Name: near infrared (nir) light increases expression of a marker of mitochondrial function in the mouse vestibular sensory epithelium
Uploaded: 2015-03-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium at JoVE.com

Författarna vill erkänna Dr Paul Witting och Ms Genevieve Fong för deras hjälp med mRNA extraktion och PCR, och Garnett Passe och Rodney Williams Minnesfond för support.

Etik Uttalande: Alla förfaranden som beskrivs nedan godkändes av University of Sydney Animal etikkommitté. 1. Djur OBS: 1 och 8-9 månader gammal möss (C57 / BL6) erhölls från Animal Resources Centre (Perth, Australien). Möss inrymt i Bosch Gnagare Facility vid University of Sydney. <ol><li> Hus-möss i standard mus burar på en 12/12 timmar ljus / mörker-cykel med tillgång till föda och vatten ad libitum. </li><li> Divide möss i varje ålde...

<ol>
	<li>Agrawal, Y., Carey, J. P., Della Santina, ., C, C., Schubert, M. C., Minor, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disorders+of+balance+and+vestibular+function+in+US+adults:+data+from+the+National+Health+and+Nutrition+Examination+Survey,+2001-2004.">Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004.</a> Archives of internal medicine. 169, 938-944 (2009).</li><li>Bessho, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+subthreshold+infrared+laser+treatment+for+drusen+regression+on+macular+autofluorescence+in+patients+with+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Effect of subthreshold infrared laser treatment for drusen regression on macular autofluorescence in patients with age-related macular degeneration.</a> Retina. 25, 981-988 (2005).</li><li>Olk, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+benefits+of+infrared+(810-nm)+diode+laser+macular+grid+photocoagulation+in+prophylactic+treatment+of+nonexudative+age-related+macular+degeneration:+two-year+results+of+a+randomized+pilot+study.">Therapeutic benefits of infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation in prophylactic treatment of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of a randomized pilot study.</a> Ophthalmology. 106, 2082-2090 (1999).</li><li>Rodanant, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictors+of+drusen+reduction+after+subthreshold+infrared+(810+nm)+diode+laser+macular+grid+photocoagulation+for+nonexudative+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Predictors of drusen reduction after subthreshold infrared (810 nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration.</a> American journal of ophthalmology. 134, 577-585 (2002).</li><li>De Taboada, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcranial+laser+therapy+attenuates+amyloid-beta+peptide+neuropathology+in+amyloid-beta+protein+precursor+transgenic+mice.">Transcranial laser therapy attenuates amyloid-beta peptide neuropathology in amyloid-beta protein precursor transgenic mice.</a> Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 23, 521-535 (2011).</li><li>Grillo, S. L., Duggett, N. A., Ennaceur, A., Chazot, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-invasive+infra-red+therapy+(1072+nm)+reduces+beta-amyloid+protein+levels+in+the+brain+of+an+Alzheimer's+disease+mouse+model.">Non-invasive infra-red therapy (1072 nm) reduces beta-amyloid protein levels in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.</a> TASTPM. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology. 123, 13-22 (2013).</li><li>Purushothuman, S., Johnstone, D. M., Nandasena, C., Mitrofanis, J., Stone, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photobiomodulation+with+near+infrared+light+mitigates+Alzheimer's+disease-related+pathology+in+cerebral+cortex+-+evidence+from+two+transgenic+mouse+models.">Photobiomodulation with near infrared light mitigates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in cerebral cortex - evidence from two transgenic mouse models.</a> Alzheimer's researc., &amp; therapy. 6, 2 (2014).</li><li>Sommer, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=670+nm+laser+light+and+EGCG+complementarily+reduce+amyloid-beta+aggregates+in+human+neuroblastoma+cells:+basis+for+treatment+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">670 nm laser light and EGCG complementarily reduce amyloid-beta aggregates in human neuroblastoma cells: basis for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Photomedicine and laser surgery. 30, 54-60 (2012).</li><li>Moro, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photobiomodulation+preserves+behaviour+and+midbrain+dopaminergic+cells+from+MPTP+toxicity:+evidence+from+two+mouse+strains.">Photobiomodulation preserves behaviour and midbrain dopaminergic cells from MPTP toxicity: evidence from two mouse strains.</a> BMC neuroscience. 14, 40 (2013).</li><li>Peoples, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photobiomodulation+enhances+nigral+dopaminergic+cell+survival+in+a+chronic+MPTP+mouse+model+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Photobiomodulation enhances nigral dopaminergic cell survival in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.</a> Parkinsonis., &amp; related. 18, 469-476 (2012).</li><li>Shaw, V. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroprotection+of+midbrain+dopaminergic+cells+in+MPTP-treated+mice+after+near-infrared+light+treatment.">Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP-treated mice after near-infrared light treatment.</a> The Journal of comparative neurology. 518, 25-40 (2010).</li><li>Ying, R., Liang, H. L., Whelan, H. T., Eells, J. T., Wong-Riley, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+with+near-infrared+light+via+light-emitting+diode+provides+added+benefit+against+rotenone-+and+MPP+-induced+neurotoxicity.">Pretreatment with near-infrared light via light-emitting diode provides added benefit against rotenone- and MPP+-induced neurotoxicity.</a> Brain research. 1243, 167-173 (2008).</li><li>Rajguru, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infrared+photostimulation+of+the+crista+ampullaris.">Infrared photostimulation of the crista ampullaris.</a> The Journal of physiology. 589, 1283-1294 (2011).</li><li>Chung, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nuts+and+bolts+of+low-level+laser+(light)+therapy.">The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy.</a> Annals of biomedical engineering. 40, 516-533 (2012).</li><li>Desmet, K. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+and+experimental+applications+of+NIR-LED+photobiomodulation.">Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation.</a> Photomedicine and laser surgery. 24, 121-128 (2006).</li><li>Huang, Y. Y., Chen, A. C., Carroll, J. D., Hamblin, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biphasic+dose+response+in+low+level+light+therapy.">Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy.</a> Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society. 7, 358-383 (2009).</li><li>Rojas, J. C., Gonzalez-Lima, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-level+light+therapy+of+the+eye+and+brain.">Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain.</a> Eye and brain. 3, 49-67 (2011).</li><li>Vranceanu, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Striated+organelle,+a+cytoskeletal+structure+positioned+to+modulate+hair-cell+transduction.">Striated organelle, a cytoskeletal structure positioned to modulate hair-cell transduction.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109, 4473-4478 (2012).</li><li>Johnson, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separate+and+combined+effects+of+Sod1+and+Cdh23+mutations+on+age-related+hearing+loss+and+cochlear+pathology+in+C57BL/6J+mice.">Separate and combined effects of Sod1 and Cdh23 mutations on age-related hearing loss and cochlear pathology in C57BL/6J mice.</a> Hearing research. 268, 85-92 (2010).</li><li>Tung, V. W., Di Marco, S., Lim, R., Brichta, A. M., Camp, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+isolated+semi-intact+preparation+of+the+mouse+vestibular+sensory+epithelium+for+electrophysiology+and+high-resolution+two-photon+microscopy.">An isolated semi-intact preparation of the mouse vestibular sensory epithelium for electrophysiology and high-resolution two-photon microscopy.</a> Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE. , e50471 (2013).</li><li>Kirby, J., Menzies, F. M., Cookson, M. R., Bushby, K., Shaw, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+gene+expression+in+a+cell+culture+model+of+SOD1-related+familial+motor+neurone+disease.">Differential gene expression in a cell culture model of SOD1-related familial motor neurone disease.</a> Human molecular genetics. 11, 2061-2075 (2002).</li><li>Parry, S. N., Ellis, N., Li, Z., Maitz, P., Witting, P. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoglobin+induces+oxidative+stress+and+decreases+endocytosis+and+monolayer+permissiveness+in+cultured+kidney+epithelial+cells+without+affecting+viability.">Myoglobin induces oxidative stress and decreases endocytosis and monolayer permissiveness in cultured kidney epithelial cells without affecting viability.</a> Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. 31, 16-28 (2008).</li><li>Saee-Rad, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+superoxide+dismutase+1,+dual-specificity+phosphatase+1,+and+transforming+growth+factor,+beta+1+genes+expression+in+keratoconic+and+non-keratoconic+corneas.">Analysis of superoxide dismutase 1, dual-specificity phosphatase 1, and transforming growth factor, beta 1 genes expression in keratoconic and non-keratoconic corneas.</a> Molecular vision. 19, 2501-2507 (2013).</li><li>Albert, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRPV4+channels+mediate+the+infrared+laser-evoked+response+in+sensory+neurons.">TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons.</a> Journal of neurophysiology. 107, 3227-3234 (2012).</li><li>Moro, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photobiomodulation+inside+the+brain:+a+novel+method+of+applying+near-infrared+light+intracranially+and+its+impact+on+dopaminergic+cell+survival+in+MPTP-treated+mice.">Photobiomodulation inside the brain: a novel method of applying near-infrared light intracranially and its impact on dopaminergic cell survival in MPTP-treated mice.</a> Journal of neuroscience. 120, 670-683 (2014).</li><li>Moreno, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infrared+neural+stimulation:+beam+path+in+the+guinea+pig+cochlea.">Infrared neural stimulation: beam path in the guinea pig cochlea.</a> Hearing research. 282, 289-302 (2011).</li><li>Curthoys, I. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+red+thread+as+a+guide+in+the+vestibular+labyrinth.">A red thread as a guide in the vestibular labyrinth.</a> The Journal of physiology. 589, 1241-1241 (2011).</li><li>Chakrabarti, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+Dysfunction+during+Brain+Aging:+Role+of+Oxidative+Stress+and+Modulation+by+Antioxidant+Supplementation.">Mitochondrial Dysfunction during Brain Aging: Role of Oxidative Stress and Modulation by Antioxidant Supplementation.</a> Aging and disease. 2, 242-256 (2011).</li><li>Petrosillo, G., De Benedictis, V., Ruggiero, F. M., Paradies, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decline+in+cytochrome+c+oxidase+activity+in+rat-brain+mitochondria+with+aging.+Role+of+peroxidized+cardiolipin+and+beneficial+effect+of+melatonin.">Decline in cytochrome c oxidase activity in rat-brain mitochondria with aging. Role of peroxidized cardiolipin and beneficial effect of melatonin.</a> Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes. 45, 431-440 (2013).</li><li>Zhu, H., Sun, A., Zou, Y., Ge, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducible+metabolic+adaptation+promotes+mesenchymal+stem+cell+therapy+for+ischemia:+a+hypoxia-induced+and+glycogen-based+energy+prestorage+strategy.">Inducible metabolic adaptation promotes mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemia: a hypoxia-induced and glycogen-based energy prestorage strategy.</a> Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 34, 870-876 (2014).</li></ol>

De representativa resultat som beskrivs här visar att korta transkraniell leverans av NIR ljus (90 sek / dag i 5 dagar) är tillräcklig för att höja nivåerna av antioxidant uttryck i äldre möss jämfört med skenbehandlade möss. Medan avges värmen kan utgöra en källa till mitokondrie och / eller neuronal aktivering, som rapporterats för råtta vestibulära afferenter 24 - vår mätning av värme som avges av NIR LED-enheten var &lt;0,2 ° C under 90 sekunder, och som sådan är osannolikt att orsa...

Degressiv prestanda och efterföljande faller är vanliga, och tyvärr ofta definierar funktioner i naturliga åldrandet 1. Effekterna av denna nedgång kan vara både fysiskt och socialt, och minskar livskvaliteten för äldre människor. Som svar har fysiska behandlingar och rehabilitering varit i fokus för forskning om fallen men har inte förknippats med en jämn reduktion av förekomsten av upprepade fall. Samtidigt, arbete undersöker förändringar i perifera eller centrala vestibulära systemet (systemet som ansvarar för att upprätthålla balansen) är knapp, och potentiella terapeutiska strategier inriktade dessa system och de bakomliggande orsakerna till obalansen begränsad. Senaste arbete på åldersassocierade neurodegenerativa sjukdomar inklusive åldersrelaterad makuladegeneration 2-4, Alzheimers sjukdom modellerna 5-8, och Parkinsons sjukdom 9-12 har visat nervskyddande effekter av simple icke-invasiv applikation av nära infraröd (NIR) ljus. Vidare, i vestibulära systemet, NIR har använts för att öka aktiviteten av vestibulära primära afferenta neuron in vitro 13. Medan mekanismen för NIR ljus inte väl förstådd, har de flesta studier med NIR föreslog att Nir stimulerar mitokondrier komplex IV (cytokrom c oxidas) 14-17 för att underlätta cellulär metabolism. I vestibulära sensoriska epitelet den subkutikulär tallrik typ I hårceller är tät i mitokondrierna 18 och som sådan kan representera ett verkningsställe för terapeutisk NIR behandling. Här, en kort, icke-invasiv behandling regim transcranially tillämpas Nir som kan användas för att mäta cellulär metabolism (och underförstått, mitokondriefunktion) i musen vestibulära sensoriska epitel beskrivs. Också diskuteras är ett preparat i vestibulära sensoriska epitel och det visas att Nir ökar uttrycket av en ubiquitooss antioxidant (superoxiddismutas 1) i sensoriska epitel - tidigare visat sig vara viktiga för cochlea hår cellöverlevnad 19.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="603">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Quantum WARP 10</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Quantum Devices</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2070N030-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;">Screw top microtubules</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Quality Scientific Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">520-GRD-Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Parnell, Alexandria Australia</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Pattern Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14001-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Carbon steel Surgical Blades #22</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Livingstone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SBLDCL 22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Friedman-Pearson Rongeurs</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16221-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Stereo microscope</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A60S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dumont #5 SF Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11252-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Isolate II RNA Micro Kit</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Bioline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BIO-52075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

near infrared (nir) light increases expression of a marker of mitochondrial function in the mouse vestibular sensory epithelium

Strategier för att dämpa nedgången i balans funktion med stigande ålder är övervägande fokuserade på fysiska behandlingar inklusive balans uppgifter och motion. Men dessa metoder inte ta itu med de bakomliggande orsakerna till balans nedgång. Använda möss, var effekten av nära infrarött ljus (NIR) på metabolismen av celler i det vestibulära sensoriska epitelet bedömas. Data som samlats in visar att denna enkla och säkra ingripande kan skydda dessa utsatta celler från de skadliga effekterna av naturligt åldrande. mRNA extraherades från den isolerade perifera vestibulära sensoriska epitelet (Crista ampullaris och utrikulära makula) och därefter transkriberas till ett cDNA-bibliotek. Detta bibliotek sonderades sedan för uttryck av allestädes närvarande antioxidant (SOD-1). Antioxidant genexpression användes sedan för att kvantifiera cellulär metabolism. Använda transkraniell leverans av NIR i unga (4 veckor) och äldre (8-9 månader) möss, och en kort behandlingsregim (90 sek / dag för 5 days) tyder detta arbete Nir ensam kan vara tillräcklig för att förbättra mitokondriell funktion i det vestibulära sensoriska epitelet. Eftersom det för närvarande inga tillgängliga, prisvärda, icke-invasiva metoder för terapi för att förbättra vestibulära hår cellfunktion, ger tillämpningen av externa NIR-strålning en potentiell strategi för att motverka effekterna av åldrande på cellulär metabolism inthe vestibulära sensoriska epitel.

För att jämföra effekten av att NIR behandling hos unga (4 veckor) och äldre (8-9 månader) möss vi mätte uttrycket av antioxidant superoxiddismutas 1 (SOD-1) hos unga (n = 16) och äldre (n = 20) möss som var NIR-behandlade, skenbehandlade eller NIR-blockerad. Figur 2 visar en signifikant ökning i β-aktin normaliserad SOD-1 expression av mer än 2-faldigt i unga NIR-behandlade djur jämfört med unga skenbehandlade djur (p &lt;0,01) och unga NIR-blockerade djur (p &lt;0,01). Äldre NIR-behandl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium at JoVE.com

Near Infrared NIr Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Near Infrared (NIR) Ljus Ökar Uttryck av en markör av mitokondriefunktion i Mus Vestibular Sensorisk epitel

Mitokondriell dysfunktion är ett kännetecken för cellulärt åldrande. Denna uppsats använder icke-invasiv nära infraröd (NIR) behandling för att förbättra mitokondriefunktion i den åldrande musen vestibulära sensoriska epitel.

Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Near Infrared (NIr) Light Increases Expression of a Marker of Mitochondrial Function in the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium

Exploring Cognitive Functions in Babies, Children &amp; Adults with Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Exploring Cognitive Functions in Babies, Children & Adults with Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Exploring kognitiva funktioner hos Bebisar, Barn &amp; Vuxna med nära infraröd spektroskopi

An explosion of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies investigating cortical activation in relation to higher cognitive processes, such as ...

Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency

Använda Gene Pulser MXcell elektroporation System till transfektera primärceller med hög verkningsgrad

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: En metod för att studera den tredimensionella arkitektur för ledare.

The three-dimensional folding of chromosomes compartmentalizes the genome and and can bring distant functional elements, such as promoters and enhancers, ...

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Hjälp av ett automatiserat celltalsräknare att förenkla Studier Gene Expression: siRNA Knockdown av IL-4 beroende genuttryck i Namalwa Cells

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Beredning av Active T. castaneum Telomeras

Efforts to isolate the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in sufficient quantities for structural studies, have been met with limited success for more ...

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

Använda högupplöst datortomografi för att visualisera den tredimensionella strukturen och funktion växt kärlsystem

High resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRCT) is a non-destructive diagnostic imaging technique with sub-micron resolution capability that is now being ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

MikroRNA Expression Profiler av Human iPS-celler, pigmentepitelet härledas från iPS, och Fetal pigmentepitelet

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Metod för bedömning av effekterna av ett intervall av våglängder och intensiteter från Red / nära infraröda Ljusterapi på oxidativ stress<em&gt; In Vitro</em

Red/near-infrared light therapy (R/NIR-LT), delivered by laser or light emitting diode (LED), improves functional and morphological outcomes in a range of ...

Studying Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Drosophila Ovaries

Studying Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Drosophila Ovaries

Studera Mitokondriell struktur och funktion i<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Äggstockar

Analysis of the mitochondrial structure-function relationship is required for a thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial ...

Primary Cell Cultures from the Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Primära cellkulturer från mus Retinal pigmentepitel

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly polarized multi-functional epithelium that is located between the neural retina and the choroid of the ...