Name: a method of nodose ganglia injection in sprague-dawley rat
Uploaded: 2014-11-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat at JoVE.com

이 연구는 국립 보건원 (부여 1UM1HL112856)에 의해 지원되었다.

모든 절차 및 프로토콜은 시카고 일리노이 대학의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인되었습니다. 여기에 설명 된 실험은 급성 비 생존 실험, 그리고 눈 연고의 아무 소용이 없었다. 수술 도구가 DIH O. 2에서 70 % 에탄올로 세척하고, 멸균 조건의 경우에만 발생 정비 실험의 끝에 쥐의 희생은 IV 케타민 / 자일 라진 (xylazine)의 과다 복용을 통해 발생했습니다. 악기 ?...

<ol>
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Physiol. 304 (11), 1017-1023 (2011).</li><li>Kollarik, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgene+expression+and+effective+gene+silencing+in+vagal+afferent+neurons+in+vivo+using+recombinant+adeno-associated+virus+vectors.">Transgene expression and effective gene silencing in vagal afferent neurons in vivo using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors.</a> J. Physiol. 588 (21), 4303-4315 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhou, M., Xu, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+opioid+mu-receptors,+but+not+delta-+or+kappa-receptors,+switches+pulmonary+C-fiber-mediated+rapid+shallow+breathing+into+an+apnea+in+anesthetized+rats).">Activation of opioid mu-receptors, but not delta- or kappa-receptors, switches pulmonary C-fiber-mediated rapid shallow breathing into an apnea in anesthetized rats).</a> Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 183 (3), 211-217 (2012).</li><li>Calik, M. W., Radulovacki, M., Carley, D. 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Ther. 260 (2), 917-924 (1992).</li><li>Kopczynska, B., Szereda-Przestaszewska, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5HT2+and+5HT3+receptors'+contribution+to+modeling+of+post-serotonin+respiratory+pattern+in+cats.">5HT2 and 5HT3 receptors' contribution to modeling of post-serotonin respiratory pattern in cats.</a> Life Sci. 75 (19), 2281-2290 (2004).</li><li>Fan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cannabinoid+agonists+inhibit+the+activation+of+5-HT3+receptors+in+rat+nodose+ganglion+neurons.">Cannabinoid agonists inhibit the activation of 5-HT3 receptors in rat nodose ganglion neurons.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 73 (2), 907-910 (1995).</li><li>Jespersen, B., Knupp, L., Northcott, C. 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nodose 신경절에 신경 화학 물질을 성공적으로 주입을위한 중요한 단계는 1) 식별하고 nodose 신경절 오프 결합 조직을 청소; 2) 주입하기 전에 nodose 신경의 무결성을 확인하는 단계; 3)과 섬세에 주입하는 작은 게이지 바늘을 사용하지만, 완전히, nodose 신경절을 통해 천공 없습니다. 미주 신경을 목에서 많은 복부 장기 innervates, 이러한 CNS 심박수, 혈압, 기관지 자극, 및 위장관 팽?...

Afferent signaling via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) transmits important general visceral information to the central nervous system (CNS) from baro-, chemo-, hepatic osmo-, cardiac, pulmonary, and gastric receptors located in the organs of the abdomen and thorax. The vagus nerve communicates information from stimuli such as heart rate, blood pressure, bronchopulmonary irritation, and gastrointestinal distension to the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) of the medulla. The cell bodies of the pseudounipolar neurons of the vagus nerve are located in the nodose and petrosal ganglia, of which the majority is found in the former. Nodose ganglion cells contain a wealth of receptors for amino acids, monoamines, neuropeptides, and other neurochemicals that when activated, can modify afferent vagus nerve activity.1 Numerous innervations of the afferent vagus nerves coupled with the diversity of receptors located on the nodose ganglia illustrate the biological importance of this cranial nerve, and systemic drugs that do not cross into the CNS targeted at receptors on nodose ganglia can be used to treat various diseases, such as sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or chronic cough.2-4
The ease of access to the nodose ganglia lends itself to experimental manipulation by midline longitudinal incision made at the neck. The vagus nerve emerges from the posterior lacerated foramen at the base of the skull, and immediately displays a swelling of the nerve that is the nodose ganglion. The nodose ganglion is easily recognizable due to two nerve branches that arise from it: anteriorly the pharyngeal branch; and posteriorly superior laryngeal branch.5 Previous experimental manipulations of the nodose ganglia involved electrophysiological recordings,6 injections of immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent compounds for nerve tracings,7-10 superfusion or injections of neuroexcitotoxins,11-13 injections of adeno-associated virus to knockdown receptors,14,15 and injections of receptor-specific neurochemicals to change the activity of the vagus nerve.16,17
Systemic injections of neurochemicals are problematic in that systemic treatment affects both peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, systemic treatment does not isolate the effect of neurochemicals on afferent vagal nerve activity. This protocol describes a method using readily available equipment of intranodose injections in the Sprague-Dawley rat that modulates vagus nerve activity without affecting the central nervous system. Stimulation of serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptors on nodose ganglia by intravenous (IV) infusion of serotonin (5-HT) induces the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, a vagal response trifecta of bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea, which can be abolished by supranodose vagatomy.11,17-19 Apnea is easily measured by placing a respiratory transducer around the abdomen of the rat.17,18 Cannabinoids decrease 5-HT-induced current in nodose ganglia cells,20 and intranodose ganglia injections of dronabinol attenuate 5-HT-induced apnea.

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			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">5-HT HCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">215376591</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">12.5 &#181;g/kg per 350 &#181;l/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Dronabinol (Marinol) 10 mg Capsules (80 &#181;g/&#181;l)</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">AbbVie</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">NDC 0051-0023-21</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Dilute with sesame oil to 20 &#181;g/&#181;l</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Sesame Oil</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">S3547</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Intramedic Polyethylene-50</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">427411</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Ordered from VWR (Cat. # 63019-047)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Graefe Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Roboz</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">RS-5138</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Two are needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Johns Hopkins Bulldog Clamp</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Roboz</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">RS-7441</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Three are needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Piezoelectric Strain Gauge</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Ambu</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">813255-100</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Data Acquisition USB Subsystems</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:155px;">DataWave Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">NA</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Sciworks Experimenter Software</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">NA</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">CyberAmp</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Axon Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">NA</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Syringe, 500 &#181;L, Model 1750 TLL</td>
			<td rowspan="3" style="width:155px;">Hamilton Company</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">81220</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Syringe, 10 &#181;L, Model 1801 RN</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">7659-01</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:191px;">Needle, 28 gauge, Small Hub RN</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">7803-02</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Point Style 4, Angle 35, Length 0.5 in</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method of nodose ganglia injection in sprague-dawley rat

Afferent signaling via the vagus nerve transmits important general visceral information to the central nervous system from many diverse receptors located in the organs of the abdomen and thorax. The vagus nerve communicates information from stimuli such as heart rate, blood pressure, bronchopulmonary irritation, and gastrointestinal distension to the nucleus of solitary tract of the medulla. The cell bodies of the vagus nerve are located in the nodose and petrosal ganglia, of which the majority are located in the former. The nodose ganglia contain a wealth of receptors for amino acids, monoamines, neuropeptides, and other neurochemicals that can modify afferent vagus nerve activity. Modifying vagal afferents through systemic peripheral drug treatments targeted at the receptors on nodose ganglia has the potential of treating diseases such as sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or chronic cough. The protocol here describes a method of injection neurochemicals directly into the nodose ganglion. Injecting neurochemicals directly into the nodose ganglia allows study of effects solely on cell bodies that modulate afferent nerve activity, and prevents the complication of involving the central nervous system as seen in systemic neurochemical treatment. Using readily available and inexpensive equipment, intranodose ganglia injections are easily done in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats.

그림 1은 dronabinol의 intranodose 신경 주사 전후에 가사를 유도하는 5-HT의 주입했다 쥐에서 샘플 호흡 녹화를 나타냅니다. 5-HT는 5-HT에게 서맥, 저혈압, 무호흡의 Bezold-Jarisch 반사에 기여하는 nodose 신경절에 3 수용체를 활성화합니다. dronabinol의 11,17-19 Intranodose 신경 주사는 억제 CB 수용체를 활성화 또는 알로 스테 릭 5-HT는 변조 (그림 1, 상단 패널) 전후 미주 신...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat at JoVE.com

A Method of Nodose Ganglia Injection in Sprague-Dawley Rat

Afferent vagal signaling transmits important information to central nervous system from receptors located in organs of the abdomen and thorax. The nodose ganglia of vagus nerves contain many types of receptors that modulate vagal activity. This protocol describes a method of local injections of neurochemicals into the nodose ganglia.

스프 라그 - 돌리 쥐에 Nodose 신경절 주입하는 방법

Afferent signaling via the vagus nerve transmits important general visceral information to the central nervous system from many diverse receptors located ...

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Establishment of a Rat Model of Superior Sagittal-Sinus Occlusion via a Thread-Embolism Method

스레드 색전증 방법을 통해 우수한 처상 부비동 폐색의 쥐 모델 설립

The mechanisms contributing to the natural onset of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are mostly unknown, and a variety of uncontrollable factors ...