Name: simple method for fluorescence dna in situ hybridization to squashed chromosomes
Uploaded: 2015-01-06T10:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes at JoVE.com

We thank Zhaohua Irene Tang in the W. M. Keck Science Department for the use of her epifluorescence microscope and the Werren lab for donating Nasonia for dissections. This work was supported in part by an NIH-NRSA fellowship (5F32GM105317-02) to AML.

1.组织解剖和固定（60分钟） <ol><li>对果蝇的大脑，放在第三龄幼虫在下降的1×PBS（磷酸盐缓冲盐水）中。选择大的3 龄幼虫正在积极从小瓶或瓶子是不是人满为患爬行。 <ol><li>用一个镊子超细对抓牢口钩，另一镊子对抢2/3下来身体（ 图1A，B）的长度。上嘴钩轻轻一拉，露出大脑，腹侧神经节，唾液腺及部分幼虫消化道。使用镊子分离脑和腹侧神经节（ 图1A，B...

<ol>
	<li>Blattes, R., Kas, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+in+situ+hybridization+(FISH)+on+diploid+nuclei+and+mitotic+chromosomes+from+Drosophila+melanogaster+larval+tissues.">Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on diploid nuclei and mitotic chromosomes from Drosophila melanogaster larval tissues.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2009 (9), (2009).</li><li>Dimitri, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+in+situ+hybridization+with+transposable+element+probes+to+mitotic+chromosomal+heterochromatin+of+Drosophila.">Fluorescent in situ hybridization with transposable element probes to mitotic chromosomal heterochromatin of Drosophila.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 260, 29-39 (2004).</li><li>Pardue, M. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequence+finishing+and+mapping+of+Drosophila+melanogaster+heterochromatin.">Sequence finishing and mapping of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin.</a> Science. 316 (58331), 1625-1628 (2007).</li><li>Treangen, T. J., Salzberg, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repetitive+DNA+and+next-generation+sequencing:+computational+challenges+and+solutions.">Repetitive DNA and next-generation sequencing: computational challenges and solutions.</a> Nature Reviews Genetics. 13 (1), 36-46 (2012).</li><li>He, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+pericentric+heterochromatin+by+comparative+genomic+hybridization+analysis+and+chromosome+deletions+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Mapping the pericentric heterochromatin by comparative genomic hybridization analysis and chromosome deletions in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> Genome Research. 22 (12), 2507-2519 (2012).</li><li>Pimpinelli, S., Bonaccorsi, S., Fanti, L., Gatti, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+in+situ+hybridization+(FISH)+of+mitotic+chromosomes+from+Drosophila+larval+brain.">Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of mitotic chromosomes from Drosophila larval brain.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2010 (3), (2010).</li><li>Larracuente, A. M., Noor, M. A., Clark, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translocation+of+Y-linked+genes+to+the+dot+chromosome+in+Drosophila+pseudoobscura.">Translocation of Y-linked genes to the dot chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura.</a> Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27 (7), 1612-1620 (2010).</li><li>Ferree, P. M., Barbash, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Species-specific+heterochromatin+prevents+mitotic+chromosome+segregation+to+cause+hybrid+lethality+in+Drosophila.">Species-specific heterochromatin prevents mitotic chromosome segregation to cause hybrid lethality in Drosophila.</a> PLoS Biology. 7 (10), e1000234 (2009).</li><li>Williams, B. C., Karr, T. L., Montgomery, J. M., Goldberg, M. 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H., Stouthamer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PSR+(paternal+sex+ratio)+chromosomes:+the+ultimate+selfish+genetic+elements.">PSR (paternal sex ratio) chromosomes: the ultimate selfish genetic elements.</a> Genetica. 117 (1), 85-101 (2003).</li></ol>

DNA的原位杂交是经常用于映射特定序列的染色体。我们描述了一个简单的方法DNA ISH高拷贝数，异色序列优化。而不是使用洗涤的甲酰胺溶液中，这是在其他现有的DNA ISH协议的要求，我们直接放置在预加热块组织安装滑动到使DNA变性。这种方法绕过了使用大量的甲酰胺。用于产生脆的杂交信号的一个关键步骤是使用新鲜制备的固定溶液;如果不这样做（或者使用多聚甲醛是已经开放超过一个月新溶...

原位杂交（ISH的DNA）的DNA是一种常用的方法进行映射的序列，以特定的染色体区域。可以通过少数的方法，包括缺口转译或长DNA产物1,2-末端标记和deoxygenin（DIG）的掺入-attached核苷酸及其识别通过各种各样的产生内常染色质探针，以单拷贝区基的缀合抗体1-3。在几个或单拷贝数常染色体序列的可视化需要使用任何单一的大型探测器具有高比活或多个较小的探针共同增强信号的鸡尾酒。 与此相反，在异发现高度重复序列，诸如卫星的DNA，是用于DNA ISH更容易的目标，因为它们通常作为几十到重复聚集在被称为块的单染色体区域的数千存在。转座元件也可以是在不同的时染色体位点2个高拷贝数发现。在这些情况下，单个探针具有低比活性可以有效标记异色序列由于在多个位点的杂交。探针的重复序列可被合成市售的短的寡核苷酸（30-50碱基对）和化学缀合与任何多种不同的荧光团。通过基因组测序技术绘制内异染色质重复序列是困难的，因为在高度重复的卫星模块4-6,7建筑脚手架遇到的挑战。目前，ISH站作为在子染色体水平映射这些序列的最有效的方法。这种策略是映射大批正在通过发现正在进行的基因组和转录组测序研究的重复序列的重要。 映射重复序列上滑动安装染色体的效率和易于将选取gre通过对DNA ISH简化协议atly增强。例如，对于DNA的ISH现有的协议涉及杂交的组织中的甲酰胺溶液2,8-多次洗涤，从而增加大致映射序列所需的时间，也产生这种昂贵试剂的大量化学废物。在这里，我们描述了一个修订后的DNA ISH方法规避，需要甲酰胺清洗，并利用基本的实验室设备和试剂。该方法最初是通过使用缀合有荧光染料商业合成的寡核苷酸设计为在果蝇幼虫的神经母细胞异染色质区域高度重复的DNA序列的快速映射。但是，这种方法也适用于通过使用通过其他方式9,10和跨多个不同的组织和染色体类型合成更大的探针映射重复序列。此外，此方法可用于通过使用较长或MULTIP映射常染色质的序列乐，感兴趣的常染色体序列中短探针。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="542">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:285px;"></td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Materials&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Poly-L-lysine coated slides (regular slides also can be used)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Ultrafine tweezers (5 gauge)</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">22mmx22mm cover slips, Sigmacote-treated by immersion for 15 seconds, blotting dry, and wiping away all traces of Sigmacote so that cover slip is clear</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Sigmacote</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Filter paper (75-150mm)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Paraffin wax paper</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Heat block with thermometer</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Dry incubator</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td colspan="2" height="17" style="height:17px;">Humidity chamber (empty pipette tip box or Tupperware, lined with moistened paper towels or Kimwipes)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Coplin jars (with slide grooves)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Aluminum foil</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Pasteur pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">1.5 mL microfuge tubes</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Nail polish (clear or colored)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">2-20 &#956;L micropipette and plastic tips</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td colspan="2" height="17" style="height:17px;">20-25 standard metal paperclips linked to form a chain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td>Company/Notes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">16% EM grade paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">100% Ethanol, chemical grade</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td colspan="2" height="17" style="height:17px;">Commercially synthesized, fluorescently labeled oligos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Long biotinylated probe (e.g. nick translated and biotinylated with BioNick from Invitrogen)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen; Alternative steps 2.7.1-2.7.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Rhodamine-Avidin (for detection of long biotinylated probe)</td>
			<td>Roche; Alternative steps 2.7.1-2.7.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Hybridization buffer</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">4X SSCT (Saline-sodium citrate + Tween)</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">0.1X SSC (Saline-sodium citrate)</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Blocking solution</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">SBT (SSC, Bovine serum albumin, Tween)</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">1X PBT (Phosphate-buffered saline + Tween)</td>
			<td>Recipe below</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">1X PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td colspan="2" height="17" style="height:17px;">Hypotonic solution (0.5% sodium citrate in H2O)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Formamide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Vectashield mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Vector laboratories</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

simple method for fluorescence dna in situ hybridization to squashed chromosomes

原位杂交（ISH的DNA）的DNA是一种常用的方法进行映射的序列，以特定的染色体区域。这种方法是在映射高度重复序列，以异染色质区域，其中，计算方法面临令人望而却步的挑战特别有效。在这里，我们描述了一个精简的协议，用于DNA ISH是规避洗甲酰胺是在其他DNA ISH协议的标准步骤。我们的协议被优化用于与携带荧光染料，从而有效地标记在多个不同的昆虫组织类型的异色染色体区域内的重复DNA序列的短单链DNA探针杂交。然而，应用程序可被扩展较大探针和单拷贝（非重复）的DNA序列的可视化中使用。我们证明了该方法通过映射几个不同的重复序列从果蝇染色体挤压神经果蝇细胞和金小蜂vitripennis精母细胞。我们表明杂交模式均小，商业合成的探针和用于比较的较大探针。此过程使用简单的实验室耗材和试剂，是理想的谁与执行DNA ISH一点经验调查。

为了证明这种方法，我们杂交的一组小，以致被化学修饰的荧光偶联物（ 图2）和一个较长的生物素化的探针商业合成的寡核苷酸（通过PCR产物的切口平移制成; 图2B），以染色体从几个不同的组织类型（ 见表1）。目标序列包括位于从D.有丝分裂染色体着丝粒（异）地区的卫星重复果蝇幼虫神经母细胞（ 图2A-C）和减数分裂染色体从?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes at JoVE.com

Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes

对于荧光DNA的简易方法<em&gt;原位</em&gt;杂交来压扁染色体

Here, we present a simple method for performing fluorescence DNA in situ hybridization (DNA ISH) to visualize repetitive heterochromatic sequences on slide-mounted chromosomes. The method requires minimal reagents and it is versatile for use with short or long probes, different tissues, and detection with fluorescence or non-fluorescence-based signals.

DNA in situ hybridization (DNA ISH) is a commonly used method for mapping sequences to specific chromosome regions. This approach is particularly ...

Research

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Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes

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Pharmacogenetic research benefits first-hand from the abundance of information provided by the completion of the Human Genome Project. With such a ...

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Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos

双整装原位杂交技术在早期鸡胚

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Protocol in Human Sperm

Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH Protocol in Human Sperm

荧光原位杂交（FISH）的议定书“在人类精子

Aneuploidies are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Most of these abnormalities result from meiotic errors during the gametogenic ...

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH

荧光检测病毒RNA<em&gt;原位</em&gt;杂交（FISH）

Viruses  that infect cells elicit specific changes to normal cell functions which serve  to divert energy and resources for viral replication. Many ...

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

高通量使用自动染色体的物理图谱<em&gt;原位</em&gt;杂交

Projects to obtain whole-genome sequences for 10,000 vertebrate species1 and for 5,000 insect and related arthropod species2 are expected to take place ...

Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

可视化和分析的mRNA分子，使用荧光<em&gt;在原位</em&gt;杂交<em&gt;酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）</em

The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) method allows one to detect nucleic acids in the native cellular environment. Here we provide a protocol for ...

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

微RNA<em&gt;原位</em&gt;杂交的福尔马林固定的肾组织

In this article we describe a method for colorimetric detection of miRNA in the kidney through in situ hybridization with digoxigenin tagged microRNA ...

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization FISH to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

结合DNA-RNA荧光<em&gt;原位</em&gt;杂交（FISH）研究X染色体失活的分化雌​​性小鼠胚胎干细胞

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique which enables the detection of nucleic acids in cells. DNA FISH is often used in ...

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

整个山<em&gt;原位</em&gt;对腹足软体动物杂交方法<em&gt;静水椎实螺</em

Whole mount in situ hybridization (WMISH) is a technique that allows for the spatial resolution of nucleic acid molecules (often mRNAs) within a ...

Filtration Isolation of Nucleic Acids:  A Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method

核酸的分离过滤：一种简单快速的DNA提取方法

FINA, filtration isolation of nucleic acids, is a novel extraction method which utilizes vertical filtration via a separation membrane and absorbent pad ...