Name: environmental modulations of the number of midbrain dopamine neurons in adult mice
Uploaded: 2015-01-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice at JoVE.com

This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Project grant 1022839. AJH is an Australian Research Council (ARC) FT3 Future Fellow (FT100100835). The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health acknowledges support from the Victorian Government&#8217;s Operational Infrastructure Support Grant.

OPMERKING: Alle experimentele procedures op dieren werden goedgekeurd door de Florey Instituut voor Neurowetenschappen en geestelijke gezondheid Animal Ethics Committee en voldoen aan de Australische National Health en Medical Research Council gepubliceerd gedragscode voor de verzorging en het gebruik van dieren voor wetenschappelijke doeleinden (7 e editie, 2004). 1. Milieu Manipulaties <ol><li> Geslacht Koppelen <ol><li> Gebruik geslachtsrijp (&gt; 8 weken oud), leeftijd gemat...

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Milieu-manipulaties De motivatie achter het ontwerp van deze milieu-manipulaties (geslacht koppelen en milieu verrijking) was om te bepalen of het milieu, en / of het gedrag ingegeven door het milieu, wordt geassocieerd met veranderingen in het aantal middenhersenen DA neuronen. De focus lag daarom op het leveren van omgevingen en het stimuleren van gedrag dat waarschijnlijk middenhersenen DA signalering betrekken. Deze omvatten het koppelen met het andere geslacht, en het milieu ve...

DArgic signalering door neuronen in het ventrale tegmentale gebied (VTA) en substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) van de middenhersenen wordt gedacht belangrijk voor een beloning gemotiveerd cognitieve, emotionele en motorische gedrag te zijn. Echter, te veel of te weinig middenhersenen DA signalering veroorzaakt veel invaliderende symptomen in een verscheidenheid van neurologische aandoeningen (zoals de ziekte van Parkinson, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, schizofrenie, en drugsverslaving). Geneesmiddelen die verhogen of verlagen DA signalering verlichten deze symptomen, maar ze produceren ook bijwerkingen toe te schrijven aan ontregelde signalering en off-target effecten. Drug werkzaamheid neemt af in de tijd door de compenserende responsen van de hersenen. De uitdaging is dan ook om de normale middenhersenen DA signalering te herstellen in een meer gerichte en fysiologische manier, en een favoriete aanpak is door het verhogen of verlagen van het aantal middenhersenen DA neuronen. Bewijs is accumuleren voor sevrale decennia dat de expressie van genen en eiwitten die betrokken zijn bij het ​​metaboliseren van en handel DA en andere catecholaminen in de volwassen volwassen cellen is aanpasbaar (beoordeeld in 1). In de middenhersenen, vermindert het aantal tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositieve (TH +, de snelheidsbeperkende enzym in DA synthese) neuronen dan verhoogt volgende neurotoxine administratie 2,3, terwijl het aantal TH immunonegative (TH-) neuronen toont het tegenovergestelde patroon (dwz toeneemt Vervolgens daalt 3). Dit is consistent met het verlies dan winnen van de &quot;DA fenotype &#39;van sommige cellen. Het aantal TH + en TH- SNc neuronen is ook aangetoond veranderen in gelijke maar tegengestelde richtingen na verschillende behandelingen die de elektrische activiteit van deze cellen 4,5 veranderen. Bijvoorbeeld, infusie van de kleine geleiding, door calcium geactiveerde kalium (SK) kanaal antagonist apamin in middenhersenen gedurende 2 weken vermindert het aantal TH + en verhogingen (met hetzelfde bedrag) number van TH- SNc neuronen 4,5. Daarentegen infusie van de SK kanaal agonist 1-Ebio verhoogt het aantal TH + en vermindert (met dezelfde hoeveelheid) het aantal TH- SNc neuronen 4,5. Vergelijkbare veranderingen werden waargenomen na verschillende behandelingen voor SNc neuronale activiteit, waarvan sommige afferente input 4 gericht. Deze schijnbare regeling van het aantal SNc DArgic neuronen van neuronale activiteit en afferente invoer oppert de mogelijkheid dat het milieu of het gedrag aantal SNc neuronen beïnvloeden. Indeed volwassen muizen blootgesteld aan verschillende omgevingen of meer middenhersenen (SNc en VTA) TH + neuronen, en ten minste enkele van deze milieu-geïnduceerde veranderingen opgeheven door gelijktijdige blokkade van synaptische input middenhersenen 6. De doelstellingen van deze mededeling zijn: (1) geven meer details over hoe we onze milieu-manipulaties en infusies met geneesmiddelen uit te voeren; en (2) nadere gegevens ter ondersteuning van onze stelling dat de environment regelt het aantal middenhersenen DA neuronen, via afferente ingang.

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			<td style="width:636px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Isofluorane</td>
			<td style="width:636px;">Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd, Baxter Drive, NSW 2146, Australia</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">ALZET Osmotic pump 1002</td>
			<td style="width:636px;">DURECT Corporation, PO Box 530 Cupertino, CA 95015-0530</td>
			<td>0004317</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">ALZET Brain infusion kit 1</td>
			<td style="width:636px;">DURECT Corporation, PO Box 530 Cupertino, CA 95015-0530</td>
			<td>0004760</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">ALZET cannula holder 1</td>
			<td style="width:636px;">DURECT Corporation, PO Box 530 Cupertino, CA 95015-0530</td>
			<td>0008860</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Vertex Monomer Self-curing (dental acrylic solvent)</td>
			<td>Vertex Dental, Postbus 10, 3700 AA ZEIST, The Netherlands</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Vertex Self Curing (dental acrylic powder)</td>
			<td>Vertex Dental, Postbus 10, 3700 AA ZEIST, The Netherlands</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">METACAM (Meloxicam)</td>
			<td>Troy Laboratories, 98 long Street, smithfield NSW 2164 Australia</td>
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			<td>Lethabarb, Virbac, Milperra, NSW, Australia</td>
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			<td>chemicon-temecula, CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S26-Litre</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore Headquarters&#160;, 290 Concord road, Billerica, MA 01821</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.08603.1000</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:379px;">Polyclonal rabbit anti-tyrosine hydroxylase</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore Headquarters&#160;, 290 Concord road, Billerica, MA 01821</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AB152</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polyclonal biotinylated goat anti-rabbit</td>
			<td>Dako Australia Pty. Ltd., Suite 4, Level 4, 56 Berry street, North Sydney, NSW, Australia 2060</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EO432</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Avidin peroxidase</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich, Castle Hill, NSW 1765 AU</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A3151-1mg</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Diamino-benzidine</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich, Castle Hill, NSW 1765 AU</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D-5637</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stereo Investigator</td>
			<td>MicroBrightField Bioscience, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Suite 101, Williston, VT 05495</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

environmental modulations of the number of midbrain dopamine neurons in adult mice

Langdurige veranderingen in de hersenen of &#39;plasticiteit van het brein&#39; ten grondslag liggen aan adaptief gedrag en de hersenen herstel na ziekte of letsel. Bovendien kan de interactie met onze omgeving plasticiteit van het brein te induceren. In toenemende mate wordt het onderzoek probeert te identificeren welke omgevingen plasticiteit van het brein gunstig voor de behandeling van de hersenen en gedragsstoornissen te stimuleren. Twee milieu manipulaties beschreven die verhogen of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive (TH +, de snelheidsbeperkende enzym in dopamine (DA) synthese) in de volwassen muis middenhersenen verlagen neuronen. De eerste bestaat koppeling mannelijke en vrouwelijke muizen continu samen gedurende 1 week, waarbij middenhersenen TH + neuronen in mannetjes verhoogt met ongeveer 12%, maar vermindert middenhersenen TH + neuronen met ongeveer 12% bij vrouwen. De tweede groep omvat een behuizing muizen continu voor 2 weken in &#39;verrijkte omgeving&#39; (EE) met loopwielen, speelgoed, touwen, nestmateriaal, enz., Die ikncreases middenhersenen TH + neuronen met ongeveer 14% bij mannen. Daarnaast wordt een protocol beschreven voor gelijktijdige infusie van medicijnen direct in de middenhersenen tijdens deze milieu manipulaties om onderliggende mechanismen milieuredenen hersenplasticiteit identificeren. Bijvoorbeeld wordt EE-inductie van meer middenhersenen TH + neuronen afgeschaft gelijktijdige blokkade van synaptische ingang op neuronen van de middenhersenen. Samen vormen deze gegevens blijkt dat informatie over het milieu wordt doorgegeven via synaptische input voor middenhersenen neuronen om in of uit uitdrukking van &#39;DA&#39; genen schakelen. Zo passende milieueisen stimulatie, of drug targeting van de onderliggende mechanismen, nuttig voor de behandeling van de hersenen en gedragsstoornissen in verband met onevenwichtigheden in de middenhersenen DA zou kunnen zijn (bijvoorbeeld de ziekte van Parkinson, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, schizofrenie, en drugsverslaving).

Volwassen muizen blootgesteld aan deze milieu manipulaties aantallen middenhersenen (SNc en VTA), maar niet LC veranderd, TH + neuronen en EE plus gelijktijdige middenhersenen infusie van hetzij picrotoxine of bicuculline (GABAA-receptorantagonisten) afschaft EE-inductie van meer SNc TH + neuronen. Deze gegevens werden eerder gepubliceerd 6. De huidige gegevens zijn verzameld in repliceren experimenten uitgevoerd als onderdeel van die vorige studie, maar zijn niet elders gepubliceerd. <p class=...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice at JoVE.com

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice

This protocol describes two different environmental manipulations and a concurrent brain infusion protocol to study environmentally-induced brain changes underlying adaptive behavior and brain repair in adult mice.

Milieu Modulaties van het aantal dopaminesysteem Neuronen in volwassen muizen

Long-lasting changes in the brain or &#8216;brain plasticity&#8217; underlie adaptive behavior and brain repair following disease or injury. Furthermore, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Application of a NMDA Receptor Conductance in Rat Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using the Dynamic Clamp Technique

Toepassing van een NMDA-receptor Conductance in Rat middenhersenen dopaminerge neuronen Met behulp van de Dynamic clamp techniek

Neuroscientists study the function of the brain by investigating how neurons in the brain communicate. Many investigators look at changes in the ...

Studying the Integration of Adult-born Neurons

Het bestuderen van de integratie van Adult geboren Neuronen

Neurogenesis occurs in adult mammalian brains in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and in the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the ...

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

Een<em&gt; In-vitro</em&gt; Voorbereiding van Geïsoleerde enterische neuronen en Glia uit de myenterische Plexus van de Adult Mouse

The enteric nervous system is a vast network of neurons and glia running the length of the gastrointestinal tract that functionally controls ...

Membrane Potential Dye Imaging of Ventromedial Hypothalamus Neurons From Adult Mice to Study Glucose Sensing

Membraanpotentiaal Dye beeldvorming van ventromedial hypothalamus neuronen van volwassen muizen om te studeren Glucose Sensing

Studies of neuronal activity are often performed using neurons from rodents less than 2 months of age due to the technical difficulties associated with ...

Lineage-reprogramming of Pericyte-derived Cells of the Adult Human Brain into Induced Neurons

Lineage-herprogrammering van pericyte-afgeleide cellen van het volwassen menselijke hersenen in Induced Neuronen

Direct lineage-reprogramming of non-neuronal cells into induced neurons (iNs) may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis ...

Laser Capture Microdissection - A Demonstration of the Isolation of Individual Dopamine Neurons and the Entire Ventral Tegmental Area

Lasermicrodissectie - Een demonstratie van de Isolatie van individuele dopamineneuronen en de Gehele Ventral tegmentum

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is used to isolate a concentrated population of individual cells or precise anatomical regions of tissue from tissue ...

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Subcellulaire Patch-clamp opnamen in het somatodendritische Domein van nigrale Dopamine Neuronen

Dendrites of dopaminergic neurons receive and convey synaptic input, support action potential back-propagation and neurotransmitter release. Understanding ...

Quantification of Endosome and Lysosome Motilities in Cultured Neurons Using Fluorescent Probes

Kwantificering van Endosome en Lysosome Motilities in Cultured Neurons Using Fluorescent Probes

In the brain, membrane trafficking systems play important roles in regulating neuronal functions, such as neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, ...

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake

Beoordeling van Dopaminerge homeostase in muizen door gebruik van High-performance Liquid Chromatography analyse en Synaptosomal Dopamine opname

Dopamine (DA) is a modulatory neurotransmitter controlling motor activity, reward processes and cognitive function. Impairment of dopaminergic (DAergic) ...

Use of Synaptic Zinc Histochemistry to Reveal Different Regions and Laminae in the Developing and Adult Brain

Gebruik van Synaptic zink histochemie onthullen verschillende regio's en Laminae in de ontwikkelingslanden en volwassen brein

Characterization of anatomical and functional brain organization and development requires accurate identification of distinct neural circuits and regions ...