Name: flying insect detection and classification with inexpensive sensors
Uploaded: 2014-10-15T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flying Insect Detection and Classification with Inexpensive Sensors at JoVE.com

我们要感谢沃达丰美洲基金会，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，圣保罗研究基金会（FAPESP）为这项研究提供资金。我们还要感谢从昆虫学系美国加州大学河滨分校的许多教师，他们对这个项目的意见。

1，昆虫群体和饲养<ol><li>蚊子殖民地和饲养<ol><li>背面淡色tarsalis，致倦库蚊，淡色stigmatosoma和埃及伊蚊成虫从实验室的殖民地，它源于野生捕捞的个体。 </li><li>在标准实验室条件下，搪瓷锅背面蚊子幼虫（27℃，16：8小时光照：黑暗[LD]周期1小时黄昏/黎明时期），并喂它们随意在地面啮齿动物饲料混合物，啤酒酵母（3:1​​，体积比）。 </li><li>收集蚊蛹入200ml杯，并将其放...

<ol>
	<li>Kahn, M. C., Celestin, W., Offenhauser, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recording+of+sounds+produced+by+certain+disease-carrying+mosquitoes.">Recording of sounds produced by certain disease-carrying mosquitoes.</a> Science. 101 (2622), 335-336 (1945).</li><li>Reed, S. C., Williams, C. M., Chadwick, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency+of+wing-beat+as+a+character+for+separating+species+races+and+geographic+varieties+of+Drosophila.">Frequency of wing-beat as a character for separating species races and geographic varieties of Drosophila.</a> Genetics. 27 (3), 349 (1942).</li><li>Belton, P., Costello, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flight+sounds+of+the+females+of+some+mosquitoes+of+Western+Canada.">Flight sounds of the females of some mosquitoes of Western Canada.</a> Entomologia experimentalis et applicata. 26 (1), 105-114 (1979).</li><li>Mankin, R. W., Machan, R., Field Jones, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=testing+of+a+prototype+acoustic+device+for+detection+of+Mediterranean+fruit+flies+flying+into+a+trap.">testing of a prototype acoustic device for detection of Mediterranean fruit flies flying into a trap.</a> Proc. 7th Int Symp Fruit Flies of Economic Importance. , 10-15 (2006).</li><li>Raman, D. R., Gerhardt, R. R., Wilkerson, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detecting+insect+flight+sounds+in+the+field+Implications+for+acoustical+counting+of+mosquitoes.">Detecting insect flight sounds in the field Implications for acoustical counting of mosquitoes.</a> Transactions of the ASABE. 50 (4), 1481 .</li><li>Moore, A., Miller, J. R., Tabashnik, B. E., Gage, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+identification+of+flying+insects+by+analysis+of+wingbeat+frequencies.">Automated identification of flying insects by analysis of wingbeat frequencies.</a> Journal of economic entomology. 79 (6), 1703-1706 (1986).</li><li>Moore, A., Miller, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+identification+of+optically+sensed+aphid+(Homoptera:+Aphidae)+wingbeat+waveforms.">Automated identification of optically sensed aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) wingbeat waveforms.</a> Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 95 (1), 1-8 (2002).</li><li>Li, Z., Zhou, Z., Shen, Z., Yao, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+identification+of+mosquito+(diptera:+Culicidae)+wingbeat+waveform+by+artificial+neural+network.">Automated identification of mosquito (diptera: Culicidae) wingbeat waveform by artificial neural network.</a> Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. , 483-489 (2005).</li><li>Moore, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Artificial+neural+network+trained+to+identify+mosquitoes+in+flight.">Artificial neural network trained to identify mosquitoes in flight.</a> Journal of insect behavior. 4 (3), 391-396 (1991).</li><li>Halevy, A., Norvig, P., Pereira, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+unreasonable+effectiveness+of+data.">The unreasonable effectiveness of data.</a> Intelligent Systems, IEEE. 24 (2), 8-12 (2009).</li><li>Banko, M., Brill, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitigating+the+paucity-of-data+problem+exploring+the+effect+of+training+corpus+size+on+classifier+performance+for+natural+language+processing.">Mitigating the paucity-of-data problem exploring the effect of training corpus size on classifier performance for natural language processing.</a> , 1-5 (2001).</li><li>Shotton, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+human+pose+recognition+in+parts+from+single+depth+images.">Real-time human pose recognition in parts from single depth images.</a> Communications of the ACM. 56 (1), 116-124 (2013).</li><li>Ilyas, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Classifying+insects+on+the+fly.">Classifying insects on the fly.</a> Ecological Informatics. , (2013).</li><li>Mack, Y. P., Rosenblatt, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multivariate+k-nearest+neighbor+density+estimates.">Multivariate k-nearest neighbor density estimates.</a> Journal of Multivariate Analysis. 9 (1), 1-15 (1979).</li><li>Benedict, M., Robinson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+first+releases+of+transgenic+mosquitoes+an+argument+for+the+sterile+insect+technique.">The first releases of transgenic mosquitoes an argument for the sterile insect technique.</a> TRENDS in Parasitology. 19 (8), 349-355 (2003).</li><li>. Supporting Materials Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.google.com/site/insectclassification">https://sites.google.com/site/insectclassification</a></li><li>Chen, Y., Why, A., Batista, G., Mafra-Neto, A., Keogh, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flying+Insect+Classification+with+Inexpensive+Sensors.">Flying Insect Classification with Inexpensive Sensors.</a> Journal of Insect. 27 (5), 657-677 (2014).</li></ol>

这里描述的传感器/分类框架允许飞虫的廉价和可扩展的分类。该精度达到由系统不够好，让商业产品的开发，并可能在昆虫学研究的有用工具。 使用廉价的，非侵入性的传感器能​​够准确，自动分类飞虫的能力将会对昆虫学研究显著影响。例如，通过部署在系统中的字段进行计数和分类，昆虫媒介，该系统可提供的目标物种的实时计数，产生可用于计划介入/抑制方案来防...

利用其飞行附带声音自动分类的昆虫的想法可以追溯到计算机和初期市售录音设备1。然而，很少取得了进展在这个问题上，在中间的几十年。进展的这种追求，缺乏可归结为几个相关的因素。 第一，缺乏有效的传感器取得数据收集困难。大多数收集数据的努力已经用声麦克风2-5。这样的装置是极其敏感的风噪声和环境噪声的环境中，从而导致非常稀疏的，低质量的数据。 第二，配合这些数据质量问题的事实是，许多研究者试图学习非常复杂的分类模型，尤其是神经网络6-8。试图了解复杂的分类模型，用仅有的几十例，是秘方过拟合。 第三，获得的数据的困难意味着许多研究者试图建立分类模型具有非常有限的数据，少至300实例9或更小。然而，已知的是用于构建准确的分类模式，更多的数据是更好10-13。 这项工作涉及的所有三个问题。光学（而不是声 ）传感器可用于录制的“声音”从米昆虫的飞行距离，拥有完整的不变性风噪声和周围的声音。这些传感器都允许的百万标记的训练实例，比以前的所有努力结合更多的数据的记录，并因此有助于避免过度拟合一直困扰以前的研究工作。如下所示是有原则的方法允许更多的信息到分类模型的结合。这种额外的信息可以作为司空见惯，并为易于获得的时间 - 日期的，但仍然产生显著收益模型的准确性。最后，它被证明数据，我们收集了巨额允许我们以“ 数据的不合理有效性 ”10优势，以产生简单，准确和鲁棒的分类器。 综上所述，飞行昆虫的分类已经超越了研究实验室创建的可疑索赔，现在准备实际部署。在这项工作中提出的传感器和软件将提供全球研究人员强大的工具来加速他们的研究。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1293">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Audio Recorder: ICD-PX312</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">4-267-065-11(2)</td>
			<td>With a 8 GB microSD extra memory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:328px;">Insectary</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Lee&#39;s Aquarium &#38; Pet Products.</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">20088 HerpHaven&#174;, Large Rectangle</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">14 1/2&#34; Long x 8 3/4&#34; Wide x 9 3/4&#34; high. Modified to house insects.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:328px;">Laser Line Generator, 650nm (red)</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Apinex (www.apinex.com)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">LN60-650</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">5mW. This is a low powered laser, similar to a teachers lasers pointer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:328px;">Photodiode Array</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">VISHAY SEMICONDUCTOR&#160; TEFD4300&#160; PIN PHOTODIODE, 650NM, 20DEG, T1</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">TEFD4300</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">We made a custom array of 15 of these Photodiodes wired in parallel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;">Analogue to Digital Convertor Integrated Circuit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Custom made in our lab</td>
			<td style="width:257px;"></td>
			<td style="width:471px;">We made this item ourselves, but an easily available commercial product, Gino PCF8591 AD/DA Converter, provides the same functionality.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

flying insect detection and classification with inexpensive sensors

一种廉价的，非侵入性的系统，可以准确分类飞虫会对昆虫学研究的重要意义，并允许用于医疗和农业昆虫学的载体和病虫害防治许多有用的应用程序的开发。鉴于此，在过去60年看过致力于这项工作的许多研究工作。迄今为止，但是，没有这种研究产生了深远的影响。在这项工作中，我们表明，伪声光传感器能产生优良的数据;该附加的特征，这两个内在的和外在的昆虫的飞行特性，可以被利用来改善昆虫分类;一个贝叶斯分类方法允许有效地学习分类模型是非常强劲的过度拟合，和一般的分类框架，允许轻松地将功能任意数字。我们证明了这一切相形见绌以前的作品COMBI大规模的实验结果奈德，如由昆虫的数目，并考虑物种的数量来衡量。

两个实验都在这里呈现。对于这两个实验中，所使用的数据，随机从包含超过10万个对象的数据集进行采样。 第一个实验表明所提出的分类准确分类，昆虫的不同物种/性别的能力。作为分类精度依赖于昆虫进行分类，分类精度单个绝对值不会让读者对系统的性能有良好的直觉。代替，而不是报告于一组固定的昆虫的分类器的精确度，该分类器被应用到数据集的递增增加数种?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flying Insect Detection and Classification with Inexpensive Sensors at JoVE.com

Flying Insect Detection and Classification with Inexpensive Sensors

我们提出了使用廉价的，非侵入性的伪声光感应器可以自动，准确地检测，计数和分类飞基于他们的飞行昆虫的声音系统。

飞行昆虫检测与分类用便宜的传感器

An inexpensive, noninvasive system that could accurately classify flying insects would have important implications for entomological research, and allow ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

荧光检测方法，为微流体液滴平台

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that ...

科研

生物工程

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

使用电化学传感器的细菌检测和鉴定

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Glutamine Flux Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Sensors

谷氨酰胺通量成像使用基因编码的传感器

Genetically encoded sensors allow real-time monitoring of biological molecules at a subcellular resolution. A tremendous variety of such sensors for ...

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

微流体为基础的电化学生物芯片的无标记的DNA杂交分析

Miniaturization of analytical benchtop procedures into the micro-scale provides significant advantages in regards to reaction time, cost, and integration ...

Sensitive Detection of Proteopathic Seeding Activity with FRET Flow Cytometry

与FRET流式细胞仪灵敏地检测Proteopathic播种活动

Increasing evidence supports transcellular propagation of toxic protein aggregates, or proteopathic seeds, as a mechanism for the initiation and ...

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor

蛋白质的MS检测快速酶法处理与流通型微反应器

The vast majority of mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein analysis methods involve an enzymatic digestion step prior to detection, typically with trypsin. ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

与复用电子检测的粒子的空间跟踪微流体平台

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

Ovarian Cancer Detection Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry

使用光声流细胞测定卵巢癌检测

Many studies suggest that the enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may show promise as a prognostic tool for ovarian cancer. Current strategies ...

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

坠落检测系统简化的设计与分析

This paper presents a methodology based on multimodal sensors to configure a simple, comfortable and fast fall detection and human activity recognition ...

The Fabrication and Operation of a Continuous Flow, Micro-Electroporation System with Permeabilization Detection

Current therapeutic innovations, such as CAR-T cell therapy, are heavily reliant on viral-mediated gene delivery. Although efficient, this technique is ...