和器官已被用来发现几种昆虫物种3-5分子的受体，通过基因6大大提高在常规的基于PCR的基因搜索。昆虫是最多样的动物类，预senting许多机会来研究基因和独特的表型之间的连接。 RNA-SEQ技术可以受雇于任何活昆虫组织。同样地，电生理记录从内部uniporous味觉感受器感觉细胞可以在许多不同的昆虫种类来实现。这两种技术的配对使研究人员能够缩小参与的观察化学感受表型组基因。不同物种会出现特殊的挑战，但可以通知化学感应受体基因和化学感受适应之间的连接。的大小和化学感受感器的形态是可变的，记录动作电位时，以减少噪音，并确定可重复的信号可能需要大量的故障排除。化学感受器官的解剖可能是微不足道的或微妙且耗时的，这取决于形态昆虫和大小。回收的高品质RNA可能需要一些故障排除为好，如避免在某些颜料组织收集。 而通过行为试验证实剂化合物的作用是直接的和翔实的，这种方法是时间密集和广泛的方面的作用机制。电加上RNA-SEQ允许的是什么驱使避税行为的昆虫更具体的分析。一旦化学歧视的“工具箱”已经在昆虫物种鉴定，更具体的尝试，以改善已知的驱虫剂是可能的。受体和相关蛋白在负责这些行为感官细胞可以异源直接化学筛选来表示。此外，分子模型可以预测哪些化学物质会引起强烈的反应，这些受体7。 的一组化学感受组织窄所有活性的基因的快照也可能是在鉴定相似的基因在其他物种有用的。使用序列同源性和表达SImilarities，研究人员可能形成集分子受体最有可能调解反应驱虫剂是昆虫相当有效的。我们提出以下方案，以帮助研究人员在解构昆虫化学感受途径和说服更多的深入到非型号和重要经济昆虫的神经行为学。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1272">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">A-M Systems</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">628000</td>
			<td>Standard, 1.5mm X 0.86mm, 4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Silver wire</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">A-M Systems</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">7875</td>
			<td>.015&#34; bare</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Tungsten wire</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Alfa Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">369</td>
			<td>0.127mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">11252</td>
			<td>#5SF Inox</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Refridgerated stage</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">BioQuip Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">1429</td>
			<td>Chill Table</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Preamplifier</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Syntech</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Taste Probe</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">preamplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Software for electrophysiology</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Syntech</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Autospike</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">software for electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">TetraMin fish food</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Tetra</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Tropical fish food granules</td>
			<td>fish food ground to fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TRIzol</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15596-026</td>
			<td>RNA isolation reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNeasy Plus Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">74136</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">includes gDNA eliminator and RNeasy spin columns</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nanodrop spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Nano Drop Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">ND-1000</td>
			<td>tabletop spectrometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:251px;">R statistics</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">freeware (created by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka)</td>
			<td>www.r-project.org</td>
			<td>Use the lm function of the stats package and the equiv.boot function of the equivalence package in the R computing environment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">1.5ml tube rack</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Evergreen</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">240-6388-030</td>
			<td>Pour liquid nitrogen into a few empty wells to freeze and grind tissue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">1.5mL collection tubes with pestle</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Grainger</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">6HAX6</td>
			<td>RNase free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">11178160</td>
			<td>Spin down frozen tissue to keep at bottom of 1.5 mL tube.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Primer-BLAST Primer Designing tool</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">NCBI</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

physiological recordings and rna sequencing of the gustatory appendages of the yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of these disease vectors. We have recently identified a bitter sensing neuron in the labellum of female Aedes aegypti that responds to DEET and other repellents, as well as bitter quinine, through direct electrophysiological investigation. These gustatory receptor neuron responses prompted our sequencing of total mRNA from both male and female labella and tarsi samples to elucidate the putative chemoreception genes expressed in these contact chemoreception tissues. Samples of tarsi were divided into pro-, meso- and metathoracic subtypes for both sexes. We then validated our dataset by conducting qRT-PCR on the same tissue samples and used statistical methods to compare results between the two methods. Studies addressing molecular function may now target specific genes to determine those involved in repellent perception by mosquitoes. These receptor pathways may be used to screen novel repellents towards disruption of host-seeking behavior to curb the spread of harmful viruses.

跟踪记录从阂动作电位。伊蚊味觉感受器（ 图1）证明直接刺激与一系列的化学品的有效性。这种技术可用于通过计数一给定幅度和持续时间的尖峰在一个合理的时间范围内（一般小于500毫秒）来量化反应的任何化学刺激。迹记录必须在给定的实验条件下很容易地再现的。否则，所观察到的生理反应可以表示试验物种的个体之间罕见的表型。 原始RNA-...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti at JoVE.com

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

使用两种方法来估计基因表达的埃及伊蚊的主要味觉附属物，我们已经确定了一套基因假定存在的潜在的神经元的反应，以苦和排斥的化合物，通过电生理检查确定。

生理录音和黄热病蚊子的味觉附属物RNA测序<em&gt;埃及伊蚊</em

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

建设一个更美好的蚊子：确定基因在冈比亚按蚊和埃及斑蚊蚊子启用疟疾和登革热的电阻

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

科研

生物学

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

RNAi介导的基因敲除和<em&gt;在体内</em在成年女性利尿含量<em&gt;埃及伊蚊</em&gt;蚊子

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq

核糖体RNA的蚊子肠道宏基因组RNA-seq的枯竭

The mosquito gut accommodates dynamic microbial communities across different stages of the insect's life cycle. Characterization of the genetic capacity ...

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

的16S核糖体RNA基因的扩增子的新一代测序

One of the major questions in microbial ecology is &#8220;who is there?&#8221; This question can be answered using various tools, but one of the ...

An Experimental and Bioinformatics Protocol for RNA-seq Analyses of Photoperiodic Diapause in the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

An Experimental and Bioinformatics Protocol for RNA-seq Analyses of Photoperiodic Diapause in the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

实验和生物信息学议定书光周期滞育的亚洲虎蚊的RNA序列分析，<em&gt;白纹伊蚊</em

Photoperiodic diapause is an important adaptation that allows individuals to escape harsh seasonal environments via a series of physiological changes, ...

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

在EML造血前体细胞调节自我更新和分化的关键因素，通过RNA测序分析鉴定

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used clinically for transplantation treatment to rebuild a patient&#39;s hematopoietic system in many diseases such as ...

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

有针对性的RNA测序分析表征基因表达和基因组改变

RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a versatile method that can be utilized to detect and characterize gene expression, mutations, gene fusions, and noncoding ...

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

肥胖的身体器官培养体系中蚊，一个向量 Zika 病毒

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect ...

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

维护伊蚊蚊蚊子感染沃尔巴克

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates (EAgaL Plates)

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates EAgaL Plates

使用 24 个井组织培养板 （EAgaL 板） 改进 了伊蚊 的丰度和生育率测定

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness ...