Name: physiological recordings and rna sequencing of the gustatory appendages of the yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti
Uploaded: 2014-12-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti at JoVE.com

The authors thank Bryan T. Vinyard of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Biometrical Consulting Service, Beltsville, MD for statistical analyses. This work was supported in part by a grant to J.C.D. from the Deployed War Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).

1. allevamento Ae. adulti aegypti <ol><li> Le uova si schiudono in circa ¾ di pollice in acque poco profonde cassetto. Sovraffollamento ridurrà la dimensione degli adulti. </li><li> Larve posteriore a 25 ° C (12-HL: 12-HD) ed alimentare con cibo per pesci a terra. NOTA: sovralimentazione può ridurre i tassi di sopravvivenza. </li><li> Rimuovere pupe individualmente da pipetta Pasteur quotidiano e trasferimento in piatti di plastica (9 centimetri × 5,5 centimetri) all&#39;interno secchiell...

<ol>
	<li>Klun, J. A., Khrimian, A., Debboun, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repellent+and+deterrent+effects+of+SS220,+picaridin,+and+DEET+suppress+human+blood+feeding+by+Aedes+aegypti,+Anopheles+stephensi,+and+Phlebotomus+papatasi.">Repellent and deterrent effects of SS220, picaridin, and DEET suppress human blood feeding by Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Phlebotomus papatasi.</a> J. Med. Entomol. 43 (1), 34-39 (2006).</li><li>Dickens, J. C., Bohbot, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mini+review:+Mode+of+action+of+mosquito+repellents.Pestic.">Mini review: Mode of action of mosquito repellents.Pestic.</a> Biochem. Physiol. 106 (3), 149-155 (2013).</li><li>Pitts, R. J., Rinker, D. C., Jones, P. L., Rokas, A., Zwiebel, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptome+profiling+of+chemosensory+appendages+in+the+malaria+vector+Anopheles+gambiae+reveals+tissue-+and+sex-specific+signatures+of+odor+coding.">Transcriptome profiling of chemosensory appendages in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae reveals tissue- and sex-specific signatures of odor coding.</a> BMC Genomics. 12 (271), (2011).</li><li>Zhou, X., Slone, J. D., Rokas, A., Berger, S. L., Liebig, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phylogenetic+and+transcriptomic+analysis+of+chemosensory+receptors+in+a+pair+of+divergent+ant+species+reveals+sex-specific+signatures+of+odor+coding.">Phylogenetic and transcriptomic analysis of chemosensory receptors in a pair of divergent ant species reveals sex-specific signatures of odor coding.</a> PLOS Genet. 8 (8), e1002930 (2012).</li><li>Shiao, M., Fan, W., Fang, S., Lu, M. J., Kondo, R., Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+profiling+of+adult+Drosophila+antenna+by+high-throughput+sequencing.">Transcriptional profiling of adult Drosophila antenna by high-throughput sequencing.</a> Zoological Studies. 52 (42), (2013).</li><li>Bohbot, J., Pitts, R. J., Kwon, H. W., R&#252;tzler, M., Robertson, H. M., Zwiebel, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+characterization+of+the+Aedes+aegypti+odorant+receptor+gene+family.">Molecular characterization of the Aedes aegypti odorant receptor gene family.</a> Insect Mol. Biol. 16 (5), 525-537 (2007).</li><li>Kain, P., Boyle, S. M., Tharadra, S. K., Guda, T., Pham, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Odour+receptors+and+neurons+for+DEET+and+new+insect+repellents.">Odour receptors and neurons for DEET and new insect repellents.</a> Nature. 502 (7472), 507-512 (2013).</li><li>Hodgson, E. S., Lettvin, J. Y., Roeder, K. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiology+of+a+primary+chemoreceptor+unit.">The physiology of a primary chemoreceptor unit.</a> Science. 122 (3166), 417-418 (1955).</li><li>Robinson, A. P., Duursma, R. A., Marshall, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+regression-based+equivalence+test+for+model+validation:+shifting+the+burden+of+proof.">A regression-based equivalence test for model validation: shifting the burden of proof.</a> Tree Physiol. 25 (7), 903-913 (2005).</li><li>Mortazavi, A., Williams, B. A., McCue, K., Schaeffer, L., Wold, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+and+quantifying+mammalian+transcriptomes+by+RNA-seq.">Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-seq.</a> Nat. Methods. 5 (7), 621-628 (2008).</li><li>Trapnell, C., Williams, B. A., Pertea, G., Mortazavi, A., Kwan, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcript+assembly+and+quantification+by+RNA-seq+reveals+unannotated+transcripts+and+isoform+switching+during+cell+differentiation.">Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 28 (5), 511-515 (2010).</li><li>Sanford, J. L., Shields, V. D. C., Dickens, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gustatory+receptor+neuron+responds+to+DEET+and+other+insect+repellents+in+the+yellow-fever+mosquito,+Aedes+aegypti.">Gustatory receptor neuron responds to DEET and other insect repellents in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.</a> Naturwiss. 100 (3), 269-273 (2013).</li><li>Sparks, J. T., Vinyard, B. T., Dickens, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gustatory+receptor+expression+in+the+labella+and+tarsi+of+Aedes+aegypti.">Gustatory receptor expression in the labella and tarsi of Aedes aegypti.</a> Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 43 (12), 1161-1171 (2013).</li><li>Kent, L. B., Walden, K. K. O., Robertson, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Gr+family+of+candidate+gustatory+and+olfactory+receptors+in+the+yellow-fever+mosquito+Aedes+aegypti.">The Gr family of candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.</a> Chem. Senses. 33 (1), 79-93 (2008).</li><li>Ramsk&#246;ld, D., Wang, E. T., Burge, C. B., Sandberg, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+abundance+of+ubiquitously+expressed+genes+revealed+by+tissue+transcriptome+sequence+data.">An abundance of ubiquitously expressed genes revealed by tissue transcriptome sequence data.</a> PLoS Comput. Biol. 5 (12), e1000598 (2009).</li><li>Wagner, G. P., Kin, K., Lynch, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+based+criterion+for+gene+expression+calls+using+RNA-seq+data.">A model based criterion for gene expression calls using RNA-seq data.</a> Theory Biosci. 132 (3), 159-164 (2013).</li><li>Hart, T., Komori, H. K., LaMere, S., Podshivalova, K., Salomon, D. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Finding+active+genes+in+deep+RNA-seq+gene+expression+studies.">Finding active genes in deep RNA-seq gene expression studies.</a> BMC Genomics. 14 (778), (2013).</li><li>Isono, K., Morita, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+and+cellular+designs+of+insect+taste+receptor+system.">Molecular and cellular designs of insect taste receptor system.</a> Front. Cellu. Neurosci. 4 (20), 1-16 (2010).</li></ol>

L&#39;aspetto più impegnativo di potenziali d&#39;azione di registrazione da sensilla gustativa è decidere quali risposte sono &quot;normali&quot;. Quando impiegando singolo sensillum gustativa punta registrando la prima volta per una determinata specie di insetti, il numero totale e sensibilità dei neuroni recettori gustativi (GRN) sono probabilmente sconosciuta. Molte registrazioni preliminari vengono prima tenuti a decidere la gamma e le concentrazioni di sostanze chimiche da testare. In questo caso, abbiamo comin...

Composti come DEET, Picaridin, Citronellale e IR3535 hanno dimostrato di respingere in modo efficace le zanzare, comprese le importanti vettori della malattia Aedes aegypti 1,2. Registriamo potenziali d&#39;azione dei neuroni sensoriali associati a specifici sensilla gustativa per determinare le cellule coinvolte con repellenza zanzare. Accoppiato con sequenziamento valle di geni espressi in questi tessuti, possiamo identificare i geni più probabile che mediano le risposte di queste cellule per lo screening di nuovi composti per le capacità repellenza migliorate. RNA-Seq è uno strumento potente, diventando rapidamente standard per il rilevamento delle modifiche temporali e spaziali in espressione genica. RNA-Seq analisi di appendici chemosensoriali insetti e gli organi sono stati utilizzati per scoprire recettori molecolari in diverse specie di insetti 3-5, migliorando notevolmente il convenzionale PCR-ricerche gene per gene 6. Gli insetti rappresentano la classe degli animali più diversi, presentano molte opportunità di studiare la connessione tra geni e fenotipi unici. Tecnologia RNA-seq può essere impiegato su qualsiasi tessuto vivente insetto. Allo stesso modo, la registrazione elettrofisiologica da cellule sensoriali all&#39;interno uniporous sensilli gustativi può essere raggiunto in molte diverse specie di insetti. L&#39;abbinamento di queste due tecniche permette ai ricercatori di restringere i geni coinvolti set in un fenotipo chemosensory osservato. Diverse specie presenteranno sfide specifiche, ma possono informare il collegamento tra i geni dei recettori chemosensoriali e un adattamento chemosensory. Le dimensioni e la morfologia dei chemosensory sensilli è variabile e rendere necessario l&#39;risoluzione dei problemi durante la registrazione di potenziali di azione per ridurre il rumore e identificare segnali ripetibili. Dissezioni di organi chemiosensoriali possono essere banale o delicati e richiede tempo, a seconda della morfologia e dimensioni dell&#39;insetto. Recupero di RNA di alta qualità può richiedere un po &#39;di risoluzione dei problemi e, come ad esempio evitare alcuni pigmenti durantecollezione tessuti. Mentre dimostrare gli effetti dei composti repellenti attraverso studi comportamentali è diretta e informativo, questo approccio è tempo intenso e largo rispetto al meccanismo d&#39;azione. Elettrofisiologia accoppiato con RNA-Seq consente analisi più specifiche su ciò che spinge a comportamenti di evitamento insetti. Una volta che il &quot;toolkit&quot; della discriminazione chimico è stato identificato in una specie di insetti, i tentativi più specifiche per migliorare il repellenti conosciute sono possibili. Recettori e proteine ​​associate a cellule sensoriali responsabili di questi comportamenti possono essere espressi heterologously per lo screening chimico diretta. Inoltre, modellistica molecolare in grado di prevedere quali sostanze chimiche si suscitare reazioni forti da questi recettori 7. L&#39;istantanea di tutti i geni attivi in ​​una serie limitata di tessuti chemosensoriali può anche essere utile per identificare geni simili in altre specie. Utilizzando omologia di sequenza e di espressione similarities, i ricercatori possono formare gruppi di recettori molecolari più probabile che mediano le risposte a repellenti che sono ampiamente efficaci sugli insetti. Vi presentiamo il seguente protocollo per aiutare i ricercatori a decostruire percorsi chemosensoriali insetti e di convincere di più per approfondire la neuroetologia di non-modello e insetti economicamente importanti.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1272">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">A-M Systems</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">628000</td>
			<td>Standard, 1.5mm X 0.86mm, 4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Silver wire</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">A-M Systems</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">7875</td>
			<td>.015&#34; bare</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Tungsten wire</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Alfa Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">369</td>
			<td>0.127mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">11252</td>
			<td>#5SF Inox</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Refridgerated stage</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">BioQuip Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">1429</td>
			<td>Chill Table</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Preamplifier</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Syntech</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Taste Probe</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">preamplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Software for electrophysiology</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Syntech</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Autospike</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">software for electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">TetraMin fish food</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Tetra</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">Tropical fish food granules</td>
			<td>fish food ground to fine powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TRIzol</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15596-026</td>
			<td>RNA isolation reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNeasy Plus Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">74136</td>
			<td style="width:467px;">includes gDNA eliminator and RNeasy spin columns</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nanodrop spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Nano Drop Products</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">ND-1000</td>
			<td>tabletop spectrometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:251px;">R statistics</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">freeware (created by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka)</td>
			<td>www.r-project.org</td>
			<td>Use the lm function of the stats package and the equiv.boot function of the equivalence package in the R computing environment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">1.5ml tube rack</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Evergreen</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">240-6388-030</td>
			<td>Pour liquid nitrogen into a few empty wells to freeze and grind tissue.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">1.5mL collection tubes with pestle</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Grainger</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">6HAX6</td>
			<td>RNase free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">11178160</td>
			<td>Spin down frozen tissue to keep at bottom of 1.5 mL tube.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Primer-BLAST Primer Designing tool</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">NCBI</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

physiological recordings and rna sequencing of the gustatory appendages of the yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of these disease vectors. We have recently identified a bitter sensing neuron in the labellum of female Aedes aegypti that responds to DEET and other repellents, as well as bitter quinine, through direct electrophysiological investigation. These gustatory receptor neuron responses prompted our sequencing of total mRNA from both male and female labella and tarsi samples to elucidate the putative chemoreception genes expressed in these contact chemoreception tissues. Samples of tarsi were divided into pro-, meso- and metathoracic subtypes for both sexes. We then validated our dataset by conducting qRT-PCR on the same tissue samples and used statistical methods to compare results between the two methods. Studies addressing molecular function may now target specific genes to determine those involved in repellent perception by mosquitoes. These receptor pathways may be used to screen novel repellents towards disruption of host-seeking behavior to curb the spread of harmful viruses.

Le registrazioni in tracce di potenziali d&#39;azione da Ae. aegypti sensilla gustativa (Figura 1) dimostrare l&#39;efficacia della stimolazione diretta con una gamma di prodotti chimici. Questa tecnica può essere usata per quantificare risposte a qualsiasi sostanza chimica stimolante contando punte di una data ampiezza e durata in un intervallo di tempo ragionevole (generalmente inferiore a 500 ms). Registrazioni Trace devono essere facilmente riproducibili sotto un dato insieme di condizioni...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti at JoVE.com

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Utilizzando due metodi per stimare l&#39;espressione genica nei principali appendici gustative di Aedes aegypti, abbiamo individuato il set di geni putativamente sottostanti le risposte neuronali di composti amari e ripugnanti, come determinato da un esame elettrofisiologico.

Fisiologici Registrazioni e RNA sequenziamento delle appendici gustative del Mosquito febbre gialla<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

Costruire un Mosquito migliore: l&#39;identificazione dei geni Abilitazione malaria e febbre dengue Resistenza in A. gambiae e A. aegypti zanzare

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

Ricerca

Biologia

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

RNAi-mediato Knockdown Gene e<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Saggio La diuresi in femmina adulta<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em&gt; Le zanzare

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

Depletion of Ribosomal RNA for Mosquito Gut Metagenomic RNA-seq

L&#39;esaurimento delle RNA ribosomiale per metagenomiche Gut Mosquito RNA-seq

The mosquito gut accommodates dynamic microbial communities across different stages of the insect's life cycle. Characterization of the genetic capacity ...

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Sequenziamento di prossima generazione del 16S RNA ribosomiale Gene ampliconi

One of the major questions in microbial ecology is &#8220;who is there?&#8221; This question can be answered using various tools, but one of the ...

An Experimental and Bioinformatics Protocol for RNA-seq Analyses of Photoperiodic Diapause in the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

An Experimental and Bioinformatics Protocol for RNA-seq Analyses of Photoperiodic Diapause in the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Un Sperimentale e Bioinformatica Protocollo per analisi di RNA-Seq di photoperiodic diapausa nella zanzara tigre,<em&gt; Aedes albopictus</em

Photoperiodic diapause is an important adaptation that allows individuals to escape harsh seasonal environments via a series of physiological changes, ...

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

Identificazione dei fattori chiave di regolazione auto-rinnovamento e differenziazione in cellule ematopoietiche precursori EML da Analysis RNA-sequencing

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used clinically for transplantation treatment to rebuild a patient&#39;s hematopoietic system in many diseases such as ...

Targeted RNA Sequencing Assay to Characterize Gene Expression and Genomic Alterations

Mirati RNA Sequencing test per caratterizzare espressione genica e genomica Alterazioni

RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a versatile method that can be utilized to detect and characterize gene expression, mutations, gene fusions, and noncoding ...

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

Sistema di coltura di organo del grasso corporeo in Aedes Aegypti, vettore di Virus di Zika

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect ...

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Mantenimento di Aedes aegypti zanzare infettate con Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates (EAgaL Plates)

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates EAgaL Plates

Test migliorato di fecondità e fertilità per Aedes aegypti utilizzando 24 piastre di coltura dei tessuti dei pozzi (piastre EAgaL)

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness ...