Name: performing subretinal injections in rodents to deliver retinal pigment epithelium cells in suspension
Uploaded: 2015-01-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Performing Subretinal Injections in Rodents to Deliver Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Suspension at JoVE.com

We wish to thank Alison Dorsey for helping to develop the subretinal injection technique. We also acknowledge the National Eye Institute (NEI grants EY11254 and EY021416), California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM grant TR1-01219), and the Lowy Medical Research Institute (LMRI) for very generous funding for this project.

참고 : 모든 동물이 스크립스 연구소에 의해 설립 된 윤리 지침에 따라 처리 하였다. 사출 용 재료 1. 준비 (~ 20 분) <ol style="margin-left: 40px;"><li> 사전 따뜻한 세포 분리 솔루션 (바람직하게는 혈청 희석을 통해 비활성화되어 하나), 멸균 PBS, 문화 미디어 (표 1). </li><li> 그것을 분해하고 15 분 동안 물에 부품을 끓여 무딘 바늘과 주사기를 소독. </li></ol><p class="jove_title...

이 문서에서 우리는 쥐와 생쥐에서 부유 망막 색소 상피 세포의 망막 주사를 수행하기위한 비교적 간단한 방법을 설명합니다. 이 프로토콜은 적은 외상에 번역 할 기술로 쉽게 배울 수 많은 경험이다 (그림 3, 이것은 더 나은 주사 중 하나를 나타냅니다) 미세 조작기는 (그림 1A)를 사용하는 경우에는 특히. 모든 외상은 cSLO 간섭 단층 시스템 (그림 2) 가능한 경?...

The sensory retina is organized in functional tiers of neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Photoreceptors at the back of the retina are activated by light; through phototransduction they convert photons into electrical signals that are refined by interneurons and transmitted to the visual cortex in the brain. Phototransduction cannot occur without the coordinated efforts of Mueller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. RPE are organized in a monolayer directly behind the photoreceptors and perform multiple and diverse functions integral to photoreceptor function and homeostasis. In fact, RPE and photoreceptors are so co-dependent that they are considered to be one functional unit. Death or dysfunction of RPE results in devastating secondary effects on photoreceptors and is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly1,2.
While no cure has been discovered for AMD, several clinical studies have shown that RPE cell replacement may be a promising therapeutic option3-13. With the advent of stem cell technology, it is now possible to generate large numbers of RPE cells in vitro from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hES and hiPS) that strongly resemble their somatic counterparts functionally and anatomically14-26. Stem cell-derived RPE have also been shown to function in vivo by multiple independent groups, including our own, to significantly slow retinal degeneration in rat and mouse lines with spontaneous retinal degeneration16,18,21,22,25,28,29. This combination of clinical and preclinical supporting evidence is so compelling that several clinical trials to prevent retinal degeneration using stem cell-derived RPE cells are now ongoing30,31. 
RPE can be readily derived from hES and/or hiPS and implanted in the subretinal space of rodents using various derivation and injection techniques32,33. (See Westenskow et al. for a methods paper in multimedia format demonstrating the directed differentiation protocol we employ)34. There are critical remaining questions regarding the safety, survival, and functional capacity of exogenously delivered RPE cells upon implantation, therefore the ability to perform subretinal injections in rodents is a critical skill16,18,21,29,36,37. The delivery of RPE is not trivial, and the field is divided on the most effective injection technique. The protocol we describe here is a simple and effective way to deliver of bolus of RPE cells subretinally, and was used in the first clinical trial for stem cell-derived RPE transplantation31. (The reader may also refer to another JoVE article by Eberle et al. for an alternative depiction of subretinal injections in rodents.38) 
The technique outlined in this manuscript cannot be visualized and trauma is unavoidable (as with any subretinal injection technique). It is performed by making a hole just under the limbus vessels and inserting a blunt needle along a transscleral route to inject a bolus of cells under the diametrically opposed retina. The person doing the injection will feel resistance as the blunt needle touches the retina. The cells may be directly visualized after the injection, however, and the degree of the induced retinal detachment can be determined by labeling the RPE cells with a transient fluorescent marker and detecting them with a confocal scanning ophthalmoscope (cSLO). An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system can also be used to monitor the trauma and easily identify the injection site.

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performing subretinal injections in rodents to deliver retinal pigment epithelium cells in suspension

전기 자극으로 광 변환 외측 망막에서 발생 콘로드와 ​​감광체와 망막 색소 상피 (RPE) 세포에 의해 주로 수행된다. RPE는 감광체 및 사망 또는 RPE 세포의 기능 장애 연령 관련 황반 변성 (AMD), 명 55 세 이상에서 영구 실명의 주요 원인의 중요 특성 인 지원을 제공한다. AMD에 대한 치료법이 발견되지 않은 반면, 병변 RPE 건강한 눈 주입은 효과적인 치료를 증명할 수 있고, RPE 세포의 다수 용이 다 능성 줄기 세포로부터 생성 될 수있다. RPE 세포 전달의 안전성과 효능에 관한 몇 가지 흥미로운 질문 여전히 동물 모델에서 시험 될 수 있고, RPE를 주입하기 위해 사용되는 잘 용인 프로토콜이 개발되었다. 여기에 기재된 기술은 다양한 여러 연구 그룹에 의해 사용 된과 제 날카로운 바늘의 눈 구멍을 만드는 것을 포함한다. 블루와 다음 주사기세포로드 NT 바늘 구멍을 통해 삽입하고 부드럽게 RPE에 닿을 때까지 유리체를 통과한다. 비교적 간단하며 최소한의 설비를 필요이 주입 방법을 사용하여, 우리는 동물 모델에서 광 수용체 변성증의 상당량을 방지 호스트 RPE 사이에서 줄기 세포 유래 RPE 세포를 효율적이고 일관성있게 통합을 달성. 실제 프로토콜의 일부 있지만, 우리는 또한 주입하는 방법과 세포가 생체 내 이미징을에 사용하여 망막 하 공간에 주입되었는지 확인하는 방법에 의해 유도 된 외상의 범위를 결정하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 마지막으로,이 프로토콜의 사용은 RPE 세포에 한정되지 않는다; 이는 망막 하 공간에 임의의 화합물 또는 세포를 주입하는 데에 이용 될 수있다.

우리는이 논문에서 기재된 기술을 사용하여 신속하고 지속적으로 설치류 망막 하 공간 내로 RPE 세포의 현탁액을 제공 할 수있다. 필요한 것은 아니지만, 외상은 크게 그림 1A &amp; B의 미세 조작기와 같은 설정을 사용하여 최소화 할 수 있습니다. 일시적인 안구 돌출 그림 1C에서와 같이 쥐를 잡으십시오. 미세 조작기 또는 손에 의해 수행되는 경우에 단계는 동일; 이 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Performing Subretinal Injections in Rodents to Deliver Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Suspension at JoVE.com

Performing Subretinal Injections in Rodents to Deliver Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Suspension

서스펜션에 망막 색소 상피 세포를 제공하기 위해 설치류에서 망막 주사를 수행

Here we present a community accepted protocol in multimedia format for subretinally injecting a bolus of RPE cells in rats and mice. This approach can be used for determining rescue potentials, safety profiles, and survival capacities of grafted RPE cells upon implantation in animal models of retinal degeneration.

The conversion of light into electrical impulses occurs in the outer retina and is accomplished largely by rod and cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment ...

Research

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Medicine

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같은 자폐증과 정신 분열증과 같은 일반적인 장애에 드 노보 변이를 식별하는 전략

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Retinal Detachment Model in Rodents by Subretinal Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate

나트륨 히알루 론산의 망막 주사 설치류에있는 망막 박리 모델

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